New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005 Brief review of energy machines-engines

New Energy Technologies #2(21) 2005 1
Magazine
CONTENTS
• Brief review of energy machines
engines, U.S.Potapov, Russia 2
• Alt – Science in Russia, T. Ventura, USA 11
• Oil: How much is left? W. Zebuhr, USA 16
• Innovation company of “Nornikel” 22
• Review of companies producing vortex heatgenerators (VHG), E.Artemieva, Russia 23
• Phenomenon of electric current rotation. G. Kasyanov, Russia 28
• «Perpetual motion machine» or «again about magnetron”V.I. Korobeynikov, Russia 31
• Remote Influence Of Rotation On Radioactive Decay, I.A.Melnik, Russia 34
• Aether mechanics, V. Toporov, Russia 38
• On basics of potential dynamics, E.I. Linevitch, Russia 44
• Hypothesis of heat transformer. V. Filippov, Russia 50
• Perpetual motion machine of “the second class”, S.N. Dunayevskiy, Russia 54
• Resonance methods of electric energy transmission, D.S. Strebkov, Russia 60
• Hydrogen energy, Review, S. Shlenchak, Russia 67
• Unitary Quantum Theory And A New Source Of Energy, L. Sapogin, Russia 70
• Ether
Energy
Generator, A. Evert, Germany 74
• Steven Krivit’s Cold Fusion, USA 94
Information reported in New Energy Technologies magazine is not necessary endorsed by the publisher or staff.
In many cases information received cannot be verified, though we try to report the news as accurately as possible.
Scientific news on advanced propulsion systems for aerospace industry and new energy technologies
Issue #2 (21) 2005
Publisher: Faraday Lab Ltd
Editor
in
Chief Alexander V. Frolov, Scientific Advisor Kirill P. Butusov,
Technical Editor Svetlana A. Schlenchak, Translator Elena N. Artemieva
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Printed in Russia. Copyright © 2004
2005 by Faraday Lab Ltd.
Circulation: 500 printed copies
New Energy Technologies
2
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Brief review of
energy machines-engines
Yu.S. Potapov, S. Kachanov, I.G. Kalachiov.
Tel. +7-911-2631428
spotapov@mednet.md
The engine was called a machine as early as in I
century B.C. Today an enormous quantity of
engines
machines exists, so it is necessary to
classify them according to type of consumed
energy or fuel. The following machines are
known:
1. hydraulic motors
2. internal
combustion engines
3. external
combustion engines
4. air motors
5. jet engines
6. gas turbine engines
7. nuclear jet engines
8. nuclear engines
9. ionic engines
10. electric and magnetic engines
11. steamers
12. quantum engines
13. vibratory engines
14. molecular vortex engines
There is no need to overview the entire history
of the mentioned types and classes’
development. Thus, we will consider 1
2 engines
from each class. Taking into account the
present
day reality, only efficient engines are
interesting.
1.1 Hydraulic motors
Hydraulic motors are widely spread in industry.
Russia created its first hydro turbine by means
of an inventor called I.E. Safonov in 1837 [1].
Contemporary turbines are made using vertical
or horizontal shafts. Powers of large turbines reach
million kW though their efficiency is only 28
35%;
in some cases, it reaches up to 40
45%.
The only hydroelectric power station having
efficiency as high as 50% is Hydro Power Plant
(HPP)
1.5 (its power is 1.5 kW) built in the
USSR in the eighties [1].
In 1995, first hydraulic machines with efficiency
coefficient more than 100% appeared.
The advantages of such an electric station are
its high efficiency and ecological cleanness. The
drawbacks are its height of up to 25 meters and
its mass of ten tons while its power is 4 kW for
electric energy and 3 kW for heat energy. This
heat power station uses vortex heatgenerator [3].
Fig. 1. A hydroelectric power station
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
The following hydraulic engine to overcome an
exergy limit of 100% was a machine using air
injection into pneumatic accumulators [4].
A construction with pneumobottles [5] is a type
of hydraulic engine (Fig. 3).
The advantages of such hydraulic machines

engines are high efficiency and ecological
cleanness. The drawbacks are big sizes and low
speed of power shaft rotation.
In the Northern regions, these machines are
necessary to heat big volumes of water. This
would require additional expenditure of energy
and lower efficiency of the engine.
1.2 Internal-combustion engines
(ICE)
Among the variety of internal
combustion
engines, rotary and rotary
piston engines are
interesting for us as they are the most up
to

date machines [6].
Foreign motor rotary engines are known as
Wankel engines [7]. Actually Wankel engine
was almost the only engine to be developed by
motor
car industry of Western Germany, Japan
and France.
There were attempts to produce it in Russia as
well. The best designs of Wankel engine have a
rotor and stator’s effective area of cycloidal
form. During engine operation, its rotor makes
epitrochoidal and hypotrochoidal curves. In
order to prevent rotor jamming, one cog
wheel
is set on the rotor while another one is set on
the body (stator) Fig. 4.
We will omit the history of development of this
engine and mention only its main
Fig. 2. A hydroelectric power plant with
pneumatic accumulators and air injection
Fig. 3. A hydroelectric power plant with closed
accumulators
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
disadvantages. They are:

increased fuel and oil consumption by 10
15%.
Hence, the engine cannot produce “clear”
exhaust in atmosphere.

the engine is heated during fuel combustion
and, therefore, a cooling system is needed.

limited frequency of output power shaft
rotation is 6,000 rev/min while it had been
planned to be 35,000 rev/min.

quick deterioration of effective areas of the
rotor and the body.
These drawbacks have influenced market entry
and the spread of the engine.
An interesting design of ICE was suggested by
an engineer called V.S. Putin [1].
His engine has six identical sections. Two of
them operate as compressors to compress fuel
mixture in combustion chambers of the four
working sections. Each section has six
simultaneously rotating rotors. Their axes are
connected with the output shaft by toothing.
Fuel is fed by compressors in the central part
of engine where it is electrically ignited.
Ignition occurs when the combustion chamber
has the smallest volume. Then rotors turn
through a press of gases and power takeoff
happens at the output shaft. In the end of the
explosion stroke rotors are disconnected and
exhaust occurs.
A long cycle of working gas expansion happens
in such an engine [1]. Fig. 5.
Rotary ICE of V.S. Putin’s design has the main
drawbacks peculiar to the above mentioned
rotary engines. Moreover, it has a rather
complicated design and is not ecologically clean.
Experts think that rotary
blade ICE has big
prospects [1]. Fig. 6.
Fig. 4. Design of Wankel internal-combustion
engine
Fig. 5. Rotary ICE by V.S. Putin
Fig. 6. Scheme of rotary-blade ICE
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
This type of ICE can leap to high rotation
speeds. It has a simple and reliable gas
distribution system: only two blades (rotors)
revolve on shafts dividing the internal surface
of the cylindrical body into four closed bulks.
Both rotors are kinematically connected.
Closed bulks are formed between the blades,
where working cycles of the ICE can take place.
Special compressors are not needed for this
ICE unlike the Wankel engine. Its blades are
equal to an octacylinder four
cycle engine [1].
Unfortunately, it uses the traditional fuel and
this drawback outweighs all its advantages.
Exhaust pollutes the environment and oxygen
from the environment is destroyed during fuel
combustion. It can lead to an ecological
disaster.
1.3 External-combustion engines
On September 21st 1816, Robert Stirling’s
engine was produced. External
combustion
engines differ from internal
combustion ones
by having higher efficiency. For example, the
Stirling’s external
combustion engine has
efficiency of 54% now, which is a great
advantage in comparison with internal

combustion engines. During the Sterling’s
engine operation, far less exhaust is emitted into
the atmosphere but it still combusts fuel
indirectly. This process is accompanied by the
destruction of oxygen, which is why external

combustion engines have no prospects in the
future (Fig. 7).
1.4 Air motors
Air motors are spread in regions where wind
speed on average exceeds 6
7 m/s. It is known
that air motors are divided into two big classes:
with a horizontal pivot pin and with a vertical
one. Its labour bodies can be blades, turbines,
sails etc.
The main advantage of air motors is the absence
of a fuel combustion process and the ecological
cleanness of energy production. The drawbacks
are low efficiency, noise effects and disability
to work using wind of low speed [8].
Prospects of air motors use are rather good.
It is only necessary to remove the known
drawbacks. In the work [9], a design of a wind
power station working regardless of wind speed
with high efficiency is given.
1.5 Jet engines
Solid
propellant jet engines appeared as early
as in ancient China. About 1680, “a rocket
workshop” was opened in Moscow [1].
The efficiency of the jet engine is characterized
by specific impulse. Specific impulse of
contemporary jet engines is 30,000 N s/kg.
Such an enormous specific impulse allows using
these engines on up
to
date solid
propellant
rockets and accelerators.
Fig. 7. External-combustion engines Fig. 8. Jet engine
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 9. Contemporary gas turbofan engine
Fig. 10. Nuclear jet engine
Other types of fuel for jet engines can be liquids
and gases. The efficiency of jet engines is higher
than the efficiency of ICE while losses are from
12 to 30%.
The engine, however, has its drawbacks: strong
environment pollution takes place due to a big
quantity of combusted fuel.
1.6 Gas turbine engines
Contemporary gas turbofan engines have a
ratio of air flows along a by
pass canal and direct
one equal to 3:1 or 4:1. It allows using a fan with
one row of blades [10]. A compressor of the
engine consists of three blocks: a single
stage
blower, an intermediate compressor and a
compressor of high pressure (Fig. 9).
The efficiency of a gas turbofan engine is higher
than the efficiency of the intermediate jet
engine while noise characteristics are much
lower.
It is necessary to mention that the design of a
straight air flow jet engine is much simpler than
that of a gas turbo engine, but both engines use
fuel combustion. They destroy a lot of
atmospheric oxygen and, therefore, cause
irreparable harm to humanity.
1.7 Nuclear jet engines
Specific impulse of jet engines using solid, liquid
or gas fuel can increase up to 4,500 – 5,000 N s/
kg [1]. It is known that one kilogram of uranium
can emit the same quantity of energy during its
decay as 1 million 700 thousand kilograms of
petrol can emit during combustion. Even the
bigger amount of energy can be obtained by
means of fusion.
Of course, a fantastic amount of energy can be
obtained by the induced decay of a proton [11].
In the future, water can be an energy carrier
able to entirely substitute oil and gas. If we take
the combustion of traditional energy carriers
as one, nuclear decay is 102, fusion is 103, and
the induced decay of proton is 105. We just need
time to design such energy machines. The
nuclear jet engine with solid reactor is shown
on Figure 10.
It consists of a chamber – 1, a reactor – 2, a
turbine – 3, a pump – 4 and a vessel with the
working body
5. Its core is made of a set of
fuel elements. The reactor has a control system.
Outflow velocity is 8,000 – 9,000 m/s. It is
limited only by material of the nozzle. Such a
complicated and dangerous construction must
be extra safe. Despite this, its design has been
currently developing.
Fantastic projects of impulse nuclear engines
exist. They suggest that nuclear bombs of more
than 10,000 kg in trinitrotoluol equivalent must
7
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 11. Nuclear engine
Fig. 12. Scheme of ionic engine
be exploded [11]. These projects are even
harder to implement.
1.8 Nuclear engines
The use of nuclear engines for ship machinery
and electric power stations began more than
50 years ago. The efficiency of nuclear electric
power stations does not exceed 30
34%. It is
connected with the fact that nuclear reaction
heats liquid and steam rotates the turbine,
which rotates the electric generator.
This multistage process of transformation of
nuclear energy, naturally, lowers efficiency
(Figure 11).
A certain advantage of nuclear engines is small
mass of “fuel” in comparison with traditional
types of fuel (coal, oil).
1.9 Ionic engines
Three schemes of ionic engines are known. They
differ according to ionization methods. The
first ionization method is based on surface
ionization; the second one is based on electron
bombardment; and the third is connected with
electric arc source of ions formation [1].
All ionic engines have small specific impulses
of tenths of a newton and consume a tenth of
electric energy kilowatts. These engines are
used in spacecrafts for correction of their
trajectory or position relative to sun. (Fig. 12)
Ionic engines are engines of open space. Due to
the high outflow velocity of ions, it is possible
for a spacecraft to gather high speed but
electric energy consumption will be too high,
requiring thousands of kilowatts. But how can
we get it? [1]
Open space engines are neutrino, photon,
plasma, and torsion engines.
Their use on Earth is limited due to a small
specific impulse, therefore, we will not consider
them in details [12].
1.10 Electric engines
Electric engines appeared in 1821. First,
electric engines using direct current were used.
Such electric machines could operate as
generators [1].
Now electric machines and generators using
direct and alternating current as well as
constant magnets are designed. Ac converter

fed motors are perspective as they meet the
industrial requirements.
These electric motors are easily controlled
within the limits from 100 to 25,000 rev/min
and have different powers. AC converter
fed
motors have high accuracy of rotation speed
and operate almost noiselessly.
8
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 13. Dudyshev’s magnetic engine Fig. 14. I.I. Polsuniov’s steamer
Another perspective electric engine is a
machine of a Japanese inventor called Kohey
Minato. According to his words, the engine has
an efficiency higher than 300% [13]. Many
magnets with their poles located at the same
direction towards rotor’s rotation are attached
to the rotor of his engine. There also are
stabilizers for balancing the rotor’s rotation on
the rotor [14].
The engine consumes a minimal quantity of
energy, operates noiselessly and generates no
heat.
A generator of free energy (engine) Lutec 1000
created in Australia by Ludwig Brits and Victor
Christy is even more effective [15]. Its power
is about 1 kW; it works autonomously.
A magnetic engine of A.E. Rumin is also autonomous
and can reach higher power output [16].
Searl’s magnetic engine made by S.M. Godin
and V.V. Roschin [17] generated about 7 kW of
electric energy during autonomous operation
mode.
Despite all advantages of magnetic engines,
they have a common major drawback: heavy
weight and limited resource of magnets. In
order to recharge magnets, 20 times more
energy is needed. (Figure 13)
1.11 Steamers
A steamer of I.I. Polsunov consisting of two
cylinders is the first steamer. (Figure 14)
There were a slide
crank mechanism and a
flywheel in the machine. The first steamers of
this type were used almost without limits. The
steamer has typifed piston internal
combustion
engines.
The two disadvantages of steamers overweigh,
as time goes by, all their advantages.
First, the efficiency of steamer is too low –
about 6%. The weight of the machine is
enormous in comparison with its power. In
other words, steamer could not compete with
ICE in efficiency and specific power.
9
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 15. Design of quantum engine
1.12 Quantum engine
The idea of using water as fuel appeared long
ago. It is known that engines using water have
not become a commercial product. There were
several reasons for that.
The first reason is that, during reciprocating
motor’s operation in water, hydrogenation of
the combustion chamber’s surface,
embrittlement of metal and its quick
destruction takes place.
The second reason is the “fuel”. It must be
refined. And the third reason is that oxygen is
destroyed during water combustion.
An attempt to eliminate these negative effects
was made in Russia [18]. In 2000, an original
design of the engine with a liquid piston and a
system of water injection was developed. A
difference of a new kind of a machine was that the
surface of the combustion chamber was covered
with anti
hydrogenation mixture. Travel took
place in two, four, eight etc. cylinder engines.
Energy characteristics of these engines are twice
better in comparison with those of ICE. (Fig. 15).
Due to lack of traditional elements, a quantum
engine has very high power output. Unfortunately,
it has some known disadvantages of ICE. In the
ecological sense, the engine is equal to an ICE using
hydrogen fuel.
Outlet water steam contributes to the
development of the greenhouse effect.
Moreover, a quantum engine burns oxygen.
Due to this, this type of engines has not been
developed.
1.13 Vibratory engines
Constructions of Tolchin are the most original
among known vibratory engines. Due to this,
Tolchin’s machine is said to have torsion
mechanics.
A simple test should be implemented: if the
Tolchine’s machine is hung on a thread, it stops
moving in space. Now torsion engines exist
only in theory.
The editor’s note: We don’t agree with the opinion
of the respected author. Inertia device by Tolchin
as well as other torsion systems have already
proved thier efficiency. Alexander V. Frolov
1.14 Molecular engines
An idea to use vortex motion of molecules in an
engine appeared in the beginning of the new
millennium. It is known that the speed of air
molecules motion reaches 500 m/s. Chaotic
motion of molecules, however, does not lead to
energy generation. Due to this, organized
motion of molecules in a molecular engine is
made using a special technique.
They produce a rotational moment at the power
shaft. During this process, no fuel is combusted.
There is a temperature difference in a molecular
engine but it is insignificant, so special materials
are not needed [20].
The first testing of a molecular engine at a test
bench has shown that it reaches from 964 to
16,700 rev/min under an environmental
temperature of +20
23 C and inlet pressure of
0.01 – 0.09 atm. [21] Air quality stays the same
before and after operation.
The following testing stage was carried out
with a load.
10
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 16. Molecular engine
For this purpose, a molecular engine, made
according to a patent application of the Russian
Federation, was used. The designed capacity of
the engine was 200 kW.
It became clear that its actual power is higher
while energy consumption is 33 kW/hour.
Ne = Mrot•n / 95154 = 195•12400 / 95154 =
= 253 kW
Hence, its efficiency is:
η = 220 / 253 = 0.869
This is a good result in comparison with existing
machines
engines. A design of molecular engine
is shown on Fig. 16.
Conclusion
1. An analysis of contemporary operational
engines shows that use of fuel including nuclear
one does not allow obtaining efficiency higher
than 54% so far;
2. Use of fuel leads to disastrous environmental
pollution;
3. Appearance of no fuel machines
engines does
not provide for necessary specific power and
longevity;
4. Development of molecular engines can lead
to the design of machines
engines operating in
autorotation mode without traditional fuel
combustion.
11
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
A l t – S c i e n c e i n R u s s i a
By Tim Ventura, USA
Published at www.americanantigravity.com
Alex Frolov is the director of Faraday Labs and
the editor of New Energy Technologies Magazine,
a breakthrough
science publication published in
St. Petersburg, Russia. His role gives him a unique
perspective on Antigravity research in the Russian
Federation and beyond, and he offers his insights
as both a journalist and innovator.
AAG: I’d like to start out by thanking you
for the hard work and expert analysis that
you provide in New Energy Technologies
Magazine. It’s building a growing audience
around the world, and performs a valuable
service in providing in-depth coverage on
a diverse array of breakthrough and
emerging technologies. I’d like to learn a
little bit more about your own personal
background, as well as the history of
Faraday Labs and New Energy
Technologies Magazine.
simple devices in our home lab. He was a Russian
military officer, and for me electronics was the
best idea for the higher education. In 1979 I
entered High Military Engineering University
of St. Petersburg and in 1983 I received a
master’s degree in wireless
telecommunications. I served as an officer in the
Russian military from 1983 to 1989, and from
then until 2001 I worked full
time in
telecommunications; first as an engineer and
later as a manager.
My free time during this period was devoted to
research work in my home lab and the organized
publication of my ideas, and began taking part
in scientific conferences. In 1996 we organized
international alt
physics congress in St.
Petersburg. I also began a written
correspondence with Thomas E. Bearden, Rolf
Shafranke and other alt
energy researchers...
In 2001 a private investor from Moscow offered
money to create a company to develop
alternative energy research. In 2002 the
company Faraday Lab Ltd was re
organized
with other investors based in UK. One of our
activities is the publication of the Russian

English magazine “New Energy Technologies”.
It is not profitable, but it is useful work.
Alex Frolov: Founder &
Director of Faraday Labs.
Frolov: My practical skills are mainly related
to electronics, which I started learning when I
was 12 years old. When I was 14, my father and
I built FM wireless transmitters and other
Issue #3, 2002: American
Antigravity’s 1st article!
12
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
AAG: You publish more than just Russian
research – in fact, you’ve graciously
published a few articles that I’ve written,
in addition to several other American and
European authors. In all honesty, I’d
never have imagined that I’d be published
in Russia, but it’s been a wonderful
experience. How would you say that the
new spirit of globalism on the Internet
has helped New Energy Technologies?
Frolov: Yes, there are some positive aspects
to increasing globalization. We can use the
Internet, for instance, to either get correct
information or wrong information on a
variety of subjects
but in any case the most
important and serious research results can
never be published or demonstrated in the
mass
media because of national security
concerns. So, I never take seriously email or
web information before practical testing in
my lab.
AAG: The American media hasn’t told us
much about Russia lately. How is the
economy, and are wages and the
standard of living improving for the
average person?
Frolov: Hmm… what can I say about our life
here? We’re not similar to the cretins
portrayed in Hollywood action
movies. Our
economy is really growing and wages now are
from several hundred USD up to several
thousand USD monthly. Also many people in
Russia are trying to develop some of their own
businesses in fast food, car services, tourism,
and hotels, etc… I see that the cost of life in
Moscow and St. Petersburg is so high enough
to be compared with New York. Many
Russians own real estate and take vacations
in Europe and other popular destinations. So,
my conclusion is that our country is now
developing from the first steps in
privatization to a stable period of controlled
capitalism.
AAG: New Energy Technologies Magazine
always provides a unique coverage of
ideas that we literally don’t hear about
anywhere else, and it would be great to
learn a bit more about your recent
successes. Can you give us an overview
of some of your recent breakthrough
stories?
Frolov: The main topic for now is research on
autonomous air
vortex power plants. The
author is Yury S. Potapov, who also developed
high
efficiency water vortex heaters. The idea
is quite simple: to generate a controlled, self

powered tornado and to use its power. We have
some information about workable 50 KW and
200 KW devices, but now it is necessary to build
our own device to see how it works, and then to
start production and sales. It may be the
shortest path to a fuel
less power industry since
almost parts of the device are standard
production components: air compressors,
turbines and electro
generators.
We’ve started a project to build and test a
smaller 37KW unit in autonomous mode.
It should be quite interesting to read our review
about Prof. Alfred Evert, papers from Prof.
Dudishev and other articles. Please visit our
web site http://www.faraday.ru to read contents
of publication from 2001. The collection of all
articles can be ordered as CD.
AAG: During the cold-war, Russian science
did a lot of work on Torsion and Spin
Fields that western science knows virtually
nothing about. In fact, even the
terminology is confusing to most western
scientists, who have only a foggy notion
what these concepts are. Can you give us
a brief overview on what a Torsion Field
is, and how they might be used to create
Antigravity effects?
Issue #1, 2004: Closeup
on Potapov’s generators
13
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Frolov: I think that the name Gennady Shipov
is well known. He is a theorist and his work with
Akimov also is known. In their books the notion
torsion is explained as a 4
dimensional rotation.
Please read their work. So, it is not a mechanical
torsion! But from the other hand, the rotation
of any mass will involve some part of aether in
rotation and we can see some local aether

pressure gradient in an axial direction – it is
quite clear and it is related to AG effects.
AAG: On the subject of “torsion”, there’s
been a lot of confusion about whether the
term used by Russian scientists is the
same concept described in Einstein’s
Unified Field Theory. For those of us
wanting to learn more about this, can you
provide any good reference materials, and
tell us if there’s a connection to Einstein’s
“Metric Torsion Tensor”?
Frolov: Yes, sure it is related notions. To see the
connection please find link between Einstein’s
space
time metric and aether flow. Let’s say that
the space
time metric is determined by
direction and density of the aether flow. You can
use mathematics but in the popular view we can
say that the torsion effects are results of local
changes in the aether density. In this case this
density determines the time
rate factor and
other spatial metric properties.
AAG: I interact with people all over the
world, and one of the things that strikes
me is how unique American perspectives
are on some of the Antigravity
“mythology”. Is there a Russian
perspective on Roswell, Area 51, and
American UFO mythology?
Frolov: UFO’s aren’t an area of serious interest
to us, but the positive aspects from any
information are new ideas that form the basis
for new technologies.
AAG: You know, it seems like there are a
lot of advantages to building a new
technology business in modern Russia –
it is a country with substantially lower
labor-costs, and yet has some of the best
scientists in the world. Are private
companies beginning to move into the
Russian economy and take advantage of
the assets that it can provide to the
technology industry?
Frolov: Yes, private or mutual state/private
investments in new technologies are developing
in modern Russia. Sometimes we’re not as
experienced in international corporate
management, and due to this many Russian high
tech companies can not take leading positions
in the world market. We need serious
experienced international partners for this stage
to avoid losses of high tech breakthroughs.
AAG: The Russian State News Agency,
Novosti, recently published an article
suggesting that scientist Valery Menshikov
had developed a new form of inertialess
propulsion drive that would be seeing use
in the near future in Russia’s space
program. You’ve suggested that
Menshikov’s work uses a form of “liquid
gyroscope” based on earlier research by
your close friend – Dr. Poliakov. Can you
tell us a bit more about how this device
produces propulsion, and perhaps provide
some background information on the
relationship between Menshikov and
Poliakov for us?
Frolov: We’ve published several articles about
this type of propulsion. Dr. Spartak Poliakov
developed a device which rotated 10 kg of
mercury. I visited him in 1998 to make a video
and publication. The axial propulsion force was
Issue #4, 2002: Info on
Dr Poliakov’s AG-Drive
14
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
detected only during some time after the start.
Dr. Poliakov tried to get support from officials.
Dr. Menshikov developed Poliakov’s idea but
in his work the effect also is detected for only
30 min after the start.
I modernized this idea and designed a small
device. Sure, it can be demonstrated… and in
my version, the axial force is permanent. It
works with 50 grams of water rotated by
12VDC motor. My Russian patent claim was
filed in 2002, discussed and rejected in 2004.
Who is interested to develop this technology
seriously? I’ve tried to develop local contacts
but it seems that they are not interested.
Perhaps we can build a serious international
team to pursue this research further…
AAG: Since Novosti is a state-run news
agency, it raises the question of whether
the story about Menshikov’s work was
actually a political statement by the
Russian government about the need for
breakthrough technologies in our space
program. Do you think politics played a
role in Novosti’s story?
Frolov: I’m not involved in politics, and don’t
know offhand. Novosti is a quite serious agency,
but they are not experts in technological news.
So, with regards to your question, if my positive
answer means real investments for Menshikov,
then I must insist that you need to see the more
modernized approach in my lab.
AAG: In 1992, Russian scientists Sergei
Godin & Vladimir Roschin built an SEG
replica that they claimed produced
remarkable results. One of the breaking
news stories this year is that they’re
building another prototype, and expect to
have results in the near future. Can you
tell us anything about their research,
backgrounds, and what they expect to
find?
Frolov: I spoke Mr. Godin two days ago and
their work is in progress. They have a good
investor. You can read news in our latest issue
of New Energy Technologies. In general this
idea is self
rotation aether vortex produced by
crossed E
x
H fields. It is quite an interesting
device, but I think that future fuel
less power
industry can use more simple and safe devices;
for example, the air vortex power plants by
Potapov. I hope to start a 37KW unit this
month.
AAG: Evgeny Podkletnov is perhaps
Russia’s most well-known gravityresearcher.
Although he now lives in
Finland, he still conducts his research in
Moscow, and claims to be generating
“beams of force capable of shattering
brick and warping metal like a
sledgehammer”. However, one of the
concerns has been that he hasn’t provided
any photographic or video evidence of
these claims. What are your thoughts on
this?
Frolov: We have clear theory of this effect. Prof.
Butusov is our scientific adviser and his research
on De Broglie waves (matter waves) are a clear
way to the generation of longitudinal waves in
aether. I believe that it is the basis of
Podkletnov’s effects. We have our own results
with small low power device. It is not a
superconductor, but just a rotating electric
current circuit designed in our lab according to
Prof. Butusov’s idea was to produce the
longitudinal waves in an axial direction. In 2003
we tested influence of this wave on radioactivity
and we have got some positive results. Really it
was quite weak effect since the current was only
about 0.5 amps. Dr. Podkletnov used 10,000
ampere currents. We are looking for customers
to develop this topic.
AAG: One of the technologies that you’ve
covered was a form of “Time Control
Chamber” – can you elaborate a bit more
on how this chamber worked, and what
kind of results it produced?
Frolov: It was joint project with Dr. Vadim
Chernobrov of Moscow. I proposed the idea
of aether density control and he proposed a
specially designed magnetic monopole. In the
central area of this magnet monopole we can
detect some changes of the time rate (about
5%). The idea of aether density control can
be realized also by means of non

electromagnetic methods. The magnet
monopole is quite an unstable device,
powered from external electric source. We
submitted the invention to the Russian
patent office but I see that 3
years of
15
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
correspondence is not resulting in a positive
patent. So, we need a serious partner to
develop these very real effects for medicine,
aerospace propulsion, and radioactivity
control.
AAG: After World War-II, both the United
States and Russia participated in post-war
operations to secure secret Nazitechnologies.
Operation Paperclip was the
United States version of this, and secured
a number of German rocket-technologies
after the war. However, Nick Cook’s
investigation of the Nazi-Bell device (a
torsion field generator) has led me to
wonder if Russia perhaps acquired some
more interesting secret weapons. Now
that the era of secrecy is coming to an
end, are any secret WW-II technologies
coming to light?
Frolov: I am getting information about the
Russian secrets from USA publications, so you
know more than me in this area.
AAG: I personally believe that despite the
economic challenges that Russia has been
facing, it remains an intellectual
powerhouse of innovation, and the articles
that you’ve published certainly support
that premise. How do you see the future
of Russian innovation evolving over the next
decade and beyond?
Frolov: I see that the economics of modern
Russia is based on oil
sales mainly, but it’s a
Issue #3, 2003: New
time-control technology!
In April 2005, the Russian State
News Agency
Novosti ran an article stating that Dr. Valery
Menshikov of Moscow’s R&D Institute of
Space Systems intended to test an ‘inertialess
drive’ to provide long
term space propulsion.
A liquid or solid
state propulsive mass moves
along a preset tornado
shaped trajectory
inside this engine, thereby ensuring
sustainable propulsion.
The device being tested is a variation on the
“Vortex
Drive”
an intertialess propulsion
system developed by Dr. Spartak M.Poliakov,
a Graduate of Kishinev State University, and
an experimental physicist with over 47 years
in the electronics industry. He has authored
over 50 scientific papers, and a recent book
entitled “Introduction to Experimental
Gravitonics”. The photo above was taked by
Alexander Frolov during a 1998 visit to
Poliakov’s laboratory.
Tim Ventura
The Poliakov’s Vortex-Drive
limited source of income perhaps only for
another 20
50 years. So, the positive future of
Russian economics can be estimated as an
intellectual factory of innovations, and the
main part of this business will be a new fuel
less
power industry.
16
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Oil: How much is left?
William Zebuhr
6 Southgate Drive
Nashua, NH 03062 USA
Reprinted with permission from Infinite Energy Magazine
www.infinite-energy.com
It may seem strange that a magazine advocating
new energy would discuss oil issues, but the
question of how much oil remains is very
germane to the new energy business. There is a
great deal of controversy about the urgency of
discovering alternatives for oil, at least as an
energy source. Having a realistic idea of how
much time is available helps to properly go
about the process of discovery and
development.
An atmosphere of panic, for example, is not
conducive to pursuing years of research and
discovery before engineering a production
version of a new energy machine. Instead, it
leads to pursuing whatever might work, even if
in the long run it is a poor choice that leads only
to another set of problems. A rush to pursue,
for example, nuclear power, wind power, and
solar power in a big way in anticipation of
running out of oil in a few years might saddle
us with huge environmental and maybe
aesthetic issues and divert huge amounts of man
hours, capital, and material from pursuing much
better alternatives.
Serious new energy researchers seem to be on
the threshold of discovering ways of extracting
energy either from the "vacuum" or from low
energy nuclear reactions. Production of useful
machines might take a few more decades, but
the result would be so much better that it would
be the wiser path even though we might be
dependent on oil a little longer.
Oil has fuelled the greatest growth of
civilization in known history, both in
technology and population. The problem is that
we have gotten hooked on it and are absolutely
dependent on it for survival as we know it. For
decades it has seemed like an almost perfect
"miracle" fuel for this growth. It is abundant,
easy to get, easy to transport, easy to use, has
high energy content, and can be used to make
an endless variety of products so it is low in cost
and used with abandon all over the world. In
the last few decades, however, its dark side has
become apparent. It has ravaged the
environment, including land, water, and air.
Many of the products made from oil wind up
filling landfills and littering endless miles of
roads and waterways. Its excessive use is
impacting the climate, although how and how
much is hotly debated. Today we can't live
without oil, but the question now is how long do
we have to live with it?
This question is of great interest to all mankind,
but is especially interesting to the very few that
actually might be able to do something about
it. These few are likely to be among the readers
of IE, because the best way to kick the oil habit
is to find something that renders it obsolete as
a source of energy.
It is very important at this stage of our
development to have a fairly good idea of how
much oil remains because of our extreme
dependence and the extreme consequences of
running out before alternatives are available at
a cost that can be borne by a major part of the
population.
Many doomsday scenarios have been proposed
about the consequences of suddenly running
out of oil. The most extreme say that most of
the people on Earth will die and it will happen
in this century. One of these is Matt Savinar, a
young lawyer who has written a book about
peak oil. The first line of the introductory letter
on the homepage of his website
(www.lifeaftertheollcrash.net) says:
"Civilization as we know it is coming to an
end soon." The premise of his book, The Oil
17
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Age is Over: What to Expect as the World
Runs Out of Cheap Oil, 2005 2050, is based
on this statement made in the beginning: "The
Earth is endowed with about 2,000 billion
barrels of oil. We have used about 1,000
barrels. As of 2003, we consume 28 billion
barrels per year. 1,000 billion barrels divided
by 28 billion barrels per year = 35.7 years of
oil left. If one accounts for increased demand
resulting from population growth and
economic demand, that estimate is slashed to
a paltry 25 years... The problem, however, is
not 'running out of oil' as much as it is running
out of cheap oil, which is the resource upon
which every aspect of industrial civilization
is built."
When I was about Savinar's age in 1974, I co

founded an energy conservation company and
some of our planning was based on oil going
to $ 100 per barrel and the predictions that
oil would run out in 30 years. The company
was successful but never grew to the size we
envisioned because oil got cheap again and,
of course, 31 years later is not only in much
greater use but is still cheap. I didn't really
believe we would be out of oil in 30 years back
then and I certainly don't believe it now.
Things are just not that simple.
Oil consumption can be reduced by
conservation or by using other sources of
energy. Conservation cannot do the whole job
and it takes time to implement on a scale that
can make a major impact. The time is
reasonably predictable because most of the
technology is known and just has to be
implemented. The very much unknown part
of the transition process is how long it will
take to invent and develop viable energy
alternatives. Invention is virtually
unpredictable and development of new
technology is at best twice as long and twice
as expensive as the estimates, often much
more.
There are many technologies discussed in the
new energy field that might take over for oil
and many inventors and discoverers have
made wild business plans, at least in their
heads, that make them billionaires. Some of
these ideas will eventually be developed, but
all indications are that it will take quite a few
years. It is very important to keep things in
the proper perspective. Of course, any
developer wants to go as fast as possible, but
real life issues such as cost, ease of use, safety,
and environmental impact must be
considered. It is a good idea to keep the supply
and cost of the conventional sources in mind
while planning for the new paradigm.
The concept of peak oil is backed up by a lot
of data, as pointed out by Michael Ruppert
in his article (p. 15). Association for the Study
of Peak Oil and Gas has a mission to evaluate
the reserves of oil and gas, study the
depletion, and raise awareness of the serious
consequences. They have studied the data
from many countries and their evidence
shows a world production peak at about 2005.
This peak is called Hubbert's peak, after Dr.
Marion Hubbert, who successfully predicted
that U.S. oil production would peak in 1970.
This data is confined to conventional oil and
gas found and extracted in conventional ways.
However, this oil may represent a small
fraction of the true world reserves of
hydrocarbons, so even though this is a very
important point it is just one of many that
must be considered to fully assess the world's
energy situation in the long run.
The doomsdayers greatly underestimate how
much oil is now wasted on trivial or even
destructive uses and how much is simply
wasted because energy is so cheap. A lot of
oil is burned heating houses and running cars.
Properly designed cities are much more
efficient than suburban or rural living.
Heating and transportation costs can be cut
by roughly 80% or so without reduction in
comfort or luxury. A lot of natural gas is used
to make fertilizer that is either not needed or
downright destructive. Farmers use natural
gas to fertilize fields and then struggle to
dispose of thousands of tons of natural
fertilizer created every day in feed lots. There
is something drastically wrong with this
picture and there are plenty of other poor uses
of energy that will be changed when oil and
gas gets expensive.
A lot of this waste is a consequence of
incredibly poor energy policy in this country
and in most of the rest of the world.
18
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Consumption is encouraged by keeping
prices artificially low. This is done by
subsidizing oil companies via tax breaks and
low cost access to land and by great military
expenditures on behalf of oil that are paid for
by taxpayers and not the oil companies.
Politicians buy votes with cheap oil. So the
problem really comes down to the price of oil and
how a large price increase will effect the world.
In the developed world we have a distorted
view of the importance of oil. The richest one
billion people use far more oil than the
remaining five billion. A farmer in India uses
natural fertilizer and travels by foot or animal
of mass transit. He is little affected by the
price of oil. The people most affected are the
richest and most of them can handle a drastic
price increase without disaster. At $2 per
gallon and 20 miles per gallon fuel cost, that
equates to 10 cents per mile. If gas cost $ 10
per gallon, the cost is 50 cents per mile. That
is high if a lot of miles are driven, but it is well
within today's technology to get 50 miles per
gallon, which brings the cost per mile back
down to 20 cents per mile. The cost of a bottle
of water is about $1. Of that, the bottle –
which is made from oil
is about 4 cents. If
the bottle goes to 20 cents, most people won't
notice and those that do have plenty of
alternatives.
One area of concern is space heating. Even a
modest house can cost over $1,000 per year
to heat. If that went to $5,000 it could be a
serious burden to many. Given that a five
times increase would probably take years to
happen, improvements could be made to the
insulation, windows, heating system, etc. to
reduce energy consumption.
It is often possible to reduce energy
consumption by a factor of two or better,
which would result in a $2,500 per year bill.
That could still be a problem for some, but it
is not so serious as to be endangering. Toys
and other consumer goods will get more
expensive, but the economy won't collapse
and people won't die because of it. Ten dollars
per gallon gas sounds very high but it is only
about twice what Europeans pay now.
Americans only spend about 6% of their
income on food. This indicates a lot of
elasticity in the way income is spent. We can
handle a five times price increase in fuel without
disaster. But that increase would do amazing
things to promote all the actions necessary to
greatly cut consumption and find more oil if
it exists.
There is great controversy over the question of
how much oil remains and the cost of getting
it. That would seem odd if the subject was
restricted to science and engineering, but the
issue is also tangled up in an unsavory web of
governments, politics, and competing
commercial interests, resulting in wars,
corruption, waste, and great economic
distortion.
In an enlightened market economy, the price of
oil would be a good indicator of how much of it
was left in comparison to demand. As supply ran
low the price would climb, alternatives would
be found, and a smooth transition would be
made. We don't have an enlightened economy
in oil or any other natural resource, not only
for the above unsavory factors but because we
do not properly account for the depletion of
resources.
Changes in gross domestic product do not show
reductions in a country's net worth as its
resources are used up. We also do not account
for destructive side effects of extraction or use
of resources. The cost of wars that have been
fought to directly or indirectly protect the
supply of oil is also not included. Proper
accounting would result in a much higher oil
price now and a much more active search would
already be on to find alternatives.
The technology has also grown immensely more
complex since the first oil was essentially
pumped from a simple hole in the ground and
used much as it was found. We discuss some of
the technical issues involved in this issue (John
Rudesill, p. 18) and how they impact oil
production even if supply is not the issue. It also
seems that the old idea of "the more you know,
the more you know you don't know" is in force.
We have "known" for over a hundred years that
oil is a fossil fuel resulting from just the right
sequence of biological and geological events
over a span of millions of years. That is now
19
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
being questioned. There is compelling evidence
that oil is not really a fossil fuel and there could
be a lot more of it than we now assume. This
theory is discussed in David Zebuhr's article (p.
11) and it adds a big new factor to the question
of how much oil there really is. This oil is quite
deep wells over 30,000 feet deep have been
drilled to get it. This makes it a lot more
expensive but at least it is there to ease the
transition to alternatives.
There are other alternative sources for the fuels
we get from oil (and gas). Billions of barrels of
oil can be extracted from tar sands in Alberta,
Canada, and other areas. The process is very
disruptive to the environment and expensive
and I suspect it would be much more expensive
if the true environmental costs were included
and proper accounting was done. Millions of
barrels of oil have now been extracted from
these sands and the process is being refined, but
it will remain disruptive and relatively
expensive.
Shale is another source of oil that has similar
problems, but the oil can be extracted in great
quantities if really needed (see Les Case's essay,
p. 26). Another' hydrocarbon source is hydrated
methane that seems to lie in great abundance
on much of the ocean floor.
Hydrates are compounds in which a molecule
of a chemical gets trapped within molecules of
water without chemically bonding. Methane
hydrates are ice like compounds of methane and
water. They are formed at temperatures of less
than 7 C and at pressure greater than 50
atmospheres and occur in deep ocean sediments
and permafrost. They are believed to exist along
the continental shelves in many areas around
the world. According to the United States
Geological Survey, two small areas off the coasts
of North and South Carolina contain the
equivalent of 70 times the annual amount of
natural gas used in the U.S. The energy
available from this source probably far exceeds
that available from the proven reserves of oil
and gas.
In the 1930s it was discovered that natural gas
pipelines in cold environments were getting
plugged by gas hydrates. This stimulated a low
level of research that greatly accelerated in the
1960s when the hydrates were discovered in
gas fields in Siberia. Exploration began around
the world, leading to an international research
and development effort to discover the
production potential for the hydrates. Japan and
India began major projects to explore the
production potential in the mid 1990s. The U.S.
followed in the late 1990s by drilling
experimental wells in northern Canada. This
activity resulted in the signing of the Methane
Hydrate Research and Development Act of
2000 to set the structure, goals, and timing for
a DOE led R&D program. This is a development
that is still in its early stages but is rapidly
gathering momentum.
It will take a long and intense effort to safely
extract commercial quantities of gas, but when
it makes economic sense it will happen. Many
people downplay the importance of hydrates
because of the great difficulties involved, but
many of our current technologies have been
developed at great expense, often involving
billions of dollars, many years, and sometimes
many lives.
Another source of natural gas is coal beds. There
is enough coal to keep the world supplied with
energy for hundreds of years, but it is difficult
to extract, handle, and use in ways that are
friendly to the environment. In some coal
fields a lot of methane is released in the
process of mining the coal. It is now realized
that this is a significant source of gas and that
its capture and use is important not only to
be able to use the gas but to prevent its release
into the atmosphere, where it is a powerful
greenhouse gas.
In some areas natural gas is abundant but oil is
not. Gas is difficult to transport, except by
pipeline. If a suitable market is not in range of a
pipeline, the gas cannot be used except by first
turning it into a liquid.
The most common method is to liquefy it by
refrigeration and transport it by well insulated
ships and trucks. Then it is re
gasified and
transported to its final destination by pipeline.
This whole process is not only expensive but
potentially very dangerous. A fire in any of
these steps can be serious enough to threaten
an entire city.
20
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Another way of creating a liquid from the gas
is to turn it into oil. It is then much safer to
transport and can be used for vehicles,
especially in diesels. There is a huge plant
being built in Qatar in the Persian Gulf to
turn natural gas into an ultra clean diesel fuel.
Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch/Shell,
ChevronTexaco, and others have committed
$20 billion to build this plant in an industrial
park twice the size of Manhattan. This is a
risky investment that will only pay if costs
are well contained and the price of oil stays
high. A project of this magnitude is an
indication that money and technology can
extend the supply of oil.
Ethanol is a very good fuel to use as a substitute
for oil, but at this point it is made mostly from
corn. Not only does that make it expensive, but
in times of crisis it does not seem to make good
sense to work on converting a good food source
into fuel.
There is now an effort underway to extract
ethanol from agricultural waste. It has the
potential of significantly reducing the
dependency of the U.S. on foreign fuel and
reducing greenhouse emissions at the same time.
The greenhouse emissions are reduced because
if the waste is left to decay in the fields it releases
C02 and the methanol when burned releases less
greenhouse gas than gasoline. Also if biomass
crops are grown for fuel, C02 is absorbed from
the atmosphere. At this point it is far from
proven that this makes economic sense, but
millions of dollars are being spent on it.
Other sources of fuel include animal waste from
food processing, solid waste that otherwise
would go to a landfill, wood scraps, and gas from
digestion of sewage. Incineration not only
produces considerable energy but keeps waste
out of landfills. It is amazing to me that they
are so strongly resisted in most areas. Part of
this resistance is fear, mostly unjustified, of air
pollution and the other issue seems to be capital
cost. Municipalities have little incentive to take
the long view. This would change when fuel
prices increase.
The world is heading into an era of very
significant change, but it does not have to be a
crisis. There are many ways to both cut fuel
consumption and introduce new supplies, and
we have the time to do it.
There have been endless predictions of the end
of the world and major crises.
In the late 1800s it was thought that Manhattan
had reached the limits of its growth because of
the problems caused by huge quantities of horse
manure. Boston, New York, London, Paris, and
other cities almost choked on sewage for years
before building pipelines and treatment plants.
The construction of these plants was expensive
and at the time considered risky, but it was done.
Thousands of lives were saved and improved
and these cities grew way beyond what was
conceivable at the time.
Many billions of dollars are available and
thousands of people are ready, willing, and able
to find solutions to our fuel problems. These
solutions will be extensions of what we now
know and understand, but they will be sufficient
to get us to the next era of energy, which is in
its early stages of exploration. This next era is
at this point being pursued by a few pioneers
who are knowledgeable about the current
paradigms but sceptical enough and with
enough imagination and ambition to make the
first bold steps.
Margaret Mead once said, "Never doubt
that a small group of thoughtful, committed
people can change the world. Indeed it is
the only thing that ever has." I have no
doubt that solutions will be found.
There are plenty of smart, hard working people
out there who will lead the way. As usual, the
masses, and finally governments, will follow and
life will go on. It may be a very different life,
however, depending on the innovators who will
lead the way.
There may be a great need for conservation and
a Spartan lifestyle at least for awhile. This is not
necessarily a bad thing. There is a lot more to
life than wanton consumptionism. The period
of scarcity would be followed by a period of
abundance based on other energy sources
probably combined with a healthy sense of
conservation. Even if energy is "free" and
"clean," the use of it has consequences.
21
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Oil is left for 19 years in Russia
www.oilru.com
On the 26th of November 2003, a round
table
discussion took place in Moscow. The topic
discussed was: “Russian petroleum industry:
using “old reserves” or development and
modernization”? V. Balashov, vice
president
of the Association of oil
gas equipment
producers, A. Vavilov, member of the Federation
Council of the Russian Federation, head of
Financial Research Institute,
S. Vainshtok, president of “Transneft” company,
M.Magomedov, member of the Federation
Council, I. Nikulin, director
general of
“Tsentrform”, A. Rakevitch, representative of the
Geological survey department of “Gazprom”
company, A. Krajev, deputy director
general of
the Institute of geologic
economical problems
and other experts participated in the discussion.
A report on this “round
table” discussion has
been published by an analytical agency
“Marketing i Konsulting”.
The main question was: how long can Russia
use its explored reserves of oil? According
to the data presented by the round
table
organizers, there is oil in the Russian bosom
for 19 years. Responding to this, A. Krajev
said that this is quite possible. However, there
are a lot of undiscovered reserves in Russia.
Now lands of Western Siberia are not used
nor are the northern seas except the western
part of the Barents Sea.
Answering the question why Russia prefers
mining fields discovered during Soviet times
and does not work on finding new oil reserves,
A. Krajev told that it is necessary to get a
license for exploration work implementation.
Then, the works must be paid for and they
are very expensive. In case, at last, one would
be lucky to find oil, the field is put up for a
competition. Thus, the explorer almost has
no rights to use it. On top of it all, exploration
costs are repaid to the explorer in case they
prove that the amount is no less than they
claim. Large oil companies are not interested
in exploration either because, on the one hand,
it is expensive and, on the other hand, large
companies do not count on it now.
As for the quantity of proven oil territories,
according to the opinion of S. Vainshtok, it is
impossible to determine how many years are
left before oil comes to an end because there
are wells in Russia and abroad, which have been
officially empty for 3
5 years, but they are still
used for oil extraction today. According to S.
Vainshtok, the main Russian oil problem is that
we sell our resources and spend money on food
only. The social sector is getting worse every
year; citizens’ welfare is getting worse too.
According to the words of the “Transneft”
head, today oil companies experience a deficit
of staff. It happens not due to a lack of people
interested, but due to the fact that even
workers must be highly qualified at modern
plants. There are no places for their education
because the system of trade and technical
schools has been destroyed. If a company wants
to educate a specialist itself, it is quite difficult
and not advantageous for the company. The
following question is the question of labour
remuneration. Educated engineers from
Tatarstan, Bashkiria, Chuvashia and other
regions can be interested to work in the
Khabarovsk region only if the salary is large.
Wages cannot be as large and, therefore,
attractive.
Continuing the topic of explored oil reserves,
the discussion participants went on to the
transport problem. It is known that Russian oil
export increased twice during the last decade.
Lately, construction of pipelines in the
direction of Murmansk and China has been
discussed. Regarding this topic, S. Vainshtok
said that most likely the pipelines will not be
constructed because today no oil magnate can
guarantee they will not be empty.
In conclusion, it was said that oil will finally
come to an end as a substance or an
energy source and will be replaced by
something else.
22
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Innovation company of “Nornikel”
www.vedomosti.ru
As “Vedomosty” writes, after spending a
year and $30 millions, “Norilskiy nikel”
has been convinced of the fact that the
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) is not
able to carry an innovation business. RAS
has neither skills nor personnel for this.
“Nornikel” is forming a special company,
which will transform scientific
developments into money and
technologies.
In February 2004, “Nornikel” and RAS signed
a cooperation agreement.The company invested
more than $30 million in research and
development on the production of fuel cells. These
devices are supposed to be used in hydrogen
energy, which is considered almost the main
alternative in modern energy based on the use of
hydrocarbons. All in all $11 millions were spent
on the purchase of equipment, instruments, and
materials for academic institutes. The rest of
money was spent on organizational expenses and
payment for researches’ work.
This experience turned out to be not very
successful. At the disposal of “Vedomosty” a
fragment of a letter from “Nornikel”’s vice

president Vladimir Pivnuk to RAS’s vice

president, Gennadiy Mesiats, was found. It
contains a review of the research report given by
RAS. In spite of a number of positive results,
Pivnuk writes, reports on some R&D cannot be
accepted, including, the fact that the researches
did not give any information about the patent
situation with R&D. In other words, the customer
is not informed whether the results of the works,
fow whcih they paid, had been patented earlier.
”Nornikel” is investing hydrogen energy because
this meets its interests: all metals produced by the
company are used in “hydrogen” technologies in
some way, Pivnuk explains. According to his
opinion, these investments have not been wasted:
“Nornikel” is 70% satisfied with cooperation with
RAS. This is the part of development which has
“a good potential of commercialisation”,
according to Pivnuk’s words.
However, successful cooperation of “Nornikel”
with academic bureaucracy will end at this
point. The Academy of Sciences is suffering
from ineffective management. “This is not the
Academy’s fault, rather its trouble, because it
is general knowledge that the Academy is in a
grave condition concerning finances and
personnel”, Pivnuk tells. There are no
innovation mechanisms in Russia. Moreover,
absurd barriers in order to prevent business
corporations from financing science and
commercialising scentific developments are
erected here. “For example, the tax law allows
academic institutes to purchase scentific
equipment and instruments only using icome,
which they do not have at all,
explains Pivnuk.
– As a result, corporate customers must
transfer them funds for discharge of tax”.
As a result, “Nornikel”’s committee of
directors has decided to found a separate
National innovation company “New Energy
Projects”. Pivnuk tells that its head will
be the president of the holding company
“Noviye programmy i kontseptsii” Boris
Kuzyk. The company will directly work with
academic institutes, which succeed in
developing hydrogen technologies.
We have serious potential in fundamental
research but the gap between scientific
research and merchantable engineering supply
is too big, according to the words of the
investment director of “Russkiye tekhnologii”
company Vladimir Bernshtein. “There are
technologies concerning fuel cells in Russian
scientific centers. However, competition
between our academic science and western
corporations is impossible due to the fact that
western corporations already have not only
R&D but also industrial systems using fuel cells.
That is why an initiative to found a private
company with management directed
toward commercialisation is the only right
decision”, Bernstein tells.
23
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
“Ecoteplo” company
http://www.ecoteplo.ru/ts.htm
Heat devices of HPS1 type (vortex
heatgenerators) are an alternative heat source
producing heat according to the basis of
quantum physics.
“Ecoteplo” company has been developing,
producing and refining heat devices for four
years. During this time, 12 different models have
been tested at a test board of the company. Now,
the efficiency coefficient (ratio of produced
heat energy to consumed electric energy) has
been brought to 1.93.
Heat power stations have the following
advantages: they are safe, ecological due to the
absence of harmful emissions and radiations,
compact, are simply designed and simple to
install, and they do not require water chemical
refinement. High efficiency allows reducing the
pay
back period up to 1.5 years. Constant
service staff is not required. The heat station
satisfies the requirements of 3113
001

45374583
2003 Standard; it is certified. A heat
station with electric engines of a capacity from
2.2 to 45.0 kwatt is to be launched in summer.
The station can heat water up to 95 degrees.
The heat station of HPS1 is used in many
regions of the Russian Federation and abroad:
in Moscow, Krasnoyarsk and Stavropol regions,
Tula, Nizhni Novgorod, Kalmykia, Noginsk,
Chekhov and other cities, in Kazakhstan,
Uzbekistan, South Korea and China. Regular
stations were launched by a Moscow company
called “Splain Center”, in the towns of the
Moscow region called Lytkarino, Roshal and
Domodedovo, in Lipetsk.
In cooperation with its partners, the company
provides a full range of services beginning from
the cleaning of internal engineering systems to
the removal of solid
crystalline, corrosion and
organic sediment without dismantling system
elements at any time of year. The company can
also develop a specification of requirements on
designing, designing, installation,
commissioning, training of the consumer’s staff
and maintenance works. Supply of heat devices
Review of companies producing and
selling vortex heatgenerators (VHG)
The review by Elena N. Artemieva
Heat devices (vortex heatgenerators)
Price and performance attributes. Price are given with VAT
Electric engine capacity, kW 55 75 90 110 160
Voltage, V 380
Heated volume, cubic meters 5180 7063 8450 10200 15200
Water pressure at the output, MPa 0.15 ... 0.25
Heat carrier’s temperature, С 95
Mass, kg 700 920 1295
1715
Overall dimensions:

length, mm 2000 2000 2000 2400 2400

width, mm 700 700 700 980 980

height, mm 775
Operation mode automatic
Price, (roubles) 262000 280940 308900 416700 537460
24
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
based on our stations can be implemented in
the form of unit constructions. A heat supply
system of buildings and internal engineering
systems can be automated up to the level of an
individual automatic control system of the
plant. In case there is not enough room for the
heat unit inside the building, it is installed in
special containers as it was done in Klin, a town
in the Moscow region.
processes occur during rotation and forward
movement of the energy carrier in the system
under the influence of external forces. An
electric
pump device provides for pressure and
consumption of the energy carrier, which is
heated to the predetermined temperature
moving inside the suggested design of the
vortex device.
The vortex heatgenerator is meant for heating
of country
houses, cottages, greenhouses,
workshops and other quarters with square from
100 to 160 square meters (Modifications
“Vikhr
15, 22, 37” can heat considerably big
rooms up to 12,000 m2).
Vortex heatgenerator is completed with the
necessary fixings, has an automatic control
system, and a high transformation coefficient
(Tc) of electric energy, which was consumed by
the pump, into heat energy of liquid. Tc = 1.6 :
1.85 due to the special technology.
Calculation of affordability for a square
of 150 m2
“Centre-Les” company
http://www.tvg.ru/generator.shtml
Vortex heatgenerator. Patent # 26639 from
10.12.2002.
Field of application:
The vortex heatgenerator is an ecologically
clean heatgenerator of the new generation
without heating elements. It heats liquid by
transformation of kinetic energy of moving
liquid into heat energy. The heater is effective
and universal: it can be used for heat supply
systems as well as for hot water supply systems;
it can operate using water, antifreeze and other
liquids (chemicals, oil products, foodstuffs etc).
Only flammable liquids are an exception. The
hydro
vortex heater is a source of heat energy
produced due to physical processes (cavitation)
occurring in the system “liquid – device”. The
VHG
7.5 kW
Boiler’s work (hours/day) 12
Electric energy consumption (kW/day) 90
Electric energy consumption (kW/month) 2790
Expenses (rouble/month) 2790
Expenses (rouble/6 months) 16740
Building’s volume, m3
Building’s square, m2
Engine capacity, kW/hour
Consumed energy, kW/hour
Mains voltage, V
Working temperature, С
Heat output, kc/hour
Operation mode
Liquid volume in the system, l
Device’s weight, kg
Price, roubles
The warranty period is 12 months. Payment can be made in cash and cashless settlements of
100%. VHG is both a boiler and a pump.
Performance attributes and prices
VGH 3 VGH 5 VGH 7 VGH 11 VGH 22 VGH 37
150 275 375 550 1100 1850
50 100 125 180 360 600
3
4.5 5.5 7.5 11 22 37
2.5 3 4 5.5 12 22
380
65
90
2580 4730 6450 9460 18920 31800
automatic
40 60 90 200 400 600
50 65 90 180 350 460
47771 62930 74090 88815 116498 123659
25
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Heat Mains Heated volume Water outlet Mass, kg Price, $
devices voltage, V up to, m3 pressure, MPa/atm
HPS1
037 380 3250 540 11800
HPS1
055 380 5180 700 13300
HPS1
075 380 7063 920 14500
HPS1
090 380 8450 0.15/1.5
1295 15800
HPS1
110 380 10200 0.25/2.5 1350 20500
HPS1
160 380 15200 1715 25600
HPS1
400 6000/10000 40300 2500 agreed price
Performance attributes and prices
“Infico” company
http://www.infico.ru
The heat device (vortex heatgenerator) of
HPS1
055 is being made for order in 90 days.
Its price includes the prices of the electric
engine and the control block.
The devices are reliable, ecologically clean,
compact and highly effective in comparison
with any other heating devices.
Design and principle of operation
The heat device consists of a heatgenerator
(HG) made in the form of a cylinder with
disks of a special profile, inlet and outlet
fittings. The heatgenerator has a booster of
heat carrier motion and is connected with an
electric engine. The heat device has
measuring and control instruments.
Common data on control systems
A control system of the heatgenerator is
installed in a control cabinet.
The heat generation device can include
“Electric engine of the heatgenerator of
capacity from 37 to 160 kW”; “Electric
engine of the purge pump for the heat carrier
of capacity from 5.5 to 35 kW”; “Electric
engines of bolts with capacity of 1.5 kW”.
A switchboard is fed from a three
phase five

cable electric network system with earthed
neutrality of TN
C
S type with a voltage of
220/380 V, 50 Hertz.
A control board provides for:
• Notching of the heat generation device;
• Automatic control (barring/stopping) of
the heatgenerator according to a signal of the
heat carrier’s temperature sensor;
• Protective power cut during overload of
the heatgenerator, reduction of insulation
resistance;
• Protective power cut during stopping of
the purge pump for the heat carrier;
• Protective power cut during the heat
carrier pressure deviation from the
predetermined one (increase or decrease of
pressure);
• Remote indication of emergency
switching of the heatgenerator;
• Bolt control (an electromagnetic valve)
of the heat carrier resupply according to a
signal of the heat carrier pressure sensor.
The electric energy supply of the heat
generation device can be provided with
existing electric energy sources: switch
yards
with a capacity of 250, 400, 630, 1,000, and
1,600 kW.
The temperature of the heat carrier is 95C.
The operation mode is automatic. Head loss
is 0.012
0.02 MPa.
26
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
«Kaviton»
http://kavitov.boxmail.biz
The company sells vortex heatgenerators for
the heating of country
houses, cottages,
greenhouses, working areas and other areas
from 50 to 30,000 square meters. The producer
of the devices is “Acoil”, a company from
Izhevsk. The license production contract for
VHG #1 from 25.03.2003. VHG’s equipment
designer is a scientific company “Yutmar” from
Kishinev, Moldavia, in cooperation with “Acoil”,
a company from Izhevsk, Russian Federation.
Patent of the Russian Federation #2045715,
certificate #8 from 26.01.1994.
“Noteka-S” company
http://noteka.nm.ru/Instalations.html
Specialists of the company have designed an
optimal heatgenerator, which allows the
generation and maintainance of a cavitation
trail inside the liquid, twisted by vortex, not
contacting the generator’s walls. It allowed a
considerable increase in the efficiency of the
generator. Now it is produced according to the
The price does not include costs of automated
mechanisms, delivery or installation. At extra
cost, it is recommended to install a frequency
converter in the engine. It will provide for the
increase of the device’s output and also a
smooth start and complete defense of the
engine. Actual hour energy consumption on
average per season is from 10 to 30% from the
maximal capacity of the VHG. In case a two

rate meter of electric energy is installed,
expenses will be reduced by 30%. It is possible
to install electric engines of high voltage up to
10,000 V. Production takes from one to three
months depending on the specificity of the
order and payment conditions.
industrial patent #2223452 and the useful
model patent #16618. What is necessary for
the heatgenerator “NTK” to operate? A three

phase electric energy supply with a voltage of
380 V and cold water must be lead to the object.
Today vortex heatgenerators of “Noteka
S”
company heat buildings and constructions in
38 regions of the Russian Federation. They also
work abroad: in Sofia, Harbin, Riga,
Dnepropetrovsk, Alma
Ata, and Aktau.
Name of Voltage and Mass, Heated Length/ Price, $
device power, kW/V kg volume, m3 height,
asynchronous / mm
ac converter
fed.
VHG
1* 0.5/220 10 150 / 270 200/200 700
ВТГ
2 2.2/220 20 250 / 500 450/300 900
ВТГ
3 7.5/380 80 700 / 855 950/400 1350
ВТГ
4 11/380 95 950 / 1425 1100/400 1850
ВТГ
5 15/380 110 1500 / 2250 1250/400 2750
ВТГ
6 22/380 150 2000 / 3000 1300/400 3650
ВТГ
7 37/380 220 3000 / 4500 1300/400 5300
ВТГ
8 55/380 350 4500 / 6750 1400/500 6900
ВТГ
9 75/380 400 5600 / 8400 1600/650 9200
ВТГ
10 110/10000 520 8500 / 12750 1800/750 11300
ВТГ
11 160/10000 710 12000 / 18000 2000/800 13000
ВТГ
12 315/10000 1250 25000 / 37500 2200/900 17560
ВТГ
13** 500/10000 2300 50000 / 75000 3000/1000 25900
*Is under development.
**Depends on the type of the engine (asynchronous or ac converter
fed).
Prices are given in $ without VAT. Reduction of 5% is given when purchasing 10 and more items.
Performance attributes and prices
27
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
“TekhnoNEST” company
(4212) 33-94-21
The company is the only producer of heat
devices in the Far East. The devices based on
VORTEX HEATGENERATORS can be used
for heating and hot water supply for living,
public and working areas. Their output is from
2.8 kW and more, the coefficient of electric
energy transformation into heat energy is up
to 1.5.
“TekhnoNEST” company is carrying the design
and installation of machinery and
commissioning.
“Sobbit” company
sobbit@nm.ru
“Sobbit” company has begun to develop a new
activity, which is installation and service
(warranty and post
warranty) of electric
boiler
rooms using a vortex heatgenerator with
a capacity of 3 – 75 kW and more.
Operation principle: a liquid
carrier is fed
into a cavitation tube (the know
how) where it
is spun up until a vortex is formed. During this,
the vortex energy is extracted and liquid is
heated. The liquid
carrier can be water or
various antifreezes. The device is patented and
has a certificate of conformance.
“Sotsium XXI veka” company
http://www.sociym.ru/rus/
productionsr.html
VHG devices are used for autonomous heating
and hot water supply for living, public and
working areas.
VHG devices operate in modes of direct,
automatic and remote control taking into
account temperatures of environment air inside
and outside the area.
Efficiency of VHG
5 (coefficient of energy
transformation – CET) = 1.6 … 2.2. The
payback is one heating season.
The warranty service is made during 1 year. The
company sells licenses of production and sale
including foreign ones.
VHG
# Output, kW Heat output, kcal Weight, kg Price, $
1 5,5 12 40 2500
2 11 24 75 3500
3 15 33 110 4500
4 22 48 150 5200
5 37 80 220 6500
6 55 120 350 7500
7 75 180 400 10500
8 100 220 520 17000
9 150 330 710 27000
10 315 700 1250 52000
11 400 880 1550 84000
12 500 1100 1750 110000
The mains voltage is 380 V.
The electric engine’s revolutions are 2,900 rev/min.
The heat carrier’s temperature (water, antifreeze) is controlled: 35
95 °C.
*Prices are given with VAT.
Performance attributes and prices
28
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Phenomenon of electric current rotation in
nonlinear electric system
Violation of the law of charge conservation in
the system
G. Kasyanov
Irkutsk, Russia
Tel. 7-3952-423248
Geodim@yandex.ru
The description of an electrical nonlinear
device, which reliably works with efficiency of
more than 1, is given. For the first time, physical
processes in a circuit, which lead to the
formation of abnormally strong current at a
limited section of the circuit, were
experimentally registered. Due to them, the
mode of superhigh efficiency occurs. It was
supposed that a source of boosting charges
forming overcurrent was a physical vacuum.
Search of new energy carriers is being
developing all over the world. The reason is
clear: the widely used organic fuel is coming to
an end. Ecological problems are beginning to
concern even staunch optimists not to mention
pessimists.
Experiments conducted recently in different
countries prove that this problem has a
solution. It is a good sign that, for example, a
few dozen of electrical and mechanical devices
are known (patented) and operating with
efficiency of more than 1. This effect is being
explained by the suggestion that such devices
(or circuits) interact under certain working
conditions with an unknown and unused energy
carrier and obtain extra output from it. Many
authors think that this energy carrier is space

time, which contains (theoretically) enormous
energy reserves. The suggestion is proved by a
number of well
known experiments (Kazimir’s
effect, formation of the electron
positron
couple etc.).
In this case, the following questions are urgent:
which properties of the circuit or the operation
mode can cause generation of extra energy?
Which physical processes contribute to this?
The majority of devices and circuits with extra

high efficiency, which are known to the author,
are rotating systems. Construction elements,
liquids in useful capacities, electromagnetic
fields in circuits rotate. Most likely this
particular feature (rotation) can be considered
as a key to energy storeroom of space
time.
However, it is known that rotation itself cannot
cause any unexplained effects. But, for instance,
during the experiments of N.A. Kozyrev on
changing of weights of bodies [1], rotation was
accompanied by irreversible physical processes.
The result was positive.
In the given report, a phenomenon formed
during the operation of electric rectifying
circuit (irreversible process in the nonlinear
circuit), in case an element generating
current rotation is included in its load, is
described. The element is passive and has no
energy sources [2]. During operation with the
element, from the point of view of a stranger,
an obvious violation of the law of electric
charge conservation happens in the circuit. The
effect is the following: in case a sequential
circuit of the rectifier is used, a pulse current
appears in its sector (in the load circuit). It flows
through the load and diodes and its quantity
exceeds input current from the power supply
(the circuit of 220V, 50 Hertz) by 1.5 – 2
times. If the rectifier’s circuit is improved, it
can exceed by 3 times and more. The
overcurrent flows only along the closed
internal circuit: load – diodes of rectifier
bridge – element generating rotation
(converter). Naturally, reasonable belief
appears that overcurrents are caused by an
unknown auxiliary charge source.
29
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
This increase of current strength in a diagonal
of the rectifier bridge leads to generation of
output in the load of the experimental circuit,
which exceeds enter output by 2 – 4 times. It is
especially clear if incandescent lamps are used
as output indicators. The circuit demonstrating
this experiment is shown on Fig. 1 and 2.
Two identical lamps using ampere rating of 0.3
amperes were included in the circuit: one was
located between the voltage source (network)
and the rectifier and another was included in
the load diagonal. Both lamps were included
consecutively in relation to the voltage source
and, therefore, without the converter (Fig. 1)
and lit with the same brightness. During
inclusion of the load consecutively with the
converter’s lamp (Fig. 2), an unusual effect
occurs: converter is a passive element
containing active resistance but an
amperemeter included into the diagonal shows
that, in spite of losses, current increases there
and, accordingly, the lamp in the diagonal begins
to light much brighter. The lamp, which is
included between the voltage source and the
rectifier, does not react to the converter and
lights with the same brightness. The
amperemeter, measuring current through it,
shows that current from the external voltage
source does not change during inclusion of the
converter.
The circuit works sufficiently stably during this
operation mode. The above mentioned
measurements were carried out hundreds of
times and demonstrated an ideal recurrence.
During thorough investigation of the
operation mode of this nonlinear “exotic”
circuit, it was discovered that a free (proper)
process occurs in the load diagonal of the
rectifier. The reason of it is jumping of the pulse
current’s derivative in points of time when the
current is equal to zero. As a result, the
rectifying circuit plays a role of a peculiar
generator of free processes and they regularly
30
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Eagle-Research
Energy Solution since 1984
A research Organization that
develops & Distributes
Practical Energy-Saving
Methods and Devices
4 Energy Way, POBox 118
Porthill, Idaho 83853 USA
fax 1
250
492
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Technical questions to:
wiseman@eagle-research.com
Infinite Energy
magazine
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Subscription 6 issues per year
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485
4700
http://www.infinite
energy.com
occur in the load diagonal. Certainly, the current
of free process exists in the load circuit (lamp –
converter – diodes) besides current from the
external generator.
It is necessary to mention that the current of
free process has a reactive nature and does not
use energy of the external generator.
We must also pay attention to the fact that free
processes play a fundamentally important role in
the operation of the known “exotic” circuits, such
as Avramenko’s plug and Tesla’s resonance
transformer.
It is important for us, however, that the
occurrence of free processes in the circuit is caused
by peculiarities of change of electromagnetic
field’s energy, which is formed by reactive
elements of the circuit [3] and, thus, change of
the state of space
time adjoining the mentioned
elements. Two experimental facts exist: change
of electromagnetic field’s energy (change of space

time’s state) during the occurrence of free
processes in the circuit and significant increase of
current in this circuit accompanying occurrence
of free processes. Comparing these facts, a
supposition appears that the source of
overcurrent, which is formed only due to the
increase of quantity of elementary charges on the
given circuit’s section (the seeming violation of
the law of charge conservation is demonstrated
by this), is a local area of space
time where free
process exists. It can be caused, for example, by
occurrence of electron
positron couples due to
vacuum deformation [4] in the given local area
under the described conditions. Or, if we have
another initial supposition, it is caused by the
convergence of a unitron field, which probably
leads to the same [5]. In any event, reasons of
this phenomenon depend on real processes
taking place in physical vacuum.
Obviously, the occurrence of overcurrent in the
load circuit of the given circuit leads to the
abnormal increase of its efficiency.
Further research and development directed at
the increase of overcurrent in nonlinear
systems could lead to the application of this
method of extra electric energy generation to
industrial power engineering.
REFERENCIES
1. N.A. Kozyrev. Selected works. Leningrad, 1991, part 3.
2. Materials of application #2005106149.
3. N.V. Zernov, V.G. Karpov, Theory of radio circuits.
Energiya, 1972, p.347
349.
4. A.V. Rykov, Structure of vacuum and unity of
interactions,
http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Campus/
2025/articles/pv_r/pv_r.html.
5. N.V. Kosinov, Converging electromagnetic field as new
physical field forming matter.
http://www.random
m.nm.ru/kosinov2.htm.
31
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
«Perpetual motion machine» in questions and
answers or «again about magnetron”
V.I. Korobeynikov, Russia
elen@mail.infos.ru
Fig. 1. Trajectories of electrons’ motion in magnetron
A year has passed since the day the article “How
to correctly calculate efficiency of perpetual
motion machines” was published (New Energy
Technologies #2, 2004). There were a lot of
comments about the article. They were full of
surprise and misunderstanding of the effect.
One of the main arguments of my opponents
was the fact that a magnetron working in
standard and very popular domestic microwave
ovens does not demonstrate that it is “a
perpetual motion machine”. A watthourmeter
fixes a magnetron working in microwave ovens
very well and shows this quickly rotating. This
is right. Everything happens this way. At this
point interesting and strange things, in the
opponents’ opinion, begin. Why does not a
magnetron in standard microwave ovens
demonstrate that it is one of the oldest
WORKING (from 1937) “perpetual motion
machines” considered by official science?
In order to explain this, it is necessary to
remember the of basic principles of a
magnetron’s operation. It uses the motion of
electrons in the presence of two fields,
magnetic and electric, which are perpendicular
to each other. A magnetron is a two
electrode
lamp or a diode containing an accumulative
cathode and a cold anode located in the external
magnetic field. It is necessary to mention that
the anode (the anode block) of a magnetron has
a complex solid design with a system of
resonators. A magnetic field is created by a coil
with current (an electromagnet) or by a
permanent magnet (magnetron is placed
between its poles).
If there is no magnetic field, electrons coming
out the cathode practically without initial
velocity move in the electric field along straight
lines, which are perpendicular to the cathode,
and come to the anode. If there is a magnetic
field, the electrons’ trajectory is bent by
Lorentz force. If the magnetic field is big
enough, electrons’ trajectories do not cross
anode surfaces. In this case, no electron reaches
the anode. Trajectories of electrons’ motion are
shown on Fig. 1. The trajectory of an electron
32
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
is a cycloid circumscribed by a point
located at the circumference of a circle
evenly moving along the cathode. During
the motion of the cycloid, the electrons flow
slots of the anode block’s resonators, and strong
electromagnetic microwave frequency
oscillation occurs in them. High
frequency
energy from the machine is usually led out by a
loop or a coupling hole located in the outlying
part of one of the anode block’s resonators. We
must mention that the magnetron was designed
as a high
powered generator of electromagnetic
microwave frequency oscillation. All stated
above is just a very short note of complete
magnetron theory including almost all
electrophysics.
So, what did cause the misunderstanding and
mistrust concerning the idea that a magnetron
is a “perpetual motion machine”? A major
misunderstanding was displayed by some
“professionals” using a magnetron in radar
stations. This refers to most people using
standard microwave ovens. Under what
conditions does a magnetron become “a
perpetual motion machine”? It happens in case
an equation U / B2 = q . Δ2 / 2m is implemented.
This equation is very important. It describes
conditions when electrons coming out the
cathode cannot reach the anode and, therefore,
loop the circuit of the anode source. The
process continues while Ohm’s law does not
work (the anode circuit is open). Most
machines have magnetrons working in pulse
mode. What does it mean? It means that anode
voltage in a magnetron is pulse, has a certain
period and changes from 0 to its maximal value
and back. Pulse voltage in a standard
microwave oven changes from 0 to 2,000
3,000
and back to 0. The frequency of pulses is 50
Hertz. Will the equation U / B2 = q . Δ2 / 2m be
implemented? No, it will not, except one (two)
point during pulse.
Scheme of a magnetron switching on in a
standard microwave oven is shown on Fig. 2.
The pulse voltage of a high
voltage diode is led
to the magnetron. What happens then? During
the voltage pulse, an electronic
plasma cloud

rotor is formed in the magnetron and the high

voltage condenser is recharged. The circuit of
the anode source is looped (transient) and
Ohm’s law works. The anode current in
standard pulse microwave ovens reaches 0.3

0.5 ampere. These pulse transients are well
fixed by the watthourmeter.
What must be done in order to always
implement the equation U / B2 = q . Δ2 / 2m? It
is necessary to change the magnetron’s
operation mode into the mode of continuous
generation. The anode must not have a pulse
voltage, but permanent one of the value, which
allows implementation of the equation
U / B2 = q . Δ2 / 2m. In this case, the circuit of
the anode source opens (no anode current) and
Ohm’s law stops working. This situation is very
interesting. The anode source works idling and
the microwave output is generated at the exit
of the magnetron. As Ohm’s law is working, the
watthourmeter stops fixing the working and
generating output (energy) magnetron. For
example, in standard magnetrons with regular
ring permanent magnets, which are used in
microwave ovens, anode current (2
3
microampere) occurs during permanent (but
not pulse) anode voltage of 60
65 volt. For
anode voltage of this value, we cannot wait for
a significant value of “excessive” energy. This
anode current (2
3 microampere) must occur
during anode voltage of hundreds and
thousands of volts. In the event of this, the
output will be hundreds or more watts.
Permanent magnets must form a big magnetic
field. The electric field must be formed by an
external source, which works idly. Thus, this is
a “perpetual motion machine”!
So, everything is simple but not too much. We
must warn readers against an amateur
understanding of the existent processes. The
electronic
plasma cloud
rotor between the
cathode and the anode disperses with difficulty
after the anode voltage source is turned off.
What will happen in the electronic
plasma
rotor of the magnetron after the anode voltage
is turned off? This happens in the magnetron
during operation in the pulse mode. Rather
significant changes will take place in electronic

plasma rotor. Which changes exactly? We
suggest that readers remember or study
“Theory of motion of charged particles in
electromagnetic fields”. We remind once more
that the equation (working point)
U / B2 = q . Δ2 / 2m is very serious for the
function
characteristic (Fig. 1) of a magnetron.
33
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 2. Scheme of a magnetron switching on in a
standard microwave oven
This very point of the function is an insuperable
barrier in their consciousness, which does not
allow understanding that the magnetron does
not obey Ohm’s law (“perpetual motion
machine”). Lectures and practical training
concerning the magnetron at technical
universities often strengthen this barrier. For
instance, there is a wonderful laboratory
training #9 called “Research on magnetron
generator’s operation” at Saint
Petersburg
State University, in the radiophysics
department. During this training, magnetron
works in the pulse mode. In order to obtain
(change) the necessary parameters, the anode
current of the magnetron is set (changed).
Accordingly, the magnetic field is changed
either. Everything works well and causes no
questions. As we can see, voluntarily or not, the
laboratory training is emphasized at the
operation mode in the position to the left of
the point of the equation U / B2 = q . Δ2 / 2m. It
is not shown during the training that location
to the right of this point of the equation in the
continuous generation mode is possible too.
The location to the right of this point will lead
to a completely different laboratory training
concerning research of the magnetron as “a
perpetual motion machine”. Only this example
is enough to understand which gap in the
consciousness of technical specialists was set
by the equation (point) U / B2 = q . Δ2 / 2m.
Most scientific authorities feel anger regarding
the concept of the “perpetual motion machine”
and consider it pseudo
scientific. What does it
mean? It means that they do not have thorough
knowledge of magnetron’s abilities themselves.
Since 1937, the third generation of technicians
uses magnetrons keeping in mind this “pseudo

scientific” situation. We must compare a
magnetron with another “perpetual motion
machine”, which is Searl’s generator working
since 1946. An electron moving cycloidly is an
elementary magnet as a coil
loop with a current
or a magnetic roller of Searl’s generator.
Magnetic rollers of Searl’s generator have too
much dead weight concerning mass and HWD.
This makes Searl’s generators (mechanical
magnetrons) too big and heavy. A magnetron
has no dead weight in the form of heavy and big
molecules of magnetic material because it
works using only electrons. It is convenient and
profitable. The equation (point) U/B2 = q.Δ2/
2m is indirectly connected with Serl’s
generator. The electron, moving cycloidly in
magnetron, is a magnet and, therefore, must not
break this equation. Magnets (rollers) of Searl’s
generator must obey the same electromagnetic
equation. It is impossible to make miniature
«pocket
sized» Searl’s generators using
present
day magnets so as to obey this
structural equation.
In practice, a magnetron as a “perpetual motion
machine” cannot always generate much
microwave energy. In the event of this, it is not
necessary to lead it out of a magnetron. So, what
can we get from a magnetron? This is an
interesting turn. Practically every magnetron
needs forced air or water cooling of the anode
block. This shows that a great quantity of heat
is generated on the anode block. What prevents
us from using this heat for daily needs? Absence
of such magnetron electric heaters prevents us
from that. What will happen if such an electric
heater is switched on? The network system will
work idly and the watthourmeter will not
rotate. This is only one of the possibilities to
use a magnetron in the continuous mode
(“perpetual motion machine”) as an electric
heater neutralizing the watthourmeter.
In conclusion, I would like to ask all readers:
“Will such magnetron electric heaters appear
in the market and when?” Who is able to answer
this question?
The author is looking for investors and
business partners in order to develop
experiments in this field.
34
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
DETECTION OF REMOTE INFLUENCE OF
ROTATION ON RADIOACTIVE DECAY
I.A.Melnik
Siberian research institute of geology, geophysics, and mineral
migranis@mail.ru
1.Introduction
Numerous experimental researches of remote
influence of rotating objects on statistical
indications of gamma
radiation intensity of
radioactive sources in a circuit spectrum
displayed certain regularities of influence on an
excited nucleus and semi
conductor
spectrometry [1, 2].
It was discovered that, during a comparative
analysis of the statistical results of two
measurement modes (a non
rotating and
rotating ones), the following regularities are
displayed: first, during the rotating mode (in
relation to the static mode), indications of
gamma
radiation intensity decrease; second,
readings of gamma
quanta energy (pulse
amplitude) change to increase as well as to
decrease; third, a form of statistical
distributions can widen and become multiple.
The listed effects allow fixing the presence of
some factors of influence both on the
radioactive source and the registration
equipment, connected with rotation.
The rotation source was an electric motor with
various nozzles at the shaft. The rotation of the
electric motor forms a multi
component
physical field in the environment, which
influences the statistical distribution of a circuit
spectrum of gamma
radiation.
Due to this, it was necessary to conduct a better
experiment, which allows the division of the
influence of the investigated field’s component
and showing influence on an excited nucleus.
At the same time, it does not influence the semi

conductor detector (SCD). The rotation
influence on the radioactive isotope and
measurement of the aftereffect were spatially
divided.
2.Description of the experiment
Experimental research in order to discover
the influence of the field generated by
rotation on SCD has determined the
following regularity: the value of the
statistical distribution’s displacement is
directly connected with the time of the
detector’s charges collection.
During the rotation mode, collection time
decreases according to the static
measurement mode [3]. It was also noticed
that, during long
term measurement during
the rotation mode (several hours) and turning
then into the static mode, the peak’s
distribution during the static mode after the
rotation one changes insignificantly towards
a decrease according to the initial
measurements (before rotation).
Correspondingly, the effect of the
accumulation and memory in the
environment of influence on the excited
nucleus and detector is displayed. In order to
experimentally divide degrees of the
aftereffect influence on the detector and the
isotope a month after the last turning on of
the rotation mode, the following experiment
was carried out. First, 60 measurements of
the peaks’ square of the studied isotopes’
(Cs137, Co60) gamma
quanta without any
rotating objects were implemented. Standard
sources of gamma
radiation were used.
Then, within ~50 meters, in another room,
influence on the studied source was carried
out for 30 minutes. A generator of the
influence field was a steel disc of 90 cm
diameter and 5 mm thickness attached to the
electric motor’s shaft. A shaft’s pivot pin was
directed vertically according to the Earth’s
surface. The motor of 250 W power was
attached to the post. Its shaft rotated with
35
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
angular velocity of 6,000 rev/min clockwise
(view from above); the disc was located above
the radioactive isotope source strictly along
the pivot pin for the experimentally
determined distance from the source. After
the motor had been switched off, the proper
measurements were carried out in the first
room. The geometry was the same.
A semiconductor detector, a preamplifier, an
amplifier, and an analyzer were used as
measurement equipment. The square of full
absorption peak (the peak), which was
proportional to the quantity of registered
gamma
quanta, and the main point of the peak
(pulse amplitude), which was proportional to
photon energy, from different sources of
radioactive emanation were measured.
Data on the analyzed spectrum was processed
by "Search" program developed in Dubna.
The width of the energy resolution of the
analyzed peak did not exceed 3 kilo
electron

volt (keV). During a measuring hour, shift of
the peak’s main point towards an increase or
decrease did not exceed 0.5 keV.
At the following stage of the research, it was
necessary to register the change of the
radioactive isotope’s half
value period during
the remote influence of the rotating object.
One of the optimal radioactive sources for
this method can be an isotope Au198 with a
half
value period T1/2=64.7 hours and a
gamma
line energy of 411 keV. The studied
samples with certain gold content were
prepared using the saline Au[H Cl4]2H2O. The
dried saline had been packed up in aluminum
foil and irradiated at Tomsk research nuclear
reactor IRT
T. Two samples were prepared
(~0.25 cm2); one of them was a reference
sample (#1) while the second one (#2) was
influenced by anticlockwise rotation
according to the above described method. In
all, the period of the measurement of both
samples was 270 hours: from 10th to 21st of
May 2004. Total period of influence on the
second sample did not exceed 32 hours during
the time of the experiment.
In all, 37 measurement cycles of each sample
were carried out while one cycle consisted of
30 measurements of each sample, which
lasted from 20 to 95 seconds. The
measurement time was determined so that
the peak’s square was not less than 800 pulses.
On the 10th and 11th of May, 27
measurement cycles were carried out and
then, from the 17th of May, the other 10
cycles were carried out.
The reference sample was not influenced; it
was located in the room with the registering
equipment all the time. At the moment of the
reference sample’s measurement, the
influence on the second one continued. The
measurement geometry was the same; even
the angle across was kept the same using
marks.
During the experiment’s implementation, the
measurements’ quality control was carried
out during each spectrum collection. Quality
was assessed by the following parameters:
first, during significant voltage changing or
occurrence of leakage currents (due to
humidity increase etc.) the peak’s width
increased, i.e. energy resolution increased.
Accordingly, accuracy of the peak’s square
determination became noticeably worse.
Such factors as change of water and voltage
did not influence the peak’s square. The
influence was possible only if a shift of a few
units (keV) existed during spectrum
collection.
Second, due to the fact that the peak is a
Gaussian, it is characterized by the main
point (the first derivative of function, the
approximating peak, turns into zero), i.e.
location at the energy scale. During each
measurement, the main point of the peak was
registered. Analysis of statistical results was
carried out with a credibility value of 95%.
3.Analysis of experimental results
Let’s consider the obtained results of
experiments carried out using long
lived
isotopes. As it was mentioned above, if the
field generated by rotation of material
objects, which is not an electromagnetic
component, exists, the sufficient influence
force can appear and influence internal
36
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig.1. Dependencies of average values of the
peak's square standardized according to the
decay exponent and number of measurement
cycle, where 1 is the reference sample and 2 is
the second sample
structure of the excited nucleus. Due to this,
the first measurements had been carried out
before the influence of the rotating object
while the second ones were carried out after
that.
It is known that the peak’s square is quantity
of gamma
quanta of certain energy
registered by SCD. In this case, this value
characterizes the intensity of the excited
nucleus’ decay. Analysis of results has shown
that the average value of the peak’s square
for Cs137 decreases during the second
measurement in comparison with the first
one.
A statistical factor analysis of the obtained
data was also carried out. This allows
comparing samplings of the statistical results
of both measurements. A factor analysis
(Fisher
criteria) and a test “for average” have
shown that two samplings are different, i.e.
they are not identical objects.
During the measurement of Co60, two peaks
of different energies (1,332 keV and
1,173 keV) were formed simultaneously on
the screen of the analyzer (amplitude
spectrum). An amazing result was obtained:
for photon energy of 1,332 keV, during the
second measurement, the peak’s square
decreases in comparison with the first
measurement. Factor analysis has also shown
a difference of the two samplings while there
was no change in photon energy of
1,173 keV.
Thus, the aftereffect of rotating objects
influences the internal structure of the
excited nucleus and this influence can be
different for various states of an isomer.
If the field generated by the rotating object
influences the internal structure of the
nucleus, it is possible to detect a change of
the decay “constant”. For this purpose a β

active isotope Au198 was chosen. In case there
is no influence, the decay “constant”
(theoretical) has a value of λ=0.0107. A
statistical analysis of the obtained
experimental results of the two samples (the
reference sample and the second sample being
under the influence) was carried out.
Then, the decay “constant” was determined.
In both cases it was λ=0.0109. The first
noticeable thing is that the decay “constant”
differs from the theoretical value by 1.8%, i.e.
a half
value period of the gold isotope is 63.5
for each sample.
Due to the fact that the curve of the reference
sample differs from the theoretical curve,
The Pearson coefficient was calculated for
the last ten measurement cycles. The Pearson
coefficient was an agreement on the fit during
comparison of the experimental and
theoretical curves; it has proved their
difference.
Identical values of decay “constant” of the
two samples can show the presence of a
correlation of the gamma
radiation’s
intensity. After the regulation was carried
out according to the decay exponent, a
correlation analysis of the peak’s square
samplings between the two samples was
implemented. It has shown that the longer
influence on the second sample and the more
change of the intensity of the reference
sample coincides with change of the intensity
of the second sample (Fig. 1).
Fisher’s variance analysis shows that the time
factor significantly influences the average
statistical data, i.e. the period of influence and
point of intensity measurement time are
important.
37
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Then, we will consider the distribution of the
dispersion of the peak’s square sample values.
In this case, dispersion characterizes the
deviation scope of decay intensity and,
therefore, decay “constant” of the excited
nucleus from its true, theoretical value.
Exponential value of the first sample’s
dispersion differs by 10.8% from the
theoretical value while value difference of
the second sample is less than 1%, i.e. it
coincides with the true value. Thus, increase
of probability dispersion of the gold isotope’s
decay is more likely connected with
information dependence on the second
sample, which is being exposed to influence
at the moment.
According to the method of experimental
research, the studied isotopes can be
considered to be point radioactive sources.
The research has shown that influence of
remote rotation on radioactive decay of the
sources in different points of space is
different. That’s why, in order to increase
effects connected with rotation, it is
necessary to select an optimal location of the
emanation sources.
4.Discussion of the results
The implemented experiments have displayed
three new effects connected with the influence
of rotating objects on radioactive nuclei decay.
First, the decrease of a half
value period of an
excited nucleus; second, the correlation of
independent measurements occurs (it can be
connected with effect of quantum
(microscopical) nonlocal property); and third,
the more time of influence on the second
sample and time of measurement of the
reference sample, the less statistical deviation
from the average value of photon intensity of
the reference sample.
The effect of a microscopical nonlocal property
is displayed as a violation of Bell’s inequalities
during research of Einshtein
Podolsky
Rozen’s
paradox (EPR) [4]. The main point of the effect
is the following: during spin interaction of
quantum systems and their subsequent division
for a macro distance, information connection
is left between them.
Thus, the change of a spin of one system
causes an instantaneous change of a spin of
another independently of the distance
between them. If we consider the nuclei of a
gold isotope as quantum systems, which had
the spin interaction at an atom
nuclear level
in the saline, correlation of nuclear decay of
the two spatially divided samples is inevitable
if one of them is exposed to influence.
A rotating macro object is a source of
disturbance of the physical vacuum
environment while a vacuum is subjected to
the cross spin polarization [5]. As a result,
the spin influence on the internal state of the
excited nucleus is possible and, therefore, the
change of its parameters can lead to a change
of a decay “constant”.
Most likely, the process of influence through
spin states of excited nuclei of the second
sample’s isomers and their nonlocal
connection with nuclei of the first sample lead
to the mentioned effects. In this case,
decrease of statistical dispersion of gamma

radiation intensity of the reference sample
must be a consequence of the fact that, at the
moment of its measurement, spin
torsion
influence on the second sample is carried out.
The measurement of the second sample is the
investigation of aftereffect.
The author expresses his thanks to
A.F. Sudyko for active participation in the
experiment implementation.
References
1.Melnik I.A. // Izv. vuzov. Fizika., 2004, 2,
p.15
18.
2. Melnik I.A. // Izv. vuzov. Fizika., 2004, 5,
p.19
26.
3. Melnik I.A. // New Energy Technologies,
2005, #1, p.59
70.
4.Vizhje Jean
Pierre. Report on Einshtein

Podolsky
Rozen’s paradox // Problems of
physics: classical and modern. – M.:Mir, 1982,
p.227
254.
5.Akimov A.E., Tarasenko V.J. Models of
polarized states of physical vacuum and
torsion fields.// Izv. vuzov. Fizika., 1992, 3,
p.13
23.
38
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Aether mechanics
V. Toporov
“Aliye Parusa” club, Verhnaya ulitsa, 1,
Votkinsk, Udmurtskaya resp., 427439, Russia.
Tel. +7-34145-5-24-91
Aether is a material medium filling all world
space including that which we live in.
Aether is a real gas, which has particles called
“amers”. They are very distant from each other
in comparison with their size, like stars in the
sky. However, “amers” have very high density,
so high that the average density of aether
exceeds the density of any metal by many times.
I gave the basis of this in the article called “Air
and aether as sources of living force” and also
in other articles. The basis resulted from an
analysis of nature of centrifugal force from an
aether standpoint.
Aether engines
An aether engine is implied as a mechanical
system, which is able to obtain energy from
aether fields.
On Fig. 1, a swinging device with leaden loads
is shown. It can swing for some days after a light
push. We used loads up to 75 kg each.
We have made swinging devices with loads of
the same form but different weight.
Heavy loads swung with less resistance than
light ones. Loads obtained energy from aether
Fig. 1. Swinging device with loads
Fig. 3. “Mikhaylo” device: a disc is rotating in a
housing with a helium medium
due to the change of attraction to the Earth in
different moments and in various ways. In some
cases, swinging amplitude increased.
Fig. 2. Swinging device with loads and vibrator
On Fig. 2, a design of the swinging device is
shown. A small electric motor of 4 volts (it
worked using battery) was taken from a toy
and installed at the bar near one of the loads. A
leaf with an eccentric load of 3 grams was fixed
at the motor’s axis. During vibrations made by
this motor, the entire system of 160 kg swung
in vertical plane with acceleration or without
damping. Friction, air and hunting do not have
acceleration influence in this case.
When using other, more flexible bars with more
powerful vibrators (an electric fret
saw), the
amplitude increased by 15 cm during one bar’s
swing.
39
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 4. “Novogodniy” aether engine
Fig. 5. Inertia device “Radj”
We also tested various discs. “Mikhaylo” device
is shown on Fig. 3.
A disc weighing 300 kg is put in a waterproof
housing. After the disc had been turned by a
starter, the housing was filled with helium (its
viscosity is less than air viscosity). During this
process, the disc was rotating (with speed of 3
rev/sec) with so small resistance that its full
resistance was 2 times less than friction drag in
a bearing.
During another experiment, the same disc,
though without the housing, could rotate
continuously for any amount of time and also
increase speed up to 1 rev/sec if friction in the
bearing had been artificially made equal to zero.
The disc can be seen on Fig. 4 (the horizontal
disc).
A vertical disc with diameter of 1 meter is rigid
at the horizontal shaft of this device. A figured
cam is rigid at the same shaft. The shaft and the
disc rotates in relation to pintle (in the center
of the round table) and in relation to their long
axis, i.e. the disc can circle leaning on the cam.
Due to cam’s profile, motion is happening with
acceleration and braking. During direct motion,
the value of acceleration speeding
up is more
than value of braking speeding
up. Due to
different change of inertial mass, the disc
obtains an unbalanced accompanying impulse
of inertia during direct motion and retro burn
during backward motion.
The difference of motion characteristics in one
side or another allowed to determine work
made by the change of body forces under aether
influence. Gravity participates in the disc’s
operation, too. So, it is a mass
gravity aether
engine.
Light discs (made of foam plastic, wood) were
also tested. Under other equal conditions they
were rotating with higher resistance though
they had much less resistance in bearings.
Discs with diameter from 0.125 to 1 meter were
used. While diameter increases, total specific
resistance of the disc highly diminishes. It is
advisable to make a disc of a bigger diameter (2
meters and more). It can rotate without helium
and under normal friction.
This will be a perpetual motion aether machine
like planets.
Aether movers (inertia devices)
We imply that mover is a mechanism, which can
be used for pushing off and movement in space
(for example, wheel, screw propeller, flapping
wing etc.). In the given case, we will discuss a
40
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 6. Testing of “Radj” inertia device on water
mechanism, which can be used for pushing off
from aether. The physical meaning of the
mover-inertia device lies in the change of
inertia mass of the body under aether
influence depending on kinematic motion
parameters (speed, acceleration and its
derivatives: speed of acceleration, acceleration
of acceleration etc.).
Many attempts have been made to build an
inertia device using inertia. However, their
theoretical bases had no convincing physical
foundation: they had to push off from a vacuum
given to us by Newton. Besides, experience of
enthusiasts is greatly important in this case as
it gives information about the creation of a
theory of such movers.
The physical meaning of inertia is aether
resistance to body acceleration. This
resistance is equal to the product of inertia mass
of body and its acceleration; it is directed
against acceleration.
The influence of speed on inertia mass is
observed during swinging of very long
pendulums with relatively small amplitude
when acceleration is small and its influence is
much less than the influence of speed. As an
example, the reader can take Foucault's
pendulum.
In 1931, in Petersburg, in St. Isaac’s Cathedral,
a pendulum with a length of 98 meters and a
swing time of 19.8 sec with amplitude of ±5
meters was installed (unfortunately, today this
Fig. 7. “Radj-2” mover
41
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
remarkable pendulum has been taken away and
stored in an archival depository of Cathedral
museum). The calculation of swing time of this
pendulum taking into account the mass of
hanging line (about 10 kg) and the mass of the
pendulum (54 kg) according to the formula for
physical pendulum (known from school) gives
a value of period equal to 19.5 sec. This lack of
coincidence of 1.5 per cent corresponds to
increase of inertia mass by 3%.
We would like to ask readers from Saint
Petersburg to define more exactly the length
of the pendulum from the point of suspension
to floor of the cathedral. Perhaps, there are
people (astronomers, physicians, amateurs)
who measured the pendulum some way.
In Paris, in the Pantheon building, a pendulum
with a length of 67 meters, mass of 28 kg and
swing period of 16.4 sec has been installed. In
this case, an increase of swing period (and
pendulum mass) in comparison with the
calculated value is observed.
We are very interested in the value of the swing
period of this pendulum (and others) with small
amplitudes (less than ±0.3 meters) and
thickness of hanging wire. We would like to ask
people who are in Paris to carry out these
measurements and let us know. We will be
grateful for any data on these and other
pendulums installed in other cities.
On Fig. 5, “Radj” mover is shown. Its loads are
put in action using muscular energies. It allows
moving by a small cart even upward with a light
slope. Later we installed it on a raft and the raft
began to move (Fig. 6). I have furrowed the
whole lake by it.
“Radj” traction on earth (floor, asphalt) was 1.6
kg (according to dynamometer, according to
acceleration speeding
up) with wheels’
resistance of 1.7 kg. It would take force of 3.3
kg to reach the same acceleration by outer
traction. Moving downhill, we obtained
nonstop motion producing a front traction as
well as a backward one of about 1 kg. When
using the raft on water, traction was less: 0.4
kg. It is advisable to let the inertia device
installed on the raft move coasting
backlash
back and forth, for example, put it on wheels
and fix by a rubber band from behind.
Traction of “Radj
2” (Fig. 7) was inessential:
motion of the inertia device’s body and two
people were lacking in the event of the loads
(right and left) moving with a phase shift by
half
period. In the event of no phase shift, this
binary mover did not fundamentally differ from
“Radj” and developed two times more traction
than “Radj”.
On Fig. 8, “Karteziy” mover is shown, which
works using an electric motor of 12 volts. The
mover is located to the left end of the bar.
Fig. 8. “Karteziy” inertia device with small loads at the left end of the shaft;
supply voltage is 12 volts.
42
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 9. Design of “Karteziy” inertia device
During operation, this aether mover
produced tractive force of 18 grams and
accelerated the bar up to a speed of 1
revolution per 2 seconds.
Design of “Karteziy” inertia device is shown
on Fig. 9. The electric engine m2 is hung on
the bar m1 through a steel spring. The bar can
rotate on pintle. A leaf is fixed on the engine’s
axis; loads m3 and m4 are located on the leaf
at different distances from the axis.
During operation, the bar rotated for some
period of time, picked up speed and, after
electric current switching, turned in some
circles mechanically. Motion of the bar is
nonstop, i.e. friction in a bearing of pintle is
always directed against motion and cannot
produce propulsive burn in any way.
Windage cannot produce traction either
because the highest speed of the leaf (at the
bottom) is directed against the motion of the
bar.
The motion of bodies is rather peculiar. The
bar, for example, can produce only vertical
motions while traction of the mover is
maximal and equal to 18 grams.
The distribution of loads m3 and m4 at the leaf
and their value and correlation plays an
important role and can change the direction of
tractive force to opposite direction.
Then, we attached the engine directly to the
bar (to this one and another, which was
longer and more flexible) without the spring.
The bar could move up and down again but
did not move left
right at all (during rotation
of the leaf) neither obeying the centre of
inertia’s motion theorem nor the law of
impulse conservation.
During this, the tractive force and speed of the
bar’s end motion up to 2 m/sec was obtained
(using a longer bar) in horizontal plane as well
as in vertical plane. The engine rotated with a
speed of about 20 Hertz. During each
experiment, a certain speed corresponding with
the distribution of loads on the leaf was
required.
Movers hanging on a textile line were tested,
resulting in a stable twisting of thread.
Now we are developing aether movers without
vibration.
Another testing stage of aether movers is
necessary: in space. Due to solar energy,
such a mover can produce traction for any
period of time. It is clean, simple, and
convenient.
43
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
If it will be found that traction force does not
decrease in space in comparison with traction
on earth, the mover can be used as a
transformer of solar energy to kinetic energy
of spacecraft with efficiency more than one.
After aether energy stations (engines) are
developed, the mover can be put in action by
them. Motor devices of aircrafts, submersible
crafts and others can become fully
autonomous.
As we work, the traction of movers grows.
Conclusion
Modern aircrafts and modern energy, with
the small exception, pollute and infect the
Earth’s biosphere.
News from USA
2005 Notice of Funds
Availability
Renewable Energy Systems and Energy
Efficiency Improvements Grant,
Guaranteed Loan, and Direct Loan
Program. Notice of Funds Availability
(NOFA) Inviting Applications for the
Renewable Energy Systems and Energy
Efficiency Improvements Grant Program
DATE ISSUED: March 28, 2005
AGENCY: Rural Development, USDA.
SUMMARY: Rural Development announces
the availability of up to $22.8 million in
competitive grant funds for fiscal year (FY)
2005 to purchase renewable energy systems
and make energy improvements for
agricultural producers and rural small
businesses. Of the $22.8 million, $11.4 million
will be setaside through August 31, 2005, for
guaranteed loans.
These funds will be administered under a final
rule to be published in the Federal Register
later this fiscal year. Any guaranteed loan
funds not obligated by August 31, 2005, will
be made available for competitive grants
under this notice. In order to be eligible for
grant funds, the agricultural producer or
rural small business must demonstrate
financial need. The grant request must not
exceed 25 percent of the eligible project
costs.
DATES: Applications must be completed and
submitted to the appropriate United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA) State
Rural Development Office postmarked no
later than 90 days after the date of the
published notice. Applications postmarked
after that date will be returned to the
Applicant with no action.
More information at
http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/farmbill/
2005NOFA/nofa05navigate.htm
The main energy carriers have limited reserves;
they are a reason of wars and crises.
The development of flapping wings and aether
engines can contribute to solution of these
problems.
Joint operations of all people interested in this
topic including students, teachers, scientific
organizers, artists… and inventors are necessary.
We would like to mention that Peter the Great
personally worked at the problem of the
perpetual motion machine. His
correspondence with a famous German
inventor Orphireus remains!
You can know more details about our work at
the subject of aether here:
http://www.maholet.aero.ru.
44
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
On basics of potential dynamics
E.I. Linevitch, Russia
205837@mail.ru
We conceive it as usual and matter
of
fact that
similar things of everyday life can be shown by
different means (prose, music, ballet, painting
etc.) and forget that particularly physical
processes can also be described (researched) by
different methods and means. Authors choose
the corresponding tool of description according
to the authors’ skill (and even art) to use these
tools and the possibility to translate the results
into a common language. Particularly, there is a
statement in quantum mechanics that it is
impossible to describe quantum effects in the
context of the classical geometrical images
[10]. This erroneous opinion is transferred from
one manual of physics to another due to the
fact that originators of quantum physics were
high
class mathematicians, but they did not
have the ability to think creatively. We do not
consider creative thinking as just mental
designing of geometrical objects and
observation of their interactions. The most
important thing in creative thinking is the
ability of a person to turn (to be plunged)
oneself into a physical process, to become this
process mentally, to feel it inside and outside.
This ability allows quickly finding solutions
where the mathematician is useless.
During the last decade, a number of new effects
with entirely unusual physical developments
have become known including, for example,
electrohydraulic effects remarkable because
“excessive” energy is generated in the vortical
environment while, during electropulse
influence, new elements and “unknown
radiation of a new type” occur. In E.
Podkletnov’s experiments with a quickly
rotating superconductive disc, a possibility is
shown to change the gravity field. G.I. Shipov
and A.E. Akimov demonstrated the
transmission of information signals without
time delay. B.V. Bolotov has developed “The
table of chemical elements of the second
generation” and new methods to get them
(www.bolotov.com.ua).
It is possible to give more examples of effects,
which are beyond the limits of traditional
physics, while specialists from the USA
obstinately develop a regular global project of
finding gravity waves within the limits of
general relativity (GR). The authors of such
projects either did not understand yet that
irreversible reorganization of fundamental
ideas of the physical world’s system has already
began in people’s minds or the fertile field of
GR is still profitable pork for its supporters.
I suppose that no gravity waves can be
discovered within the limits of GR. This theory
describes physical processes from within these
processes. Their common fundamental nature
is supporting interaction. What are gravity
waves? They are waves of oscillation (shift) of
a local center of masses of the universe. The
center of masses, however, always stays static
during supporting interaction. The center of
masses of the local part of the universe (as a
physical body) can be moved only by
unsupported interaction and, therefore, gravity
wave will be created.
During supporting interaction, a force can be
generated only by two methods: dynamical and
E.I. Linevitch
45
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
potential. By analogy with them, during
unsupported interaction, the generation of
dynamical and potential methods of forces’ is
also possible. An accelerative mover of
Linevitch
Ezhov [9] is a particular example of
a dynamical method (for details see
www.linevitch.narod.ru). An example of a
potential method is a rotor horizontally
rotating in a gravity field [3]. The value of
antigravity (this term means force of inertia
(or its component) directed oppositely to the
force of weight) is very small for a single rotor.
Moreover, it is decreased by a number of
factors. In a multi
rotor system, however, under
certain conditions, the antigravity value
increases according to a non
linear dependency.
The unusual effects occurred in the
experiments of E. Podkletnov, G. Shipov
– A. Akimov, which were recently found
out, can be actually considered as various
appearances of interaction of matter with
gravity waves, which appear during the
change of the physical state of multi-rotor
systems (i.e. a potential system consisting,
particularly, of atoms and molecules with spins
oriented in gravity field). The possibility to
increase the anti
gravity effect by a potential
method was described in a report called
“Geometrical basics of the Hayasaka
Takeuchi
experiment with rotating rotors” [1]. The
author presented the report at a scientific
conference in Petrozavodsk in 1993. The report
remains little known to the majority of
specialists, however, we believe that, despite
past years, its urgency has even increased.
Let’s imagine a physical point moving from its
initial state in two orthogonal directions
simultaneously, with constant speed. In the
event of registering a traversed path in equal
time periods, we obtain rectangles with
uniformly accelerated squares while a role of
acceleration is played by the speed squared. Due
to this, it is logical to call it square acceleration.
The rectangle obtained by this method imitates
gravity surface while square acceleration shows
speed of its square’s change.
If we multiply square acceleration by the
distance to gravity center, we will obtain cubic
acceleration, which shows the speed of change
of the gravity volume, which is limited by
gravity surface. In astrophysics, this value is
called a centric constant. It is a mathematical
constant, and we have showed its physical
meaning.
If the center of physical body’s masses is moved
in such a way that its square acceleration is
square acceleration of a gravity surface, the
body will hang in the air (will levitate). An
attempt to move it away from the gravity
center will lead to the appearance of a thrust
aiming at bringing it back. An attempt to bring
it near the gravity center will lead to
appearance of a repulsive force aiming at
bringing it back. Transfer of the body from one
gravity surface to another is possible only if a
self
resonant frequency of the body is changed
(i.e. the frequency of the linear oscillator in the
event of linear
oscillatory motion of the body,
and the rotor speed in case of the rotating
rotor). We will call this state of the body in a
gravity field a steady state [3], and this state is
submitted to another condition, which consists
of quantized frequencies and radii. As applied
to the rotor, its own speed must be by an integer
more than self
resonant frequency of gravity
surface, where it is located (and which coincides
with its own first circular velocity), and its
radius of gyration must be by an integer less
than the mentioned surface.
Self
energy of a rotor’s rotation is quantized
too. It can exceed energy, which is necessary
for location at the given surface. In this case
the own pivot pin of the rotor must be an angle
with a horizontal line not equal to 90є. Possible
orientation angles will be quantized, too, and
the change of the orientation angle will lead to
displacement (transition) of the rotor to the
according level. Time asymmetry can be
observed during this process: the time of
transition to upper level is less than the return
to the lower. Only a certain, minimal quantity
of rotors with the corresponding set of
parameters, such as radius, self
speed, self

energy, moment, orientation angle, and
direction of rotation, can be located at each
gravity surface in a static state. Self
speed of
the rotor and its self
energy in the physical
meaning coincide with quiescent frequency or
quiescent energy of particle in quantum
mechanics. Rotor’s transition into a static state
means the appearance of its inert duplicate (a
copy) [4]. The process is the following.
46
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
gravity mass at the transversal. If the potential
energy of the rotor is multiplied by the period
of rotation around the gravity center (with the
first circular velocity), we will obtained the
constant P, which analogue in quantum
mechanics is Planck's constant: P = m•V•2•R,
where m – mass of the rotor, V – tangential
speed, R – surface radius [8].
Let’s suppose that somehow the rotor, while in
a static state, obtained additional speed, which
is tangential to the surface. In this case, its
movement will be a circular sinusoid not taking
into account gyro
effects (it is circular relative
to the gravity center). The more frequency of
the sinusoid, the more its speed (and,
accordingly, kinetic energy). Due to tops of the
sinusoid, the rotor will periodically be higher
than its static gravity surface. In quantum
mechanics, it coincides with the location of the
electron outside the limits of the potential well
with probability, not equal to zero. Due to the
fact that the rotor is in a kinetic moment, gyro

effects will occur. One of their results will be a
precession of a rotor’s blade around the axis
connecting its center with the gravity center.
All shown examples of the rotor’s behavior are
related to the case when the gravity surface
(Earth) is not rotating. Things happen the
following way on the rotating surface.
Being in the initial state, the rotor already
rotates together with the globe around the
gravity center because it is influenced by
antigravity of daily rotation. In the eveny that
angular velocity of the rotor’s own rotation
coincides with the Earth’s one, the resulting
speed related to the gravity center will be equal
to their difference; in the event of
counterrotation, the resulting speed will be
equal to their sum. An obvious analogy of the
Fig. 1.
1 - rotor mass 175.504g,
inertia radius 2.26cm;
2 - rotor mass 139.863g,
inertia radius 1.85cm.
Lines are computation;
points are experiment
Let’s suppose that a rotor’s speed increases
from zero to the first circular velocity during
one revolution (this condition is not obligatory,
an explanation is just more obvious this way).
The inertial mass of each atom of the rotor was
in the common center of masses Earth–rotor
before rotation. During the process of starting
the rotor, it is extracted from the common
center of masses and transferred according to
a trajectory in the form of a conic turn (moves
along the side surface of the cone: from its top,
which coincides with the common center of
masses, towards the base, which is the rotor
itself). In a static state, the rotor geometrically
contains two numerically equal masses: gravity
mass and inertial mass, which is dynamically
symmetrical against the gravity one [4]. The
resultant mass is equal to zero along the vertical
pivot pin of the rotor and it is equal to the
47
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
relative addition of speeds can be the parallel
motion of trains with different speeds in the
same and different directions.
During uni
directional motion of the globe and
the rotor, weight of the rotor will not change
until its linear speed exceeds the Earth’s speed.
On medium latitudes, all bodies have a diurnal
speed of about 350 m/s. In order to overcome
it, a standard aviation gyroscope (the author
could experiment only with such gyroscopes)
must be turned to a frequency up to
1,800 Hertz! It is much easier to obtain an
antigravity effect by counterrotation of the
rotor and Earth.
The gravitation intensity of the globe first
increases proportionally to the distance to its
center and, then, when the distance is more than
R0 (Earth’s radius), it decreases proportionally
by a square of the distance. The surface of the
change of the gravity gradient’s distance
(SCGGD) does not mainly coincide with solid
surface. In most cases, it is higher (due to the
presence of an air atmosphere) and has
complicated relief due to the fact that the
deposition of earth’s layers and their density is
irregular. Moreover, SCGGD can lower itself
to the Earth’s solid surface in places of
planetary breaks of the earth's crust.
In case the rotor is located lower than SCGGD,
it means that it is located in the potential well
(where intensity increases if height increases)
and, independently of the direction of rotation,
its weight will not change until the frequency
of its spin exceeds the value of the well’s depth.
The standard gyroscope must increase spin by
30 Hertz for every 0.1 m/s2 of the growth in
intensity of gravity.
One of the consequences of the Hayasaka

Takeuchi experiment [2] is the direct
confirmation of the fact that SCGGD lowers
itself to a solid surface near the planetary break
of the earth's crust (Japanese islands are located
right along Pacific break). Another factor,
which indirectly confirms this, is the longer life
interval of the Japanese, in comparison with
other countries. We suppose that the reason of
this is not the use of seafood, as some specialists
think. The point is that, during the decrease of
gravity intensity, the speed (drift) of all
processes slows down (rest mass of matter
particles decreases) and all living objects grow
old slower [5]. The same effect is observed
among population of some mountain regions:
gravitation intensity is somewhat less there
than on plains (inhabitants of mountain Caucasia
and Tibet have longer average life interval than
inhabitants of plains). The higher intensity, the
quicker speed of all processes (rest mass of matter
particles increases) and all living objects grow old
faster. A cosmonaut at a height of 300 km is in the
zone of gravity intensity equal to g = 9.3 m/s2. If
he spends there, for example, 60 years, after
returning he will look much younger than his
coevals, who stayed on Earth.
The author obtained a formula to assess the
change of bodies’ weight (rotating or oscillating
at horizontal plane) [1]. According to it, a
calculation and comparison with experimental
results for two rotors were carried out. The
figure attached illustrates the high accuracy of
the calculation coincidence with the
experimental data.
Besides the above mentioned parameters, its
pivotal length influences on the rotor’s
antigravity. In the work [1] a result of numerical
computation of atmospheric spout’s height is
given, which turned out to be close to the
known measurements. Using the same ratios,
it is possible to find the change of bodies’ weight
depending on temperature (in any aggregative
state) [6].
For practical purposes, it is necessary to obtain
antigravity, which exceeds the rotor’s weight.
Theoretical and experimental results, at first
glance, show the impossibility to solve this task
in the near future. The only parameter, which
allows a significant change of the rotor’s weight,
is its speed but the barrier of metal’s strength
prevents its increase. A rotor made using carbon
fiber (the strongest known material) begins to
ruin at a speed of less than 2 km/sec.
Nevertheless, there is a possibility to find a way
out of the impasse.
In order to describe quantitatively different
dynamical processes, a parameter of “speed”
was introduced. Its dimension is meter per
second. These physical notions were introduced
by people in their day
to
day activity starting
48
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
i.e. the materials, which are pushed away by
gravity fields of planets; implementation of
information reception and transmission etc.
In conclusion, let’s presume the following
supposition. If we think that any mental
(creative) constructions are real (or existing),
it is possible, for example, to reduce the universe
located outside the globe to the field of the
Earth’s radius and expand everything located
inside the Earth’s area to an endless universe. A
conclusion follows that, in a micro
world, our
nuclear
physicists conduct their experiments
with mathematical points (i.e. with empty
space), which coincide with the centers of
masses of material objects actually occupying
the volume of the entire universe. From this a
supposition follows that, when going deep into
the macro
world, a force appears and increases,
which acts from the direction of space and
compensates centrifugal force of any rotary
motion. It must exist on a macro
scale, but at
the same time it is too small to be registered by
any existing devices.
References
1. Linevitch E.I. «Geometrical basics of Hayasaka

Takeuchi experiment with rotating rotors». Report at
the 2nd scientific conference of CIS “Unified theory of
the world and its practical application”. September 20

21, 1993. Petrozavodsk, Russia.
2. Hayasaka H., Takeuchi S. Phys. Rev. Lett.
V.63.
P.2701
2704.
3. Linevitch E.I. Antigravity effect of physical bodies.

Habarovsk: «Mart», 1991.
4. Linevitch E.I. Dynamical symmetry of the universe.

«Nature and abnormal effects» #1
2, 1995, p. 6,
Vladivostok.
5. Linevitch E.I. On the technical possibility to control
time speed.
«Graviton» #8, 2002, p. 10
11.
6. Kishkintsev V. A. Galilean Electrodynamics, 1993.
V.4, #3, P.47
50.
7. Forward R. L. Journal of Propulsion and Power.
1989 #1, p.28
37.
8. Linevitch E.I. Analytical deduction of physical
constants on basis of classical conceptions. November,
1999 (from correspondence with “Graviton” editors and
bradleu@usra.edu).
9. Linevitch E.I., Ezhov A.F. Inertia mover.
«New
Energy Technologies» #3, 2004, p. 12
15.
10. Astahov A.V., Shirokov Y.M. Physics, v. 3. Quantum
physics// Edited by Y.M. Shirokov.
M.: Nauka, 1983.
11. Shipov G.I. Theory of physical vacuum: Theory,
experiments and technologies. 2nd edition, revised and
supplemented edition.
M.: Nauka, 1996.
12. Abramov I.M., Brehman I.I., Lavrov B.P., Pliss D.A.
«Effect of synchronization of rotating bodies (rotors)».
Diploma #333. Journal «Otkrytiya izobreteniya» #1, 1988.
from their own mentality. Nature, however, has
neither meters nor seconds. Physical processes
are caused either by motion of matter and space
or its absence and motion can be generated not
only by a concentrated displacement.
We will introduce a new variable and call it mass
rate. It will show quantity of the rotor mass
crossing its radial section. Its dimension is
kg/s. We can say that mass rate characterizes
the speed of the rotor expressed through its
mass.
Let’s imagine now a mechanical system
consisting of a big quantity of identical rotors
with parallel pivot pins; their direction and
speed are the same. Thus, mass of the system is
increased by a whole number of masses while
the period of revolution stays the same, that’s
why the mass rate of the system increases by
the same increment. As we see, mass speed of
the system grows proportionally to the
quantity of rotors. Volume is connected with
mass and is proportional to change, at the least,
of one linear dimension. Due to this, the linear
speed of the system also increases by a whole
number of times (although it is impossible to
indicate both the trajectory of the system’s
rotation and the rotation radius). Hence,
square acceleration of the system will be
proportional to the square of quantity of rotors.
Due to the fact that the mass of the system is
bigger than the mass of one rotor by a whole
number of times, antigravity of the system will
be proportional to the quantity of rotors raised
to the cubical power. It is necessary to
remember that all rotors must rotate
synchronously (the run of any two rotors must
be less than quarter of a turn).
Some time ago it was an irresistible problem
but it was solved on its own after the discovery
of the self
synchronization of multi
rotor
systems by Russian scientists in 1988 [12].
The potential method of antigravity
generation can be used together with the
dynamical method [9] for motion in space. It is
possible to create artificial gravity fields in the
local area with any intensity value. This gives a
wide range of technologies: particularly,
generation of any mater from any source;
production of materials with “negative weight”,
49
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Time-reversed Amperian
Currents
The key to FREE ENERGY, Antigravity and
Time Travel
Time
reversed Amperian
Currents!
I just uploaded the requirements drawing here:
http://www.intalek.com/Index/Projects/
GMF/ComplexElectronFlow.jpg
The drawing on the left details the method by
which to create cold current. Its done by
canceling a time
forward magnetic field B due
to Amperian Current. An opposing external
magnetic field is applied causing the electron
to rotate its velocity from the real axis to the
imaginary axis. A time
reverse magnetic field
jB is created during the process.
The drawing on the left details the complex
flow of an electron, which can move forward or
backward in time. Under the influence of a time

reversed electric field jE, the electron is moving
backward in time jV, and so it’s referred to as
"cold current". The flow of cold current creates
a time
reversed magnetic field jB.
Since the NEGATIVE relativistic mass is
contained within the magnetic field, this field
is dissipated as anti
photons. The weight of the
device within a gravity field will become lighter
due to this removal of mass. The FREE
ENERGY mechanism is directly correlated to
time
reversed Amperian Currents.
Unlocking the secrets of this universe...
William S. Alek
INTALEK, INC.
PHONE/FAX: 219.924.2742
3506
43rd. Place
Highland, IN 46322
3129 USA
mailto:alekws@intalek.com
http://www.intalek.com/
New Ideas
50
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Hypothesis of heat transformer
Perpetual motion machine of the second kind
V. Filippov, Russia
evaton@inforos.ru, ruslab@ostrov.net
http://ruslabor.narod.ru/index2.htm
published with abridgements
Description of the invention
I, a citizen of the Russian Federation, Vladimir
Filippov, born on the 9th of October 1950 in
Tomsk, in 2002 made the following invention
in the field of thermodynamics:
The possibility to design a heat transformer,
which transforms heat energy of the
environment into heat energy of higher
temperature without energy consumption (or
work production, which is necessary in the
known cycles of Carnot, Stirling and others) is
discovered.
The mentioned opportunity is classified in
thermodynamics as a perpetual motion
machine of the second kind, which is impossible
to design. However, this opinion is not shared
by scientists such as Loshmidt, Tsyolkovskiy
and others (journals “Russkaya mysl”, Moscow,
“Obschestvennaya polsa”) and also our
contemporaries (Yakovlev, Zayev, Rodionov,
Oparin etc.).
As the background and an analogue of the given
invention, Loshmidt and Tsyolkovskiy’s ideas
of a temperature gradient, which is
spontaneously generated in bodies under the
influence of a gravitation field, were taken. The
temperature gradient of the earth’s atmosphere
and stratum proves this but practical use of this
existing effect is difficult due to the smallness
of the gradient caused by the weakness of
gravity forces.
In order to eliminate this disadvantage, it is
suggested to create a temperature gradient in
bodies located in the field of electrostatic forces.
Conducting of this requires certain
organization and state of bodies.
As the simplest device, we take two spheres
(other forms are possible) located one in
another with the common center in such a way
that a spherical cavity is formed between them
and fill this cavity with ionized gas (for example,
positively charged ionized nitrogen). We charge
the internal sphere negatively while it is
dielectrically isolated both from ionized gas and
its own internal space; the external sphere is
made of dielectric. Under these conditions, by
analogy that happens in the earth’s atmosphere,
the temperature (and pressure) gradient must
occur in ionized gas (due to influence of
coulomb forces). The gradient’s value can be
sufficiently big (for practical use) because we
can influence it with the help of quality of the
internal sphere’s charge, ionization degree and
quantity of gas, and sizes of spheres. Thus,
external layers of ionized gas and the
external sphere will have a temperature
lower than the environmental temperature
and internal layers of ionized gas and the
internal sphere will be higher than the
environmental temperature (under
according values and ratios of charge quantity
of the internal sphere, ionization degree and
quantity of ionized gas, size of spheres,
calculated with the help of the superposition
principle).
Hence, in case we initially and once charge the
internal sphere, fill the spherical cavity with
ionized gas (using limited quantity of energy),
provide for heat supply of the external sphere
(with the help of advanced heat
exchange
surface and cooling of the external
environment) and heat abstraction from the
internal sphere under a temperature higher
than the environment temperature, we will get
a constantly operating heat transformer with
an unlimited quantity of heat input and output
51
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 1. The device
52
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
(perpetual motion machine of the second kind).
As additional application of the given discovery,
it is possible to discuss the possibility (under
created practically unlimited parameters of
matters’ state) of the production of new
materials.
Explanations
I begin to explain from Evgeniy Oparin’s work
called “Physical basis of no fuel energy
engineering. Limited nature of the law of energy
degradation”, p. 49
56. Moscow, 2003.
“In 1876, J. Loshmidt expressed a hypothesis
that the temperature of gas located in a
gravitation field linearly depends on height.
Correctness of the hypothesis would have
denoted irreceivability of the law of energy
degradation in the gravity field. Concerning
this issue, a sharp scientific discussion emerged
between L. Boltsman and J. Loshmidt.
Tsyolkovskiy has shown that any finite
difference of heights ΔH corresponds with a
quite certain differential temperature ΔT in gas
in the stationery state in gravity field, and ratio
of differential temperature to difference of
heights ΔT/ΔH is not equal to 0, or within the
limits with ΔH→0:
dT/dH is not equal to 0
K. Tsyolkovskiy has obtained the value of the
static vertical temperature gradient in gas in a
stationery state in a gravity field very simply
and clearly according to the law of energy
conservation. He considered the fall of a mass
m at a height of ΔH coinciding with the change
of gas potential energy ΔП by the value:
ΔП =
mg H
He supposed that the change of potential
energy of gas molecules according to the law of
energy conservation coincides with the change
of kinetic energy of gas molecules, i.e. leads to
imparting heat to gas:
ΔQ = mCv T
In this equation, Tsyolkovskiy used Cv (heat
capacity of gas under constant volume)
mentioning that: “Although a part of work
Fig. 2. Temperature field
53
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
during the fall is likely spent on gas pressure
but, actually, this work does not exist because,
if we suppose atmosphere balance, no pressure
and no expansion of gas happens”.
Comparing right parts of the above mentioned
equations, we will obtain the value of the
vertical temperature gradient in the
atmosphere:
dT/dH =
g/Cv
Due to the fact that g is not equal to 0 and Cv is
not equal to 0, we obtain Tsyolkovskiy’s
inequality:
dT/dH =
g/Cv is not equal to 0
Using the equation dT/dH =
g/Cv,
Tsyolkovskiy obtained the value of a stationery
vertical temperature gradient in the
atmosphere, which is equal to 14 K/km. (The
given value is not extremely accurate,
according to evaluation of Tsyolkovskiy
himself. Gradient principle is important – V.
Filippov’s comment).
Loshmidt has found a good confirmation of his
hypothesis in dependence of water temperature
on depth in artesian wells. Tsyolkovskiy saw
confirmation of linear dependency in
temperature change during shaft deepening as
well as in the earth’s troposphere.
V.F. Yakovlev not only proved theoretically by
different methods that the dependency of
temperature on height must be linear in
potential fields, he also showed experimentally,
using a centrifuge, that gas temperature
depends on its potential energy in a potential
field of centrifugal forces.
Thus, not permanent temperature but
temperature gradient is formed in macroscopic
systems, everywhere where it is impossible to
disregard the influence of potential fields.
In the work “Law of degradation of energy”,
K.E. Tsyolkovskiy showed that the gravity field
is not the only condition of heat transmission
from a colder body to a warmer one in
macroscopic systems. He wrote about
conditions, under which the law of energy
degradation has limits: “Perhaps there are a lot
of them… possibly it is gravity or maybe
molecular forces. Do we really know nature
completely? Or do we know only a drop from
the immense ocean of Universe?”
Thus, “a black phantom of global death”
inevitably follows from absolute nature of the
law of energy degradation. But K.E.
Tsyolkovskiy, taking the gravity field into
account, saw “eternal youth of Universe”,
according to E.G. Oparin.
Energy balance of the device operating
in motor mode
Balance of input heat energy of the
environment and derivable work in the device
is the following. We set the device with ionized
gas (by variation of quantity of electric charge
on the internal sphere, quantity and degree of
gas ionization, and also, possibly, by other
parameters) and form temperature span in it:
600K in a hot layer near the internal sphere and
300K in a cold layer near the external sphere).
We do not take into account energy expended
for the internal sphere charging because it is
made once for an unlimited quantity of cycles or
time of the permanent operation of the device.
Efficiency of Carnot cycle for accepted
temperatures:
η = (Thot–Tcold)/Thot =
= (600
300)/600 = 0.5
We consider the device’s operation gradually
(cyclically) with heat exchange under constant
temperatures and infinitesimal temperature
differences.
1. We conduct heat exchange (through the wall
– internal sphere) between the agent (hot
source) and the internal hot layer (600K) of
ionized gas transmitting heat energy to the
agent, for example, 100 j. Ion energy in the
sphere decreases accordingly by 100 j. *
1.1. Then, we use this heat energy, 100 j, in the
heat device’s cycle (Carnot) and transmit all
that is necessary, according to Carnot cycle, in
the environment by the standard method (if
environmental temperature is 300K). We
54
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Perpetual motion machine of “the second kind”
Method of operation and power assessment
S.N. Dunayevskiy
sn_doonaevsky@mail.ru
obtain a yield of 50 j.
2. We carry out heat exchange (through the
wall – internal sphere) between the
environment agent and the external cold layer
(300K) of ionized gas transmitting heat energy
of 100 j to ionized gas (from the environment
agent) and, therefore, renew the initial heat
energy of gas in the sphere and initial state of
ionized gas with the temperature diapason of
600/300K.**
The cycle is closed. We have yield of 50 j.
First, we transmitted 50 j to the environment
during Carnot cycle and then took 100 j from
it; as a result, we took 50 j from the environment,
i.e. as much as the yield we obtained.
Of course, operation of the device can and must
be conducted not during the cyclic mode but
during the nonstop run.
Besides, if sputtering (vacuum technology) of
an effective surface thermocouple (according
to A.V. Kosarev) on the internal and external
spheres was conducted, it is possible to take
electric energy directly. In this case, it is still
necessary to lead the environment agent but
not necessary for the hot source (agent) to
circulate and not necessary to conduct the heat
device’s cycle.
Of course, there are still questions, for example,
what does state function (temperature,
pressure, density in arbitrary points of the
sphere in dependence on tension, ionization
degree, sizes etc.) of ionized gas look like and
what is (in rigorous description) the equilibrium
position of ionized gas in field of potential
forces. How and at what speed does renewal of
equilibrium position of ionized gas happen?
___________________________
* We ignore the decrease of ion temperature during the
process of energy transmission (100 j) to the hot source
(agent) due to the fact that enthalpy of ionized gas is
much bigger in comparison with 100 joules given to the
agent and also due to the idealization of cycle.
** Renewal of ionized gas’ state to the initial state, of
course, must be proven and confirmed experimentally as
well as the existence of a gradient in the field of potential
forces, although, intuitively and taken into account works
by A.V. Kosarev on impulse degeneracy according to
Brussels schools of physics, I suppose it is most likely
possible. Perhaps I will have to conduct experiments in a
vegetable store because academic science does not need
it: it is not interested in the earth’s field.
Annotation
Description of a closed thermodynamic cycle,
in which the value of work made by the labour
body of the heat device is equal to quantity of
heat generated by its heater, is presented.
Realization of the cycle will allow the creation
of heat devices (motors) with qualitatively new
properties. Such properties will be either the
highest efficiency of motors and minimal
consumption of fuel or the possibility to
operate using matter of the environment as a
heater of the labour body. The devices realizing
this possibility will have characteristics of
“perpetual motion machine of the second kind”.
The assessment of the accessible available
capacity of such devices is given.
1.Introduction
According to current opinion, all properties of
processes, in which heat energy is transformed
into energy of other types, are consequences of
thermodynamics’ postulates (its first and
second laws). The second law of
thermodynamics, formulated by M. Planck [1],
prohibits the existence of the process, which
would only result in the transformation of all
55
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
heat taken from the heat reservoir (the heater
of the motor’s labour body) in mechanical work.
According to another equivalent formulation
of the second law [2], the efficiency of any heat
device, which realizes a closed thermodynamic
process (cycle) by its labour body in a certain
temperature interval, is limited by the efficiency
of Carnot cycle for this interval. In [3] – [8],
the existence of closed thermodynamic cycles,
during which the labour body of the heat device
produces mechanical work of value equal to
quantity of heat taken from the external heat
reservoir (the labour body heater), is proven.
Descriptions of the construction diagrams and
the operation of devices realizing cycles with
these energy properties are given in [3] – [5].
Evidences of the existence of the cycles, during
which full transformation of heat in mechanical
work happens, are logical consequences of the
first law of thermodynamics. The fact of such
cycles’ existence contradicts the mentioned
formulating of the second law.
It is obvious that, if consequences of one
physical law contradict formulating of another,
they both cannot be universal. Thus, a
conclusion follows from the fact that
contradictions exists between consequences of
one thermodynamics postulate and the
formulating of another: one of these postulates
is not universal. Since there are no doubts in
the universal nature of the first law of
thermodynamics (law of energy conservation),
we must refuse the doctrine of universal nature
of its second law’s formulating, i.e. we must
acknowledge that situations can possibly exist,
when some of the formulating does not work.
This is confirmed in [9] – [12].
2. Full transformation of heat into work
happens during the cycle when
aggregative state of the heat device’s
labour body changes.
Then a cycle is considered, which allows
realizing the process of transformation of heat
obtained by the labour body of the heat device
from its heater into equivalent mechanical work
in the simplest way.
The cycle’s attributes are the following:
• The labour body of the heat device
produces a yield during the process of adiabatic
expansion from the initial state of the cycle:
• In this process, the matter of the labour
body changes its aggregate state forming a
heterogeneous system from the equilibrium
phases of liquid and prime steam;
• Expansion comes to an end when the
density of the liquid phase’s matter becomes
equal to the initial density of the homogeneous
labour body;
• On completion of expansion (with minimal
temperature of the cycle) phases of the labour
body are separated from each other by a hard
diathermal partition;
• The heterogeneous labour body is
adiabatically pressed to initial density keeping
the heat balance between phases and the
constancy of volume and mass of the liquid
state’s matter;
• Parts of the labour body separated by a
diathermal partition are united in the initial
volume;
• Heat contact between the labour body and
the heater is made;
• The labour body is heated isochorically up
to initial temperature of the cycle by heat
produced by the heater.
Processes of the cycle by T
S diagram are
shown on Fig. 1. A border of two
phase state
regions of the labour body is formed by
diagrams of specific entropies’ temperature
dependencies of Sl(T), Ss(T) of equilibrium
phases of the used matter’s steam and liquid.
Minimal temperature of the cycle Tmin can be
chosen at will from an interval within the limits,
which are melting temperature Tmel and critical
temperature Tcr of the matter. A lot of possible
initial states of the labour body in the cycle are
presented by a section of the isochore limited
by points 3 and 5 with parameters of
Tmin,Sl(Tmin) and Tmax,Ss(Tmin). Initial density of
the labour body in the cycle is equal to density
of matter in the liquid phase under minimal
temperature. The process of adiabatic
expansion of the labour body from the initial
state with parameters of To,So is presented by
the section 1
2. Points 3 and 4 are states of
equilibrium phases of the heterogeneous labour
body under minimal temperature of the cycle.
States of matter of phases remote from one
another during the process of adiabatic
56
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
compression of the heterogeneous labour body
are presented by the isochore section 3
6 and
the curve 4
6, which shows states of steam
phase matter in the process. Heating of the
unified matter of the labour body by external
heat is shown by the isochore’s section 6
1.
Construction diagram of the device offered for
realization of the cycle [13] is shown on Fig. 2.
The operation process in each cylinder is the
following:
The initial state of the labour body coincides
with the extreme low position of the piston.
Valve 5 is open and heat valve 7 is closed. The
homogeneous labour body is adiabatically
insulated from the heater and the environment.
Upward motion of the piston is accompanied
by the adiabatic expansion of the matter and
its division into phases of steam and liquid.
Liquid flows down and fills a capacity under
partition 4. Infill ends when the piston is in its
extreme high position. Valve 5 closes dividing
the labour body phases from each other. During
backward motion of the piston compression of
the steam phase matter and adiabatic heating
of all heterogeneous matter happen. Its
temperature is less than the initial one at the
moment of the piston’s returning to the
extreme low position. The matter’s returning
to the initial state is attained by opening of
valve 5 and heat valve 7. Heat moving through
heat system 6 isochorically heats the unified
matter of the labour body to its initial
temperature. After the heating is completed,
valve 7 closes and a new working cycle begins
in the cylinder.
3. Use of the cycle for yield production
by transformation of free heat taken by
the environment from the matter.
Evaluation of accessible capacity of the
heating device, which realizes the process.
If maximal (initial) temperature of the labour
body is chosen less than environment
temperature in the described cycle, heat
transformed into work can be transferred from
the matter to the labour body without
mechanical work consumption, i.e., in this case,
the environmental matter can function as the
heater of the heating device’s labour body. It is
Fig. 1
57
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Fig. 2.
1- a heater with a temperature higher than the initial temperature of the labour body during the cycle;
2- cylinders (there can be any number of them in the device) containing the labour body in capacities
limited by the cylinders’ walls, their ends and moving pistons 3;
4- a hard diathermal partition in the cylinders and valves on them 5 designed for division of the labour
body’s phases;
6- systems for heat transmission from the heater to the labour body in the cylinders:
7- heat valves for the renewal of the adiabatic insulation of the labour bodies in the cylinders;
8- a crankshaft and a flywheel on it;
9- mechanisms connecting pistons in the cylinders with the crankshaft
seen from Fig. 1 that, among a quantity of
possible initial temperatures of the cycle
presented by ordinates of the isochore 3
5
section’s points, there will be sufficiently low
temperatures if either the critical temperature
or the melting temperature of the matter is less
than the external temperature.
Real matters meeting these needs are, for
example, Ar, N2, CO2 and others. A heater of
the device designed for transformation of heat
taken from the environment into work must be
made as a heat exchanger, through which
external matter flows. The average capacity of
the device is equal to the quantity of heat
transferred during a unit of time from
environmental matter to the labour body. In
order to provide for stable operation of the
device, a part of the produced capacity must be
spent on matter’s flushing through the heat
exchanger. The available capacity is equal to
the difference between the average capacity of
the device and the capacity used for flashing.
The ability of the heat exchanger to supply
heat to the labour body is determined by the
following parameters:
• the difference of environmental matter’s
temperatures ΔT measured at the input and
output of the heat exchanger in the flow
running through it;
• square S of the section of the canal where
the flow runs;
• the speed of environmental matter’s flow
at the heat exchanger’s input;
• the physical constants of environmental
matter (density ρ, molecular weight m, heat
capacity Cv).
58
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Evaluation of the accessible capacity of the
device realizing the process of free heat
conversion is presented by the formula [7]:
Vnorm
molar volume of gas under normal
conditions.
As an example, the following values of
quantities in the formula are taken:
ΔT = 10K; Cv ≅ 5 cal/degree•mole;
S = 0.25 m2; Vnorm = 22.4 l/mole; m ≅ 29 g/mole.
Design factors of the device are S and ΔΤ. Their
values also determine the size (capacity) of the
device. During the optimal operation mode of
the device with these parameters’ values,
The available capacity of the heat device realizing
the process of transformation of free heat taken
from environmental matter into work can be
compared (with similar HWD) with the capacity
of heat devices of known types.
4. Conclusions
1. Closed thermodynamic cycles exist, in which
positive work performed by the heating
device’s (motor) labour body is equal to the
quantity of heat transferred to the labour body
from the external heat reservoir (the heater of
the labour body). Proofs of cycle’s existence
are logical consequences of the first
thermodynamics’ law.
2. Existence of thermodynamic cycles with
such energy properties displays the presence
of a contradiction between the first
thermodynamics law and some admitted
formulation of the second law. In order to find
out the solution, it is necessary to refuse the
doctrine of universal character of all the second
law’s formulations and admit that the
adaptability of some of them is limited, i.e.
situations are possible when these formulations
do not work.
3. A fact of existence of thermodynamic cycles,
the realization of which will provide for full heat
transformation into work, displays the
possibility to design heat devices (motors) with
quantitavely new properties.
4. Heat motors, which transform all high

temperature heat generated by fuel
combustion into work, will have higher
efficiency than existing motors. Their efficiency
will be sufficiently higher than the Carnot
cycle’s efficiency in used temperature intervals.
Increase of accessible efficiency up to values
close to 1 will allow every user to cut fuel
consumption by 2
3 times and decrease the
pollution of the environment by combustion
materials and diffused heat.
5. Realization of the discovered opportunity to
perform work by the transformation of free
energy taken from the environmental matter
will lead to the design of devices, which have
properties of a “perpetual motion machine” of
the second kind. Evaluation of accessible
capacity of such motors lets us suppose that
their practical development and wide use in
different technology fields is expedient. Quality
advantages of the suggested devices over the
known sources of free energy (hydraulic, wind,
solar, geothermal etc.) will be the independence
of their efficiency from the environment (place,
time, weather etc.) and a big specific output
(per unit of the device’s capacity). New sources
of free energy will allow users to satisfy their
needs for energy or heat with maximal economy
and complete ecological cleanness. The
autonomous operation of these devices will
provide users with independence from known
external sources of energy, heat, and fuel.
6. Consumer qualities of the suggested devices
(economy, portability, ecological clearness, the
possibility to change available capacity within
wide limits) will create an unlimited market for
them. Businessmen, who organize their
production and sale in sufficiently large
quantities, will be well
provided for high and
stable profit.
References
1. M.Planck. “Vorlesungen Thermodynamik”
Berlin, J. 1954.
59
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
2. R.Feynman, R.Leighton, M.Sands. “The
Feynman lectures on physics” London, j. 1963.
3. S.N. Dunayevskiy. “Effect of full heat
transformation into work”. Application # OT

11036 for the grant of a diploma of invention.
Archives of State Committee of the USSR of
inventions and discoveries. 1984.
4. S.N. Dunayevskiy. “Method of transformation
of heat, which is taken by the labour body of the
heat motor from the heater, particularly, heat
obtained from the environmental matter, into
mechanical work and the device for its realization”.
Industrial patent of the Russian Federation
#2101521. Official bulletin of the Russian patent
and brand agency. Moscow, 1998. #1, p. 337.
5. S.N. Dunayevskiy. “Possibility of almost
complete transformation of heat energy into
mechanical energy”. “New Energy” journal, Saint
Petersburg, 2003, #4, p.7.
6. S.N. Dunayevskiy. “Possibility of complete
transformation of heat energy into mechanical
energy”. “Issues of present
day science” journal,
Moscow, 2004, #2 (17), p. 211.
7. S.N. Dunayevskiy. “Thermodynamic cycle,
which realization will allow transformation of all
heat obtained by the heat device’s labour body
from its heater into mechanical work”. “Natural
and technical sciences” journal, Moscow, 2004, #5
(14), p. 54.
8. S.N. Dunayevskiy. “Perpetual motion machine”
of the second class. Functioning theory. Expected
performance attributes”. “Natural and technical
sciences” journal, Moscow, 2005, #2 (publication’s
in process)
9. A.I. Veynik. “Thermodynamics of real
processes”. Minsk, Nauka i tehnika. 1991.
10. N.E. Zaev. ”Fuel
less energetics“. The journal
“New energy technologies”, Sankt
Peterburg.
2002, N 2(5), p. 6.
11. E.G. Oparin. “Physical grounds of fuel
less
energy. Limited nature of law of energy
degradation”. Moscow, 2003, “Urss” publishing
house.
12. S.V. Tsivinsky. “Basis of renovated
thermodynamics”. “Natural and technical
sciences” journal, Moscow, 2004, # 4 (13), p. 39
13. S.N. Dunayevskiy. . “Method of practically
complete transformation of heat into work,
particularly, transformation of heat obtained from
the environmental matter, and the device for
realization of the method”. Application for the
grant of a patent #98110398/06. Official bulletin
of the Russian patent and brand agency. Moscow,
1999. #2, p. 241.
CD “New Energy Technologies”
All the back issues of 2001–2005 are
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Svetlana Shlenchak,
Manager, Faraday Lab Ltd
60
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
One hundred seven years ago Nikola Tesla
published the results of his experiments on the
resonance method of electric energy
transmission [1, 2]. Today only a historic
marker is left from his famous electrical
laboratory in Colorado
Springs, USA (Fig. 1,
2); his patents are unknown, and Tesla’s
transformer was mentioned in manuals of
electrotechnology only up to 1940 [3, 4].
Resonance methods of electric energy
transmission were found useful for high
frequencies in radio engineering and
communication engineering and they are also
used on low frequencies in electrothermics.
In the beginning of the XX century, there were
no diodes, transistors, lasers, TV and solar
batteries; and three
phase networks on
frequency of 50
60 Hertz successfully coped
with the task of transferring electric energy in
quantities ranging from some W to thousands
of megaW for a distance of 100 – 1,000
kilometers [5]. Due to this, Tesla’s works on
electric energy transmission have been
gradually forgotten since his death [6].
In connection with development of integrated
power systems in Europe, North and South
America and suggestions on the creation of a
global power grid of Earth, problems of
designing devices for transmission teraW
transcontinental flow of electric energy
appeared [7, 8]. Problems of electromagnetic
safety and reliability of power supply along with
the quickly growing cost of lands can be
completely solved during the change from air
transmission facilities to cable high
voltage
lines. But cable systems of electric energy
transmission for a long distance are possible
today only using direct current. The third
method can interfere in the competition
between systems of electric energy transfer
using direct and alternating current: the
resonance waveguide method of electric
energy transmission on heightened frequency,
which was proposed by Tesla in 1897 for the
first time [9].
In the thirties of the XX century, the theoretical
basis of the use of a single conductor as the
waveguide in order to transfer electric energy
on high frequency was developed [10]. Current
in cylindrical waveguides is closed in the form
of biasing currents flowing along the
waveguide’s axis; and current in the single
waveguide is closed in the form of biasing
currents in the environment around the
conductor. In connection with the presence of
a phase shift, surface charges appear on the
surface of the single opened conductor between
waves of current and voltage. They create
coulomb exciting electric fields and these fields
lead to the occurrence of coulomb currents in
the conductor [11]. Thus, a potential electric
field is generated in the conductor, which
provides for charges transfer and current in the
conductor. The described processes have an
electrostatic nature and are accompanied by
small losses in the conductor. If we take two
condensers, one of them charged, and make a
closed circuit of these condensers, the
conduction current in the closed circuit will
create Joulean losses in conductors connecting
the condensers.
However, if we connect a charged spherical
condenser by a single conductor with an
uncharged sphere, charges transfer from one
sphere to another will not be accompanied by
Joulean losses. In this case, a circuit is opened
and there are no conduction currents in there.
Surface charges in the single conductor
waveguide change in time and create a biasing
current in the environment around the
conductor, which is closed by a current in the
conductor excited by the potential coulomb
Development of resonance methods of electric
energy transmission in Russia
D.S. Strebkov,
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Russian Federation
1st Veshniakovsky proezd, 2, Moscow, 109456, Russia
+7-095-171-19-20
61
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
electric field. It is known that biasing currents,
unlike conductor currents, are not accompanied
by the generation of Joulean heat [12].
No heat is extracted during current flow
through the conductor excited by the voltage
of the coulomb electric field.
N. Tesla wrote that processes of electric energy
transfer in his resonance high
voltage systems
have electrostatic nature and, due to this, have
low losses.
In the USSR, revival of resonance technologies
of electric energy transfer began from works
of an engineer of the All
Union
Electrotechnical Institute in the name of
V.I. Lenin (VEI) S.V. Avramenko. In the eighties
of the XX century, he developed and patented
single
wire electric systems with a power of
10 – 100 W and voltage of 1 – 100 kV.
S.V. Avramenko used thyristor frequency
converters of 1 – 30 Hertz and his own capacity
of Tesla’s step
up and step
down transformers
in order to generate resonance. Since 1990,
these works were developed in the All
Union
Institute of Agricultural Economics (VIESH),
where S.V. Avramenko worked as an engineer
(combining jobs) in the laboratory of electrical
equipment use (the head of the laboratory was
a candidate of technical science A.I. Nekrasov).
In his patents [3, 4], S.V. Avramenko referred
to N. Tesla’s works, however, that time he did
not know Tesla’s patent [9] for the single
wire
system, thus, he practically invented and made
it again (Fig. 3, 4). S.V. Avramenko wrote [13,
14]: “It is necessary to say that energy transfer
using a single wire was demonstrated by Nicola
Tesla as long ago as in 1894. But no concrete
information about the realization of this
experiment is known”. In fact, N. Tesla’s patent
[9] (Fig. 3) and numerous articles in [1], and
also more than 300 pages containing the
description of N. Tesla’s experiments in his
laboratory in Colorado
Springs [2] contain
large volumes of data on the single
wire
resonance system (RS) of electric energy
transmission developed by N. Tesla.
Obviously, at the time when S.V. Avramenko
wrote his patents, he had no access to the works
[1, 2, 9]. In order to rectify current and voltage
Fig. 1. N. Tesla in his laboratory in Colorado-
Springs, 25 – 31 December 1899. [2]. The
picture is published with the permission of N.
Tesla’s museum in Belgrade.
Fig. 2. Professor D.S. Strebkov next to the
historic marker in honour of N. Tesla in
Colorado-Springs, 27 February 2004.
Fig. 3. Electric circuit of N. Tesla’s device
for resonance system of electric
energy transmission [9].
62
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
in the one
wire line, S.V. Avramenko offered his
famous “Avramenko plug”, a diode
condenser
block, which was unknown to Tesla because
there were no diodes in XIX century. Still the
“Avramenko plug” is a component of the known
voltage
doubling circuit or monophase input
of any bridge rectifier (Fig. 6).
Using properties of reactive cold plasma
occurring as a result of the single
wire line’s
break, S.V. Avramenko developed and patented
electro
an plasma coagulator, which is
successfully used in veterinary medicine,
cosmetology and medicine [15, 16].
Our acquaintance with S.V. Avramenko began
after his letter addressed to the secretary of
the Central Committee of the CPSU Egor
Ligachev, where S.V. Avramenko suggested
using his invention for the development of the
electric supply of remote customers in rural
regions with small line losses. E. Ligachev’s
instruction to investigate and prepare
suggestions was transferred to VIESH through
the head of the Ministry of Agriculture
M.P. Kharin. A commission of VIESH’s
academic council was formed. S.V. Avramenko
gave a speech in front of the commission and
demonstrated the work of a fan with an electric
motor of 5 W and a lamp during an electric
energy transfer over the single
wire line from
the power circuit of 220 V, 50 Hertz. Scientists
of VIESH approved S.V. Avramenko’s work and
suggested using the new method for the electric
energy supply of remote rural regions.
S.V. Avramenko was invited to continue
working on the resonance single
wire electric
system (RSES) in the department of electric
power supply and the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences assigned 100,000 roubles for the
production of equipment and conducting of
research. Using this money, transmitting and
receiving blocks of the resonance electric
system with power of 100 W and voltage of
10 kV were produced in VIESH with the
assistance of S.V. Avramenko.
In the nineties, D.S. Strebkov was invited to
N. Tesla’s museum by a director of the Institute
of Chemical Current Sources in Belgrade,
Doctor Petar Rakin. With his financial support,
D.S. Strebkov visited the museum and got three
volumes of Tesla’s works in English, which were
Fig. 4. Electric circuit of power supply of
transmitting (a) and receiving (b) devices by
Avramenko for resonance transfer of electric
energy [13]. (here and then notations on figures
are explained in the text)
Fig. 5. S.V. Avramenko’s plug for current
rectifying in the single-wire line [13]
Fig. 6. Circuit of voltage doubling (a) and circuit
of monophase input of three-phase bridge
rectifier (b).
63
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
we prepared the first patents of the Russian
Federation for RS use in mobile energy
engineering. VIESH has been developing
electric tractors with cable power supply for
many years, and we decided that the use of RS
would allow decreasing the weight of the cable
drum from 3 tones to 30 – 50 kg and improving
the reliability of mobile aggregate’s power
supply. We have invited S.V. Avramenko as a
co
author in all patents of the Russian
Federation (more than 10 of patent
applications were filed by VIESH) as he had
been an initiator of RS in Russia.
On the 31st of March 2003, S.V. Avramenko
unexpectedly died of stroke. He was a talented
Russian electrical engineer and a propagandist
of Tesla’s works. S.V. Avramenko made much for
the popularization of N. Tesla’s ideas (Fig. 7).
He was an excellent electric engineer and, in
his experiments, demonstrated the abilities of
the single
wire electric system to transfer
electric energy with small losses over tungsten
wire with a diameter of 10 micrometers. In the
nineties, in VIESH, the testing of a single
wire
line made of fishing
line with a diameter of
1 mm covered by an aluminium film with
thickness of 0.4 micrometers was carried out
using the device of S.V. Avramenko with power
of 100 W. Then, a quartz fiber
optic line with a
diameter of 1mm covered with an aluminium
protective layer was tested as a single
wire line.
After that, D.S. Strebkov suggested using
layers of water, soil, oxide conductive films on
Fig. 7. Testing of the resonance RS-20 in VIESH on the 16th of December 2002. From right to left:
D.S. Strebkov, A.I. Nekrasov, S.V. Avramenko, O.A. Roschin.
prepared for publication by the museum,
including [1, 2]. The study of N. Tesla’s patents
and articles helped to considerably hasten and
develop works on resonance methods of electric
energy transfer made in VIESH.
Since the “umbrella” patent of S.V. Avramenko
was obtained in the USA and other countries,
Fig. 8. Electric circuit of RS
1 - frequency converter; 2 - resonance circuit of
step-up transformer; 3 – single-wire line; 4 -
resonance circuit of step-down transformer; 5 –
rectifier-inverter; 6 - load
Fig. 9. Frequency converter and resonance
circuit of transmitting high-voltage transformer
with electrical power of 20 kW, 10 kV.
64
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
the basis of oxides of indium and tin (ITO) on a
glass surface as the single
wire lines. Successful
experiments were conducted and patents of the
Russian Federation were obtained. In 2000,
D.S. Strebkov suggested using laser beams in
the atmosphere and ionosphere in order to
create a pipe in resonance system of electric
power supply of aircrafts and the Earth.
Afterwards he obtained a patent for the use of
an electronic beam in order to transfer electric
energy in space and energy exchange between
spacecrafts and earth with the help of counter

laser
electronic beams.
In 2001, VIESH accepted with thanks an offer
of the deputy director general of
“Surgutgazprom” company F.S. Burganov to
develop a prototype of RS with an electric
power of 20 kW. At that time, VIESH had a
prototype with a power of 100 W and it
happened to be a rather serious problem to
create a system with a power of 20 kW in a brief
period of time. We had to completely change
the design of the transformers made by
S.A. Avramenko and make the transformer’s
characteristics more similar to Tesla’s
transformers. We also had to develop new
elements of the resonance circuit and their set
up methods.
The operation principle of RS is based on the
use of two resonance circuits with a frequency
of 0.5 – 50 kilohertz and a single
wire line
between the circuits (Fig. 8) with a line voltage
of 1 – 110 kilovolt during the resonance
operation mode. Electric energy transmission
is carried out with the help of capacitance
currents and biasing currents, that is why
Joulean losses in the line during heating of the
conductor are minimal.
Any conductor can be used as the single
wire
waveguide, for example, a steel wire or any
other conducting medium, which plays the role
of s a guide of electric energy flowing from the
generator to the receiver.
In order to adjust a standard electric energy
supply system with the suggested one,
matching devices and transformers are
developed, which are set in the beginning and
in the end of the single
wire line and allow using
standard electrical equipment of direct and
alternating current at the inlet and outlet.
An industrial transformer of 25 kW frequency,
which was used by us for designing the new
device, had water cooling. It was inconvenient
for autonomous use. In order to obtain a three

phase network of 50 Hertz at the outlet of the
system, design of a P
22 frequency transformer
was changed and improved and three
monophase chokes for operation with a load
module made of an incandescent lamp were
produced. RS with a power of 20 kW was
successfully tested in VIESH and at KS
5
object owned by “Surgutgazprom” company in
Tumen region [17] (Fig. 9). The testing results
for RS
20 are given in Table 1.
The developed design solutions laid the
foundation for production of resonance systems
with a power of 100 – 1,000 kW.
Electrical power with load, kW 20.52
Current, ampere 54
Voltage, V 380
Line voltage, kV 6.8
Line frequency, kilohertz 3.4
Line length 6 m 1,7 km
Diameter of line wire 0.08 mm 1 mm
Maximal effective current density by unit of square
of line conductor’s cross
cut, ampere/mm2 600
Maximal specific electric output
in single
wire line, MW/mm2 4
Table 1. Testing results of resonance system with electrical power of 20 kW
65
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Advantages and possible fields of application
of RS are the following [18].
Scope of the use of resonance singlewire
energy system
1. Electric energy supply of agricultural and
rural settlements.
2. Single
trolley and single
conductor cable
hybrid electric
transport.
3. Fundamentally new single
electrode
electrical devices and plasmatrons: electric
cultivators, water and sewage disinfection,
ozone production, veterinary plasma
coagulators and scalpels.
Advantages of resonance method of electric
energy transmission
1. Electric energy is transferred with the help
of reactive capacitive current in the resonance
mode. Unauthorized use of the energy is made
difficult.
2. Aluminium and copper content in the wire
can be reduced by 5 times.
3. It has no reason to steal steel wire with
copper coating of 0.1 mm in order to sell it as
scrap metal.
4. Electric energy losses are small in the
single
wire line, and electric energy can be
transferred for long distances.
5. Short circuits are impossible in the single

wire cable and it cannot cause fire.
In VIESH, the development of resonance
methods of electric energy transmission is being
carried out by radio engineer A.N. Karamzin,
electrical engineers A.I. Antonenko,
V.V. Shemiakin, O.A. Roschin, L.Y. Yuferev,
V.Z. Trubnikov, A.B. Sivtsov, G.S. Liapin, and
V.I. Volosatov. Talented Russian scientists,
candidates of technical sciences Zayev and
V.I. Verutin are working on these problems.
Doctor of technical sciences A.P. Korshunov
and candidate of technical sciences
V.N. Shabarov are developing technical and
economic characteristics of RS.
President of the Russian Academy of
Agricultural Sciences G.A. Romanenko,
Corresponding Members of the Russian
Academy of Sciences A.F. Dyakov and
N.S. Lidorenko, a deputy minister of energy of
the Russian Federation V.S. Stanev and the
head of technological progress department of
Ministry of energy of Russia P.P. Bezrukih
visited bench room of VIESH and attended on
RS testing. A deputy director general of
“Surgutgasprom” company F.S.Byrganov, the
deputy chief of energy department of
“Gazprom” company O.A. Kuznetsov rendered
assistance in production of the prototype
RS
10kW.
In the laboratory of VIESH, a small pool is
demonstrated, where fish live and a model of an
electric river boat sails generating electric
energy from tap water (Fig. 10).
Electromagnetic waves in certain frequency
range are poorly absorbed by seawater and soil
and, therefore, can be used in the system of
underwater and underground information
transmission. Weakening of electromagnetic
waves in sea water is [19]:
(3.8)
At a frequency of 100 Hertz attenuation at a
sea depth of 300 m will be 90 decibel.
Our experiments show that not only electronic
information but also electric energy can be
transferred over seawater and the ground. The
resonance single
wire system of energy
transmission has considerable advantages in
comparison with the transmission of
electromagnetic waves in air [20]. First of all,
this is high efficiency of energy transmission
(more than 85%) when using rather simple
electrical equipment. High efficiency is
conditioned by the presence of a resonance pipe
between the generator and the receiver. The
second important difference is connected with
the resonance power station not needing to
receive and transmit aerials. It is only necessary
to provide for resonance in high
voltage and
low
voltage of Tesla’s transformer winding.
This means that, for example, a submarine
vessel can generate energy from water not
lifting up any scanner assemblies.
The third important conclusion is that, in order
to transmit energy, no air transmission facilities
are needed. They are the main source of the
disruption of service caused by ice
crusted
66
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
ground, hurricanes, fires, and earthquakes.
Future energy engineering will use reliable and
safe underground and underwater single
wire
cable lines and also seawater and the ground as
the single
wire resonance line.
N. Tesla wrote: “Perhaps the most significant
application of wireless energy engineering will
be the power supply of aircrafts, which will
move without fuel”. [6]. Scientific ideas and
patents stated in [18] allow beginning practical
realization of no fuel aircrafts and making
possible things, which could not be predicted
by Tesla: to provide for resonance energy
transmission over an electron beam between
spacecrafts and, over counter laser and
electronic beams, between the Earth and space
objects.
N. Tesla believed that his resonance methods of
electric energy transmission will be widespread
in the future. The same belief has been
supporting us during our work. We will see what
will change in energy and electric engineering
in one hundred years. Our forecasts on the
development and use of resonance waveguide
methods of electric energy transmission can be
summarized as the following:
• Air transmission facilities will be
substituted by underground waveguide
systems.
• Electrical machines
robots with active
labour bodies will operate at agricultural
plantations.
• A global solar energy system generating
electric energy, hydrogen fuel and heat for
every person on Earth will be created.
• Liquid fuel and gas will be generated from
the biomass of agricultural plantations.
• Spacecrafts will be launched from Earth
using electrical jet propulsion. They will have a
ratio of payload mass to launching mass 80 –
90% instead of today's 5%.
• Power supply of aircrafts in space and
transmission of electric energy to mobile
objects on Earth will be made by wireless
methods
• Resonance methods will be used for medical
treatment of people and animals, extermination
of weeds (instead of pesticides), drinking water
and waste disinfection, creation of new
especially pure materials (first of all, solar
silicon), and hydrogen production.
The twentieth century was the last century of
cheap energy. The age of cheap energy came to
an end and new energy technologies are
necessary to provide for sustainable future
development. New energy technologies will
not use fossil fuel. The global solar energy
system [8] consisting of three solar power
plants located in Australia, Africa and North
America will be able to provide for electric
energy, hydrogen fuel and heat all Earth’s
regions twenty
four hours a day for a million
years and turn all electric power stations using
fossil fuel into a class of emergency power
plants. Maximal efficiency of solar cells
achieved in laboratories is 36.9% and their
practical tenure of employment is 50 years.
In order to make the global solar system
operate, it is necessary to organize
transcontinental teraW flow of electric energy.
Resonance technologies of electric energy
transmission can be used for creating the global
energy system. Mankind will be able to unite
Fig. 10. Testing of the river boat model in
VIESH’s laboratory using tap water as the singlewire
waveguide. The transmitting block has an
electrical power of 100 W and a voltage of 1 kV.
67
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
and concentrate its energy reserves and
technologies in order to create adequate living
conditions for every person and realization of
important scientific and technical projects on
Earth and in space.
References
1. Tesla N. Lectures. Patents. Articles. Published by
N. Tesla Museum. Beograd, 1956, 715 pp.
2. Nikola Tesla. Colorado Springs Notes 1899–1900.
Published by Nolit. Beograd, 1978, 437 pp.
3. Malov N.N. Course of electrotechnology and radio
engineering for teacher's training colleges. State
Pedagogical Training Publishing House. M., 1938. p. 125.
4. Kalinin E.B. Research on overvoltage in electrical
facilities. M., 1936. p. 65–66.
5. Alexandrov G.N., Smolovic S.V. Flexible lines for
electric energy transmission over long distances // V
Symposium “Electrical Engineering
2010” (October 12–
22, 1999, Moscow region). P. 35–42.
6. Trinkans G. Tesla – The Lost Inventions. Vantage
Press, 1988, 32 pp.
7. Electricity transmission of direct and alternating
current of extrahigh voltage. Electrotechnical reference
book. V. 3. M., 2002. P.196–197.
8. Strebkov D.S., Irodionov A.E. Global Solar Power
System // Eurosun 2004. 14. Intern. Sonnen Forum, 20
– 23 June 2004, Frieburg, Germany. Val 3, PV systems
and PV Cells. P. 3–336 – 3–343.
9. US Patent 593138. Electrical transformer / Tesla
N. 02.11.1897.
10. Meinke H., Gundles F. Single wire as a waveguide
system. Electrotechnical reference book. M. – L., 1960.
V.1. p. 188.
11. Sotnikov V.V. Sources of coulomb field in conductors
and their influence on electric current // Izvestiya AN.
Energetika. 2002. 1. p. 104–111.
12. Tamm E.I. Fundamental theory of electricity. M.
Nauka, 1976. p. 133, 397–400.
13. Patent of the Russian Federation 2108649. Method
of power supply of electrical devices and device for its
implementation / Avramenko S.V. // 1998. #41.
14. European Patent 639301. Apparatus and method
for single – wire electrical transmission / Avramenko
S.V. // European Patent Bulletin 97136. September 1997.
15. Patent of the Russian Federation 2100013. Device
for tissue coagulation / Avramenko S.V., Stupin N. V. //
1995. #36.
16. Strebkov D.S., Nekrasov A.I., Avramenko S.V.,
Avramenko K.S. Cold
plasma electric coagulator //
Mechanization and electrification of agriculture. 2002.
#2. p. 19
20.
17. Avramenko S.V., Burganov F.S., Nekrasov A.I.,
Roschin O.A., Strebkov D.S. Research on single
wire
energy system with electric power of 20 kW // VII
symposium “Electrotechnology – 2010”. Perspective types
of electrical equipment for transmission and distribution of
electric energy. (27
29 of May 2003, Moscow region).
Collection of reports. Volume 1.2.16. M., 2003, p. 163–169.
18. Strebkov D.S., Nekrasov A.I. Resonance methods
of electric energy transmission. Publishing house of
Russian Academy of Agricultural Science, M., 2004. p.
185
19. Nefedov V.I. Fundamental radio electronics and
connection. M. Vyshaya shkola. 2002, p. 17.
20. Didenko A.N. Microwave energy. Theory and
practice. M.: Nauka, 2003, 446.
Hydrogen energy
Review is prepared by S. Shlenchak
using materials from sites http://www.piarim.ru, http://service.sch239.spb.ru,
http://www.kko.eago.ru, http://www.compulenta.ru, http://www.fctec.com
In case the problem of cheap generation of
hydrogen fuel and development of the
technology of its accumulation, store and
transportation would be solved, mankind would
obtain an inexhaustible source of ecologically
clean energy carrier built into natural system
of water circulation.
Forecasts concerning time when oil in wells will
come to the end strongly differ from each other.
The most pessimistic looks to the future tell
that this “black day” will come in 10 years
making a reservation that “bad oil” will be left
somewhere. Others postpone this time to 60

80 years. Anyway no forecast gets past the
point of 100 years. But what will happen
then? Then we will change to gas; its reserves
will last 150
200 years. And after gas,
obviously, coal will be used; its reserves will
last 600
800 or even 1,000 years according
to evaluation of some specialists. Basically,
there are enough alternative energy sources
and, as time goes by, progress and human
imagination will find and make accessible
energy sources, which seem to be almost
fantastic today.
68
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Now world pins its hopes on hydrogen energy.
During combustion, hydrogen generates twice
more heat than natural gas, three times more
heat than oil, and four times more than coal.
During hydrogen combustion, water is steamed
in atmosphere, i.e. the process of hydrogen
combustion does not pollute atmosphere. The
fact that there is a giant, almost inexhaustible
hydrogen source
water
exists on earth is
attractive.
The oldest method of hydrogen production is
water electrolysis. During it, direct current is
running and hydrogen is accumulated on the
cathode while oxygen is accumulated on the
anode. This technology makes it too expensive
energy carrier due to the simple reason that
energy consumption for hydrogen generation
exceeds profits from its subsequent use as fuel.
Due to this, hydrogen is used now only for
launching spacecrafts with hydrogen
oxygen
engines. Mostly hydrogen is produced using
technology of hot processing of water steam
under temperature of 700
900C with light
petrol and heavy liquid fuel collecting oxygen.
But this method is expensive too.
Now extensive search of a catalyst promoting
water decomposition into oxygen and nitrogen
with small energy consumption is carried out.
Japanese specialists reported that they had
discovered and were investigating a catalyst on
basis of less
common metals’ oxides
decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen
under the influence of sunlight, with small
energy consumption. But the process is
obviously still a long way from perfection.
Some projects of cheap hydrogen generation
exist. For example, it is suggested building
several huge electric power stations in
Greenland, which would use water from melted
snow for the electric energy production and
energy would be used for electrolysis for
generation of hydrogen, its liquefaction and
transportation by pipelines and tankers in
Europe and America. Another project is a use
of nuclear and special solar power plants’ energy
for hydrogen generation by water electrolysis.
However, nature itself gives a method of water
generation without big energy consumption.
On a surface of suspension particles in water,
adsorbed ferments exist. They are fixed on the
surface and have a high specificity of catalytic
effect. They can decompose one connection in
one of matters having high activity under usual
conditions. Immobilized ferments can be used
for hydrogen production.
Just imagine a handful of powder with the
ferment immobilized on particles. The powder
is put into a jar with water standing in the sun
and an active hydrogen production begins in
the jar. Attempts to create such a “magic
power” are already undertaken.
Perhaps it is possible to produce hydrogen using
specially raised bacteria, thus, genetic
engineering projects in this field has good
perspectives. There are a number of bacteria in
soil, which produce hydrogen as a byproduct.
Finnish specialists are developing a method
of hydrogen production from vegetable oils.
The idea is that a catalyst is used, which uses
air oxygen for natural heating, during which
oil transformed by steam gives hydrogen away.
Processing one ton of biomass allows
producing about 160 kg of hydrogen. In order
to produce one molecule of hydrogen, 103 kJ
of heat is spent while during combustion of
the same molecule 285 kJ of heat is produced.
Hence, positive energy effect is obvious. Pay

back period of such device is presumably 3
5
years.
Seawater is also a source of hydrogen
generation. Now a technology is developed
for hydrogen generation from seawater using
thermochemical method, which is much
cheaper than electrolysis.
At present development of a new technology
of hydrogen generation from water by high

temperature electrolisis is planned. The new
technology will allow obtaining comparatively
cheap hydrogen. Development works will be
carried out by State Laboratory of
Environmental Research and Engineering of
Idaho (USA) in collaboration with an American
company Ceramatec. 2.6 million dollars are given
for conducting of works. A merchantable type of
the device can appear in 2017.
69
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
High
temperature helium reactors will be
used in the designed device. Such reactors
provide for a possibility to produce electric
energy with high efficiency in a gas
turbine
cycle and also for production of a big
quantity of heat energy.
An operation principle of the future complex is
the following. During power supply, water
molecule’s decomposition into oxigen and
hydrogen happens. During further temperature
increase approximately to 1,000 centigrade
degrees, oxigen migrates through the
membrane and pure hydrogen is left in the
reservoir. The main innovation suggested by the
researchers is the membrane’s material. It is
planned to make the membrane of superfine
ceramic plates preventing re
combination of
oxigen and hydrogen.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
(PEMFC) are believed to be the best type of
fuel cell as the vehicular power source to
eventually replace the gasoline and diesel
internal combustion engines. First used in the
1960s for the NASA Gemini program,
PEMFCs are currently being developed and
demonstrated for systems ranging from 1W to
2kW.
PEM fuel cells use a solid polymer membrane
(a thin plastic film) as the electrolyte. This
polymer is permeable to protons when it is
saturated with water, but it does not conduct
electrons.
The fuel for the PEMFC is hydrogen and the
charge carrier is the hydrogen ion (proton).
At the anode, the hydrogen molecule is split
into hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons.
The hydrogen ions permeate across the
electrolyte to the cathode while the electrons
flow through an external circuit and produce
electric power. Oxygen, usually in the form
of air, is supplied to the cathode and combines
with the electrons and the hydrogen ions to
produce water. The reactions at the
electrodes are as follows:
Anode Reactions: 2H2 => 4H+ + 4e

Cathode Reactions: O2 + 4H+ + 4e
=> 2 H2O
Overall Cell Reactions: 2H2 + O2 => 2 H2O
Compared to other types of fuel cells, PEMFCs
generate more power for a given volume or
weight of fuel cell. This high
power density
characteristic makes them compact and
lightweight. In addition, the operating
temperature is less than 100єC, which allows
rapid start
up. These traits and the ability to
rapidly change power output are some of the
characteristics that make the PEMFC the top
candidate for automotive power applications.
Other advantages result from the electrolyte
being a solid material, compared to a liquid. The
sealing of the anode and cathode gases is simpler
with a solid electrolyte, and therefore, less
expensive to manufacture. The solid
electrolyte is also more immune to difficulties
with orientation and has less problems with
corrosion, compared to many of the other
electrolytes, thus leading to a longer cell and
stack life.
One of the disadvantages of the PEMFC for
some applications is that the operating
temperature is low. Temperatures near 100єC
are not high enough to perform useful
cogeneration. Also, since the electrolyte is
required to be saturated with water to operate
optimally, careful control of the moisture of the
anode and cathode streams is important.
Once fuel cells are commercialized,
especially in automobiles, this type of fuel
cell are ideal. These fuel cells have a high
power density and can vary their output
quickly to meet shifts in power demand.
70
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
The progress of Science goes on during every historical age, not only when men
meditate on the whole, but when they concentrate their thoughts on such parts of
the vast field of Science wherein developments . . . are needed at the given time.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
by Leo Sapogin, Yuri Ryabov and Victor Boichenko
phone +7-095-9169444, +7-095-9169244, fax +7-095-9169139,
info@bmatch.ru, bmatch@russianet.ru, http://www.bmatch.ru/
Unitary Quantum Theory
and a new source of energy
The book is published in English, has 4 chapters and contains
288 sheets of 210x297 size. The book is registered in the
USA:
Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN):
2005922439 [nonfiction]
ISBN 0
9713727
1
3 paperback
Following is a brief review of the book by chapters.
Chapter 1
The first chapter describes the general theoretical basis of
the Unitary Quantum Theory (UQT). In the standard
quantum theory, a microparticle is described with the help
of a wave function with a probabilistic interpretation. This
does not follow from the strict mathematical formalism of
the nonrelativistic quantum theory, but is simply postulated.
A particle is represented as a point that is the source of a
71
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
field, but cannot be reduced to the field itself and nothing can
be said about its “structure” except with these vague words.
There is a school in physics, going back to William Clifford,
A. Einstein, and Louis de Broglie, where a particle is
represented as a cluster or packet of waves in a certain unified
field. According to L. H. Germer’s classification, this is a
‘unitary’approach.
The essence of this paradigm can be most clearly expressed
in Albert Einstein’s own words: “We could regard substance
as those areas of space where a field is immense. From this
point of view, a thrown stone is an area of immense field
intensity moving at the stone’s speed. In such new physics
there would be no place for substance and field, since field
would be the only reality . . . and the laws of movement would
automatically ensue from the laws of field.”
The trouble with the many previous field unification
attempts (L. de Broglie, Erwin Schrodinger, et al.) was in
trying to construct a particle model from classical de Broglie
waves, whose dispersion is such that the wave packet
becomes blurred and spreads out over the whole of space.
Moreover, the introduction of nonlinearity greatly
complicates the task, and does not lead to a proper solution
of the problem.
The UQT represents a particle as a bunched field (cluster)
or a packet of partial waves with linear dispersion. Dispersion
can be chosen in such a way that the wave packet would be
periodically disappears and appears in movement, and the
envelope of the process would coincide with the wave
function. Based on this idea, a relativistic
invariant model
of such a unitary quantum field theory was built.
In UQT, a particle is described with the help of a 32

component wave packet. The equation contains a 32x32
matrix dependent on 4
velocity. Limit transition of this
equation leads strictly (!) to the relativistic Hamilton

Jacobi equation of classic mechanics, and in cases of especially
low velocity (when all 4
velocity components are
approaching zero), the UQT equation results in eight
identical Dirac’s equations.
Further, the mass of the particle is naturally replaced in the
equations by the integral of the bilinear field combination
over its whole volume, producing a system of 32 nonlinear
integral
differential equations, which in the scalar case
allowed the authors to calculate to within 0.3% accuracy
the non
dimensional electric charge and the fine structure
constant.
Quantification of the electric charge emerges as a balance
between dispersion and nonlinearity, as became clear from
the physics point of view. Usually dispersion and
nonlinearity bring about destruction of the wave packet
but, for certain types of wave packet forms and amplitudes,
mutual compensation of these processes is possible and the
packet periodically appears and disappears in movement at
the de Broglie wavelength
yet its form is preserved.
A basic theory of microparticle
to
‘macrodevice’ interaction
has been laid. The probability interpretation of the wave
function is now not postulated, like it was earlier, but follows
strictly from the mathematical formalism of the theory.
This approach makes the unitary quantum theory absolutely
illuminating. For example, the tunnel effect completely loses
its mysteriousness in the following way: when a particle
approaches a potential barrier in such a phase that the
amplitude of the wave packet is small, all the equations
become linear, and the particle does not even “notice” the
barrier.
During another phase, when the packet amplitude is large,
nonlinear interaction begins, and it can be reflected. The
particle birth and disintegration mechanisms become
entirely understandable as the splitting
up of the wave
packets. This UQT approach regards all interactions and
processes only as a result of mutual diffraction and
interference of such wave packets between one another, due
to nonlinearity.
Chapter 2
The second chapter concerns the approximate equation of
an isolated particle with an oscillating charge. Initially, this
equation was developed on the basis of UQT heuristic
considerations, but later it was derived directly from the
Schrodinger equation for very low energies.
The equation describes the behavior of micro
particles in
certain problems as classical particles whose charge
oscillates and is dependent in a complicated way on time,
speed, and coordinates. In such a paradigm, the tunnel effect
also depends on the wave function phase, which was earlier
a superfluous parameter in the standard quantum theory,
since only the square of the wave function modulus had a
physical sense and the phase did not affect it.
With the new paradigm, the situation is different. If a particle
approaches a high potential barrier in a phase when its charge
is very small, the repellent force is also small. It can overcome
the barrier by climbing it, while in another phase it will
rebound. Such an equation was applied to standard
quantum
mechanical problems such as particle scattering,
the tunnel effect, harmonious oscillators, and the J. Kepler
problem for individual particles. Some analytical solution
and modeling methods were also studied, since the equation
with the oscillating charge had introduced a number of
problems into the method of mathematical computation.
What was found most unexpected and intriguing
is the absence of energy and impulse conservation
laws for an isolated particle when its behavior is
described with the help of the oscillating charge
72
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
equation, since it has no translation invariance.
To be more precise, such invariance exists only
when so called initial phase – a new controllable
parameter introduced in UQT- takes the values
divisible by p (3.14169). This means that in some
cases the conservation laws are valid but in
general does not.
A look at the origin of fundamental conservation laws for
self
contained mechanical systems shows that they follow
from the Newtonian equations [references to
thermodynamics have no relevance whatever, because they
are postulated therefrom], but the latter themselves follow
from quantum
mechanical equations, which are of an even
more fundamental character.
The standard quantum theory for isolated
processes can predict only the probability of this
or that event, and so there are no conservation
laws for isolated events. They appear only in cases
of transition to classical mechanics, when very
large numbers of particles are summed over. The
conservation laws appear in the macrocosm in a similar way
to that in UQT. But now the existence of controllable initial
phase opens up a number of wonderful vistas in science and
technology
especially in energy.
Chapter 3
Next, we will examine the application of the oscillating
charge equation for interpreting rich experimental material,
which doesn’t fit into the framework of standard quantum

mechanical science. For instance, Unitary Quantum Theory
made it possible to predict [9] in 1983 the phenomenon of
cold nuclear fusion, discovered only later in 1989.
This is a totally unexpected opportunity for creating nuclear
reactions requiring very small energy values. One obstacle
to the most probable d
d reaction under the normal very
low energy conditions is presented by a very high Coulomb
barrier. In UQT, the deuteron (as calculations show) can
overcome that barrier with a certain value of the initial
phase.
Several phenomena, essentially implausible by current
science, will be analyzed on the basis of solving the harmonic
oscillator problem (as well as certain others):
• Anomalous heat production in cold nuclear fusion
reactions (when nuclear reaction products are millions of
times less numerous than is required to explain the thermal
effects);
• cold nuclear transmutation;
• production of superfluous thermal energy in numerous
cavity installations;
• sources of excess energy based on anomalous gas
discharge;
• mysterious processes of electric current passage
through quantum wires, and the possibility of creating new
electronic devices utilizing a completely new electronic flow
control principle based on the dependence of the tunnel
effect upon the initial phase;
• a number of exotic energy sources, as well as
experimental phenomena absolutely unexplainable by
current scientific methods.
Chapter 4
Chapter 4 is a brief review of a theory and general approach
addressing the ‘problem’ of chemical catalysis. By and large,
how to resolve somewhat difficult issues that exist in this
field today remains absolutely unclear, as it is not understood
at all where the additional energy for certain chemical
reactions comes from.
Chemical reactions of polysaccharide decomposition
(lysozyme) are known which disrupt connection with
energies of up to 3 eV. For water decomposition, a three

times
weaker connection has to be broken.
If such a water
decomposing catalyst is found (and the UQT
can offer steps in the right direction), it could bring about a
revolutionary change in energy for motor transportation.
There are reports that such catalysts have already been found:
an automobile operating on simple water without requiring
any additional energy is being tested in Japan.
Many catalysis theories conceal energy shortage, and are
unable to “make both ends meet”, since practically all
existing science is built on conservation laws which have
heretofore been regarded as unshakeable. The constant
progress of scientific knowledge leads, however, to limited
applicability of these fundamental laws.
Nature already plays tricks with humanity’s best physical
laws: consider for now just the weak interactions ‘issue’, and
the chaos it caused in physics. The existing Newtonian
conservation laws are a few of the things that survived that
chaos, and it is only natural that they resist the influence of
subsequent scientific developments.
We would like to remind the reader that the
standard quantum theory predicts only a probability
for isolated events and that there are no
conservation laws that apply to them.
That is why, in order to create an inexhaustible
source of energy, we merely have to collect events
with the required result, such as for power
generation, and then all the energy requirements
of humanity could be solved by a method
completely friendly to the environment.
The broad
scale usage of such technologies in the future
would eliminate the problem of environmental heat
pollution. The UQT, unlike standard quantum theory, offers
a way to accomplish the goal of clean, efficient, and virtually
limitless energy for our future.
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Ether-Energy-Generator
Alfred Evert
fred@evert.de
Preliminary Remark
One aim of earning Free Energy is to tap
unlimited sea of energy of universe. There is
talked about space
energy, zero
point
energy,
vacuum
energy etc.
however these terms are
contradicting by themselves: space is abstract
term (which can not content energy), zero
heat
implies zero
energy (if thought by particles as
common understanding), within vacuum no
forces can affect (because real vacuum excludes
everything). It’s true: whole universe is full of
energy
however “energy” again is totally
abstract term, empty of real content.
Real however is, within universe exists only
that One, that unique substance of ether
and
this ether continuously is in motions most
complex. If these
real
mechanical
movements
of real
material ether should be used for
drawing off energy, these movements are to
manipulate in adequate manner. Naturally there
is no energy to win, only for short phases forces
are to divert for some profit (while sum of all
energies naturally keeps constant).
Many explorers made numberless experiments
and many generators are known, which
at least
sometimes
did produce clear surplus of energy.
Some use turning constructional elements for
energy
production or as trigger. Final aim
however is solution without moving parts, thus
solid
state
generators. In principle, these
machines are build for accumulating
frequencies of (previous space
, zeropoint
,
vacuum
energy, or real) ether, building up
swinging motions within oscillating circuits,
lastly transformed into optimum usable shape
of electric energy.
These constructions are built by normal
electronic parts with known functions and
characteristics. Explorers search for best
circuits and optimum timing of elements.
Obviously are coming up effects, nevertheless
these machines got not ready for production
and marketing. So it’s obvious too, real causes
for effects are not known, thus no conscious
design is possible.
I don’t understand much about electronics and
at first, I don’t want to know much of known
knowledge, in order to be able to think free (and
naturally some ideas most naive will result).
However I try to explain appearances of
radiation, electrons, charges, electric flow etc.
by my understanding of ether and based at these
insights to design senseful conceptions.
Following sections of this workout are to read
by these preliminaries. These considerations
are my contribution for solution and might be,
some specialist, explorer or experimenter gets
valuable hints for integration of these aspects
into his conceptions. Following sections at first
are simple descriptions of some aspects for
gathering ether movements, as basis for further
considerations.
Energy-gathering Antenna
Numberless waves or radiation lashes down
onto surface of earth, naturally or man
made
by diverse transmitters, a real mess of motions.
Colourful figures and diagrams can be found at the author’s site
http://www.evert.de/eft723e.htm
Prof. Alfred Evert
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
We can detect directly only appearances of light
or also of gravity. Communication units for
example can filter certain frequencies out of
jumbled reception by complex techniques. If
however most possible energy of incoming
swinging motions should be used, no filter is
demanded but chaos must be structured.
Antenna serves for reception of
electromagnetic waves. These are built by
electric conductor, around which swinging
motions lean on resp. run alongside. At each end
of wire, wave turns on its head and runs back. If
wave lengths and wire length correspond,
swinging motions are built up. If most possible
wave lengths are to gather that kind, many
wires should be used.
Fig. 1
On Fig. 1 at A schematic is shown a bundle of
these antenna
conductors. Lengths should
show systematic order. Some will use golden

section, other will take most important knots
of global
scaling. I would prefer rule of 2/3 with
2
and 3
and even 4
fold, because by my
understanding, universal frequencies of ether
are structured by this pattern (details see
Ether
Physics and Philosophy) and also
radiations have to swing most resonant to these
basic relations.
So antenna wires should show lengths in
relation of 4
6
9 and 12
18
27 (or in addition
of 36
54
81 and even of 108
162
243), as
integer multiplication of essential constants of
nature or known wave lengths.
Like schematic sketched at this picture at B,
whole bundle of antenna
wires (AL, German
Antennen
Leiter) should be used, e.g. spirally
winded around an antenna
core (AK, grey) of
dielectricum. Tesla for example had mounted
rather long and rather thick antenna at his
legendary car.
Ends of conductors are to combine by well
shaped connection e.g. to short cupper pipe or
even better to a sphere (C1). Via diode (D1)
swinging motions are guided further down and
back
swinging is eliminated.
Surface of previous sphere represents a
capacity, practically a capacitor (C1), however
with only one surface, e.g. without contrary
pole. These constructional elements are to build
e.g. by cupper and surface could be protected
by dielectricum. This constructional element
is called “capacity
surface” at the following
(opposite to normal dipole
capacitor).
At this picture at C now schematic is shown
further way of incoming swinging motions. A
row of diodes (here e.g. D1, D2 and D3) should
be installed. Probably capacity
surfaces (here
e.g. C1, C2 and C3) should be installed between.
Between these elements, swinging motions
should be allowed to move at diverse ways of
differing lengths (here marked by different
colours and different long curves), where
lengths again should be arranged systematic.
Between two diodes, swinging can run ahead
and back, at all wires same time.
At entrance of each diode occur different
situations, depending on actual overlays,
resulting compensation or addition of two,
some or even many frequencies that very
moment. Diode should be controlled by
threshold value (e.g. Zener
Diodes), so only
strong signals come to next circuit.
Now, swinging motions passing a diode, no
longer show its original frequency. Energy of
each swinging motion involved however is
added into energy of signal. Within each further
circuit thus come less, same time stronger
swinging motions.
However these swinging motions come into
next circuit not by certain tact, thus waves
75
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
there run un
regular. In order to strengthen
order, at each further circuit should be used less
connecting wires, like here schematic marked
between C2 and C3.
At the other hand, no complete steady swinging
is demanded, if signals of constant frequency
are not necessary input for consumers. At last
level e.g. could be installed diode with rather
high threshold value, allowing strong signal to
enter last capacity
surface (here not drawn).
At this surface, signal runs around resp.
becomes even spread charge (e.g. for periodic
supply of consumer).
Within air (and term of air
ether is avoided)
swirl numberless swinging motions, i.e. huge
amount of energy exists
however force
less
because of absolute chaotic overlays of all
actual motions and their vectors. By previous
principle, some order is to install within chaos,
so reasonable amount of energy becomes
usable.
Energy-suction by Permanentmagnet
Generator for producing electric flow in
principle is build by rotor and stator. At most
simple case are installed permanentmagnet
within rotor and coil within stator (or several
of). Normally both elements move relative to
each other at surface of cylinder. At some of
previous mentioned experiments resp.
generators these elements are arranged at
circled surfaces. Here now surface between
elements is shaped like jacket of truncated cone
(practical compromise between cylinder and
circle surfaces).
On Fig. 2 at A schematic is shown cross section
of that unit. Within housing (here not drawn)
is beard turnably a shaft with its rotor (RO,
light
red) in shape of truncated cone. Outside
at rotor are installed permanentmagnets, their
north poles (N) showing outward (thus all
south poles S showing inward towards shaft).
Stator (ST) has corresponding shape of
truncated cone, only with some larger diameter.
At stator could be installed coils (SP, German
Spule, at picture left side), however with
windings radial showing outward (so axis of
coil
core shows into tangential direction).
Only wires inside, opposite to north poles are
effective. So it would be sufficient resp. better,
if only a bundle of parallel wires (DL, German
Diagonale Leiter, at picture right side) would
be installed at stator. All upper ends of bundle
are connected and all ends downside are
connected. Each bundle of diagonal conductors
(DL) upside is connected with source of charge
(LQ, German Ladungsquelle, defined later) and
bundle downside is connected with consumer
(VB, German Verbraucher).
At B schematic is shown jacket (at plane level)
of truncated cone (grey), alongside which
elements move relative to each other.
Permanentmagnets are long
stretched, north
pole (N, blue) is long rectangle, its longitudinal
axis showing into radial direction. Here as an
example are drawn three permanentmagnets.
At this jacket
surface are also drawn three
conductors (DL, red) of stator. These wires
(resp. bundle of wires) are arranged some
diagonal, outside
down showing ahead in
turning sense (here some overdrawn). So
Fig. 2
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
between north pole (arranged in straight
radial
direction) and conductors (arranged some
diagonal) is angle of some degrees.
This angle naturally could also be achieved by
north pole arranged little bit diagonal. North
pole and conductor thus will never come into
completely congruent position, there come up
only points of intersection (e.g. at S1, German
Schnittpunkt), which are more or less long
depending on angle between elements.
While turning of rotor (RO) north poles
wander alongside jacket of truncated cone. At
C situation is shown, where rotor did turn some
ahead (in comparison with situation at B).
Point of intersection (S2) now is positioned
some outward.
Special property of this concept is, relative
speed between north pole and conductor
increases as point of intersection moves from
inside towards outside. (This effect also occurs
if magnets and coils are installed at circled
surfaces, however not paid attention to at
known generators).
Function of magnets at generator is, at first
to generate charge onto conductors and
second to impress motion
ahead onto charge.
Both acts demand work and above this,
induced flow produces opposite magnetic
field. Again work is necessary to overcome
forces of attraction. Now here, magnet comes
not abruptly and into complete congruent
position with conductors. Separation of both
elements occurs smoothly, thus with less
resistance. Above this, demanded workload
essentially is to reduce, if at entrance of
conductor already charge is existing.
This source of charges (LQ, German
Ladungsquelle) schematic is marked at this
picture upside at A. Upside of generator, here
are sketched previous antenna conductors
(AL). Via diode (D3) swinging motions
comes onto capacity
surface (C4), swinging
further on at this surface as motion pattern
of charge.
Following diode (D4) now is to control that
kind, charge can flow into conductors (DL) of
generator, short time before that conductor is
crossed by north pole. Magnets thus no longer
have to attach charges onto wires, but only have
to affect additional impulse
ahead onto charges
already moving ahead. Point of intersection
moving ahead by increasing speed, thus
practically builds up bow
wave of increasing
speed
by most few workload.
Antenna serves like a hollow, into which
motion
energy of all incoming swinging
disperses. Analogue to tornado (where air escapes
upside out of funnel) or analogue to water
whirl
(if water downside at centre steady gets lost) one
can imagine, whole ether of wide environment
builds up a potential
vortex (PW, German
Potentialwirbel, marked by yellow “cloud”).
Real processes are these: each swinging occurs
into all directions of space same time, at
radiations with additional impressed motion

ahead. There is all times a component of motion,
trembling into radial direction of antenna, to
and fro. From all directions, motions are
running towards antenna, which is protecting
versus all motions of each contrary direction
(from backside of antenna), i.e. back
trembling
(outward from antenna) becomes weaker.
That’s why swinging motions become attached
at antenna and run alongside its surface.
If now previous generator takes off swinging
motions from antenna on and on, motion

components towards outside of antenna again
become weaker. Thus also at swinging motions
further outside, motions into direction towards
antenna become superior in strength. Thus this
generator sucks in more swinging
energy than
would be available without that (backward

affecting) change of motion’s structures.
Motion
components radial towards antenna,
within ether can not run parallel (because there
are no gaps within, thus no density can
increase), but only at spiral tracks. Resulting
of is previous mentioned potential
vortex,
which now by itself overlays additional
incoming swinging, thus this vortex affects with
strong order
function. Onto conductor of antenna
thus hit ether motions already better structured.
By previous mentioned ways of diode
cascade
well are to coordinate swinging motions of high
energy, which lastly are available at capacity

surface as pattern of charge.
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
This generator delivers pulsating direct
current. As a variation, previous diagonal
conductors (DL) could also be winded by loops
around truncated cone (like previous coils with
outward showing windings (SP), however as
steady twisted bundle, practically a spiral coil).
Also two conductor
circuits could be build,
delivering phasewise shifted flow in contrary
direction, thus usable like alternating current.
In general however, this solution is not real
optimum, even this generator works much
better than common generators. Here still
electric flow is produced by mechanical work.
Source of charges here is produced by ether

energy, impulse
ahead however not jet is
produced automatic.
Energy-Funnel Flat-Coil
Previous rotor shows typical characteristic of
motion of our commonly known material world:
material of shaft moves rather slow within
space, material outside at rotor move by much
faster speed. This fast motion runs within
resting environment, where free movable parts
(e.g. of air) mediate differences of speeds easy.
Ether does not know parts, whole ether is
gapless coherent. That’s why typical processes
of motions within ether are characterized by
relative resting ether outside and most activity
of motion can only come up inside near centre
(details see e.g. Potential
Vortex
Cloud of
Ether
Physics and Philosophy). By this point
of view, previous rotor is not really ether

adequate constructional element.
On Fig. 3 now is shown element rather ether

adequate, at A in shape of simple spiral. This
spiral is made of electric conducting material, e.g.
by cupper
wire. This spiral should be winded
loosely, wire should not be isolated, distances
should be fixed with most few material. Looking
downward at spiral, it should turn inward
left.
At B this spiral is sketched by cross sectional
view. At outer end, conductor should be
connected with antenna e.g. of previous design
via diode (D4). This constructional element
thus is called “antenna
spiral” (AS) or antenna

coil. Inner end of conductor guides to consumer
(VB). Spiral should be build at one level (only
for better understanding of conductor’s way,
spiral at picture is drawn some diagonal).
Similar flat coils were used in early radio

receivers, Tesla did use similar coils by large
dimensions.
At C now within previous antenna coil (red) is
drawn second conductor (blue) also as a spiral.
This second coil could be at same level like first
coil or e.g. direct below of antenna
coil. Design
at two levels is shown at picture at D by cross
sectional view. Blue spiral is called “exciter

spiral” (ES) or exciter coil, because through this
coil phasewise is send direct current.
If one believes in common science, electric flow
runs by light
speed through wires. A flow

impulse thus shows same absolute speed
outside of coil like inside of. From outside of
spiral however, angles speed of that flow gets
faster and faster to the centre.
Quite sure however is, flow within exciter coil
induces flow within parallel wires of antenna
coil running into same direction. So also induced
flow will show increasing angles
speed towards
inside of spiral.
Flow is charge moving ahead alongside surface
of conductor (details see following section).
Charge is ether movement. Ether does not
know parts. So never exists sharp border of any
movement within ether (opposite e.g. to
previous rotor at its border as material
appearance). Thus ether is in motion also far
outside of conductor, synchronous to motion
of charge resp. flow, only some weaker
depending on distance from conductor.
Fig. 3
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
This will mean, also ether upside of antenna coil
is influenced by motion’s component again of
increasing intensity resp. angles speed towards
centre. Thus exciter flow indirectly results
potential
vortex (PW, schematic marked by
yellow “cloud”) within ether. Like any potential
vortices, this pattern of motion produces self

dynamic with self
acceleration (e.g. well know
at hurricanes etc.). Exciter coil must not drive
this vortex steady, but short flow impulses will
do, just because potential vortices run by itself
on and on
and because this motion’s pattern is
absolutely typical for movements of ether
within ether.
This intensive motion of Free Ether naturally
affects back towards surface of conductor. So
motion’s pattern of charge are initiated resp.
charge is accelerated into turning sense of
spiral. Again, this moving charge running faster
and faster inwards results suction effecting
backward outside.
Analogue to previous suck
in also this antenna
spiral will draw swinging motions off antenna
attached at outer end of spiral. However now
with this conception, mechanical work no
longer is demanded, but short initiation
momentum by pulsating direct current within
exciter coil are sufficient input. Essential
work of generating charges and influencing
motion
ahead here is done automatic by
mechanic of ether by itself
because these
motion’s pattern are totally adequate to
properties of ether.
By the way: electric flow is produced
however
nowhere corresponding energy got consumed.
At tornado or water whirl, potential vortices
are driven by higher static pressure outside

and that air pressure or water pressure in total
keeps constant, no matter air or water is
standing or moving. Only within vortices, static
and dynamic pressures are different than
outside of.
Born of short and only temporary order of
motion’s vectors (which by steady repeating
can also be continuous), forces with usable
effects can result of totally normal chaotic
motions of air
or water
parts. Quite
comparable are structuring processes of ether’s
motions described upside.
If large antenna coils are used, also other effects
might occur. For example, ether motions could
become visualized by smoke. Within large
circles outside of coil, abnormal magnetic
appearances could occur. Even levitation
effects could come up (which however are no
anti
gravity). At later sections, constructional
version with less side
effects is shown. At first
however, general characteristics of charges and
flows and general energy
sources are to discuss.
Energy-Source Ether-Pressure
In 2003 and 2004 I described elementary motion’s
pattern of ether at Ether
Physics and
Philosophy.
There in 2005 I will describe appearance of gravity
and in 2006 of electromagnetism in details. In
anticipation of, now are to mention only some
relevant facts of.
Electrons are sphere
shaped motion systems by
potential vortices. Radiation like photons is
analogue pattern and their vortices
structures
are wandering through space. Atoms are
accumulations of these Potential
Vortex

Clouds. Material parts are accumulations of
atoms. Outside of that Bounded Ether is Free
Ether and that is relatively resting resp. only in
motions of quant
small distances. Towards
inside, motions of these vortices systems
become wider. All motions all times are running
into all three dimensions, so move at spiral

bended tracks, within Free Ether like within
occurrences of Bounded Ether.
All appearances of Bounded Ether have an
“aura”, i.e. ether’s movements don’t end at fix
borders but spread far out into surrounding
ether. Within these intermediate zones thus
smooth transition of small
scale to coarse
motion structures exist. Total ether around
such vortices systems is superior, its fine
swinging presses onto coarse vortices clouds
from all sides. At the one hand, tendency to
accumulation of likely appearances results, at
the other hand e.g. electrons are pressed
towards conductor surface.
Surface of material bodies is “rough”, because
aura of atoms or their Potential
Vortex
Clouds
reach out different lengths into space. Within
these aura
depressions of material surfaces
electrons can “hide”, for example as
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
electrostatic charge. Only if surface is regular
shaped these charges can come into motion by
larger scale, i.e. electric flow can come up
alongside conductor.
The more electrons sit at surface, the stronger is
voltage (relative to conductor with less electrons
attached). Lastly all vortices structures sitting at
surface build one common layer of coordinated
motions. If however layer got too thick (limit of
capacity is exceeded), some motion’s parts escape
(or are broken off by external motion impulses).
If now charge resp. electric flow should be
manipulated, actions must fit to characteristics
of their motion pattern.
On Fig. 4 properties of charge are shown
schematic. Around electric conductor (EL,
German elektrischer Leiter, grey) could sit
separated electrons, at normal case however
around conductor is attached complete charge

layer (LD, German Ladungsdecke, yellow), like
a blanket or coat. This ether in principle is in
motion all times into all directions. So all times
motion components exist into longitudinal
direction (LB, German Langsrichtung) and
around conductor as cross
motion (QB,
German Querbewegung). As long as no flow is
running, both motions are relatively steady
trembling ahead and back (if only these two
motion’s directions are looked at).
Longitudinal motion commonly is called
“electric field”, motion
around conductor, cross
to longitudinal motion, commonly is called
“magnetic field”. Field is pure abstract term,
appearances however totally concrete are
based on totally real motions of real substance
called ether. Pattern of motion of previous
charge coat schematic is shown at this picture
at B.
Observed is an ether
point (AP, German
Atherpunkt), i.e. one certain portion of ether is
looked at while moving. This point is only
fictive position within ether, in sense of
geometric point. This point is no separated
particle, because all ether is gapless matter, is
real continuum, not dividable into any parts
with fix borders.
All ether points thus are connected most direct
manner with all neighbours. There can’t exist
any motion like by billiard
spheres, where any
motion runs into a gap between others. If one
ether point is moving in space, all others has to
move synchronous and each motion into one
direction demands balancing motion cross to.
At this picture as an example schematic is
shown longitudinal motion (LB) of five ether
points (AP resp. small black marks). These
ether points are connected fix resp. rigid, here
represented by red curve (of each neighbouring
ether points). At X
axis (dotted line) are drawn
five left
turning clocks, each watch
hand shifted
by 30 degrees (showing into directions from
12
to 8
o’clock). At ends of each hand observed
ether points are positioned.
If now all clocks turn synchronous, motion
towards left comes up. However, clock quite
left side already shows 8
o’clock, i.e. there
motion already is running to right side.
Distances between ether points thus would not
be constant
resp. can keep constant only if
same time motion cross to comes up
and it
must be exactly right
angled
like phenomenal
property of all electromagnetic appearances

by common understanding not to explain.
Here for example that ether point quite left side
should have to turn around X
axis by balancing
Fig. 4
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
motion. Then however, all other ether points
should have to move synchronous to, i.e. all
clock
hands can not turn only at one plane.
Starting from central ether point (AP), this
cross
motion (QB) of Z
axis is marked analogue
(all clocks turning likely in this plane right angle
to X
axis). So there is steady turning and
winding and swinging into all three dimensions
same time (changing values of Y
axis are
represented by direction of each clock
hand).
Naturally also layers upside and downside of
these observed ether points swing analogue and
synchronous (again with correspondingly
shifted positions of each clock
hands).
Complete coat of charge around conductor is
swinging by that motion’s pattern.
On Fig. 5 at A schematic is drawn an alternating
current generator (WG, German
Wechselstromgenerator) and a consumer (VB)
and two conducting wires between. Generator
at first has to bring charge onto conductors,
thus must build up previous charge layer. This
layer, by previous considerations, is swinging
ahead and back into all directions, Thus also one
component of motion is trembling into
longitudinal direction (LB). By common
frequency of 50 swinging motions each second,
generator is shifting charge to and fro, at both
conductor wires. This motion of flow (SB,
German Strombewegung) is overlaying normal
longitudinal motion (LB).
Common understanding is, electric flow should
move by light speed through good conductor
(through solid material, not alongside its
surface, by common understanding). While one
phase of 0.02 seconds light comes ahead 6.000
km far. AC
generator near source of Rhein thus
has to push flow until mouth of Rhein and back
again. Really however, at conductors of that
length, all energy got lost in resistance, at end
of conductor no flow will exist at all.
Real cause of resistance is, AC
generator is
steady impressing motion ahead onto normal
swinging of charge layer, into one direction and
0.02 seconds later into opposite direction. At
process of electric flow, no ether is really moving
ahead. Its normal turning only is overlaid by
second turning. Only seemingly results flowing

ahead (see further down resp. chapter Sea

Waves at Ether
Physics and Philosophy: waves
are running ahead for miles
apparently, really
however waters are rotating only at relative small
distances, only by differing speeds ahead and back,
resulting of overlay of only two circle motions).
If this generator accelerated charge in
longitudinal direction, same time and same
amount motion right
angled to have to be
accelerated (because electric and magnetic
fields correlate inevitably). Next moment,
motions are decelerated and again accelerated
into opposite direction, thus previous overlay
is completely to change. All layers of all charges
must change directions and speeds of all
movements synchronously. Charge layer has no
fixed border, thus also all surrounding ether is
involved correspondingly.
Essential property of ether is its inertia: as all
ether points correlate to each other in
absolutely direct manner (with no smallest gap
between nor any possibility of differing
density), all motions structures unavoidable has
tendency to resist versus any changes. So AC
absolutely is enemy of ether. Charge layer once
send onto conductor naturally is deformed by
steady to and fro and naturally some parts of
charges got radiated into environment.
Naturally AC
generators can only transform
energy (EU, German Energie
Umsetzung)
from one shape into other
by enormous losses.
At this picture at B is drawn analogue
configuration, now however with direct current
generator (GG, German Gleichstrom

Fig. 5
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
generator) and only one conductor wire to
consumer (VB). Backward wire is not
necessary, both units can be connected with
ground. Generator has to work only for
accumulating charge (LA), i.e. must guide most
possible thick charge layer onto conductor.
Rest is done automatic by ether’s work.
Each normal DC
generator builds up charge.
By previous proposals was shown how swinging
motions of natural source are to use by proper
construction of antenna, how mechanical work
can be improved by rotating magnets or how
charges are to suck
in via flat coils by pure
electronic measures of exciter coil. Already at
these applications, ether
pressure has essential
affect. Now for flow of DC alongside surface of
conductor, ether pressure (AD at previous
picture) is unique driving force.
Generator only generates charge at conductor,
at its best only pulsating, most effective in
shape of previous piling
up bow
wave. Charge
layer thus is essentially higher at the beginning
of conductor than at its end. Within area of bow

wave movements are relative intensive, i.e. aura
reaches far out into Free Ether. Within this
intermediate zone, thus wide scale motion’s
differences are to balance.
All ether motions probably are of same speed
everywhere (light speed or multiple of). At Free
Ether motion run within small area,
comparable with small swinging at end of a rope.
At opposite end of that rope, at charge layer,
swinging motions are of larger scale. Short
swinging will be congruent to long swinging
some times, afterwards however contrary. Long
swinging can escape that contrary motion only
by wandering to opposite end (towards
conductor). Long swinging is not really
decelerated by that act, because short moment
later is driven by motion of Free Ether now
actually into same direction.
This example points out function of Free Ether
Pressure. This force naturally affects much
stronger onto thick layer of charge with
corresponding wide aura than onto parts of
conductor with less charge. Free Ether presses
flat any charge
accumulations
by ravenous
speed alongside whole conductor, by minimum
resistance, also at long distances.
That pressing
flatten same time impresses
motion
ahead onto previous general pattern of
motions of charge layers. As any acceleration
of that electric field same time affects
acceleration of inevitable cross
motion,
intensity of that Bounded Ether gets stronger
as a whole. That’s why DC shows dramatic less
resistance than AC.
Each new bow
wave of pulsating DC enters into
that motion’s pattern heated
up resp. is really
pulled in. At DC all motions all time run into
same direction. Ether shows property of inertia

of motion. Indeed, ether nowhere ever can be
stopped. Any motion once initiated, e.g. overlay
into direction
ahead (all times inclusive
correspondingly accelerated cross
motion),
thus goes on affecting ahead
however same
time ether some behind is forced to
corresponding acceleration (only of smaller
scale depending on distance). So also this
suction
effect is elementary property of ether

if assumed gapless and without possibility of
changing density (without these necessities of
motions of flowing charges, no induction would
be possible). So for transport of charge at a
conductor, pulsating DC is most effective
procedure.
This ether
pressure permanently affects onto
all coarse ether
vortices. We don’t feel it (like
fish doesn’t feel water
pressure or we don’t feel
air
pressure), because our atoms are swinging
sufficiently resonant to Free Ether motions.
Well known experiment demonstrates
enormous power of: strong impulse of electric
flow is send through bundle of thin wires (flex).
Normally likely electrons should have to blow
up that net of wires. Really however these wires
got crumpled
up
visual result of ether

pressure onto thick charge layers around wires
(where wires of that bundle mutually protect
each other, thus got pressed together).
Ether pressure also gets obvious if charge got
too thick resp. charge is pressed outward at
spikes of surface in shape of sparks (where free
electrons are pressed to sphere
shaped
potential
vortex
clouds, just by that pressure
all around, so from continuous layer of charge
got born separated units). If barrage of ether

pressure results heavy motion of atoms of
conductor, parts of charge are spilled out also
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
in shape of photons (no particles, but only
wandering vortices pattern of ether motions).
This enormous energy of ether pressure is for
free and should be usable. Most effective would
be, not to consume this primary charge. That
charge should only run around within system
by pulsating acts. Only secondary appearances
should serve consumers.
Pulsating Circuit
At first again, solution with mechanical control
by rotating parts is shown, using example of
Electric
Dynamo. Here once more is
mentioned only essential principle of process.
Three capacity
surfaces are used. Their
capacity varies as intermediately parts of
surfaces are protected versus ether pressure by
dielectricum. Depending on material of
dielectricum, capacity of likely surfaces can
vary by multiple.
Dielectrikum (DI, white) here is shaped as
rotating beam, capacity
surfaces (CU, blue) are
build by sheet cupper in shape of circled sectors.
If dielectricum is turning, one surface becomes
less covered while following surface becomes
more covered correspondingly. Different blue
colours at this animation show each varying
capacity of charges.
All three capacity
surfaces are connected by
three wires (blue) in turn. If dielectricum turns
left, charge moves from one surface to next
each right side (so charges remain within system
all times). These three wires are guided via
transformer (TR) as primary coil, thus phase

shifted induced secondary flow (red) is
available for consumers (VB).
Similar machines were build and did work (e.g.
by Hyde), however these systems did work
with common capacitors (with each two dipole

surfaces) and charges had to act via air (like at
most electrostatic units). However, one does
not need dipoles and no protons
if these
particles would really exist. Principle shown
here does work only with negative charges of
more or less volume at surfaces of varying
capacity. Charges keep all times at good
conductive surfaces, only by differing strengths
of charge
layer.
If charge actually is open for Free Ether
pressure, charge layer there is pressed flat and
thick charge layer is pressed into gap between
next capacity
surface and dielectrium actually
covering that surface. Free Ether pressure can
affect only via narrow surfaces aside, just like
demonstrated by Casimir
effect. No rejection
of likely electrons exists in reality, however
motion’s pattern of charges build capacity

layers decisive stronger within protected areas
than outside of.
Rotor naturally is to drive by motor. However,
no magnetic contrary forces are to overcome
like at common generators, but maximum forces
likely to Coulomb
force will come up. Thus
energy input will be some tenth of induced
current (what some explorers achieved by
similar units, however only for some times
because machines were not built consequently
ether
adequate).
Naturally all capacity
surfaces are to charge by
maximum when starting machine (by external
Fig. 6
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
source resp. battery). Naturally also in running
mode, some amount of charge gets lost by
radiation into Free Ether (and e.g. Tilley called
isolation of his generator most important
problem), thus permanent recharging is
necessary, however only by small amount.
Here on Fig. 6 at B schematic is shown concept
of autonomous running system. Some
components at A here are not drawn, some
others added.
From current available to consumer (VB), one
part is guided into charge
transformer (LT,
German Ladungstrafo) as primary coil (red)
and induced secondary current (blue) is guided
into storage for recharging (LS, German
Speicher fur Ladung). From this capacity,
charge flows to previous three capacity
surfaces
(CU) via conductive wires here marked by thick
black lines. Naturally these connections are to
install as one
ways by diodes. Charge really will
flow only occasionally for refreshing of surfaces
(only if these surfaces actually show less capacity
resp. corresponding few voltage).
At this constructional principle thus enormous
power of ether pressure affects pulsating direct
current running around, while rotating
dielectricum all times produces new gradients,
each from surface of decreasing capacity to
following surface of increasing capacity. This
process is controlled mechanical (thus no pure
solid
state solution), nevertheless this control
is simple like safe operating.
Even similar (however not consequent
constructed) electrostatic units did work
successful (however not stabile but e.g.
weather
dependant), I can not understand why
since one year nobody did realize this proposal
of electrostatic
dynamo. Probably name of this
concept is misleading: not electro
static here is
affecting but pure electro
dynamic, this
machine is really an electro
dynamo. Perhaps
previous detailed description of function of
ether pressure now will help understanding this
clear solution.
Magnet-Pump
Electric current is overlay of static charge, thus
overlay of ether motion by ether motion. Basic
principle of processes already is described by
Ether
Physics and
Philosophy, for example at
chapter 03.03 Overlays. Here on Fig. 7 that
process schematic is shown once more.
Ether is in complex motion at tracks, resulting
of addition of different circle motions. Over
simplistic one could imagine, an ether point
(AP) at its process in time is turning around
fulcrum (D1, German Drehpunkt) by radius
(R1), like marked at A by diverse positions,
turning left assumed.
Overlay comes up as at the end of this radius
(R1) new fulcrum (D2) exists, around which
additional turning by radius (R2) occurs (like
marked at B by two positions). So two clocks
are turning within space, where outer end of
outer clock
hand marks track of ether point.
If both turnings run synchronous, wave
track
(WB, German Wellenbahn, blue curve at C)
results, i.e. like sea waves really are running. One
water
point moves fast ahead upside (here
towards left) and moves back slowly downside
(to see by distances of different lengths of ways
within likely time units). Separated water parts
rest within relative small area, while wave
appears far running ahead.
Analogue to this process, ether all times is
positioned within relative small area, turning
at only narrow circled tracks, which however
are enlarged by overlays (depending on relation
of radius of overlaid turning motion) and thus
shows different speeds within different phases.
Analogue to discussed motions of previous Fig.
4 neighbouring ether points move at likely
tracks, where however each clock
hand is at
some correspondingly shifted position. At
wave’s top, both clock
hands show upward, i.e.
water stands high and motions towards left side
add to high speed. Further back at place of
actual wave’s valley, water surface is some
deeper and motions of both clock
hands
subtract to slower motion backward right side.
Opposite to water, ether is homogeneous
gapless substance. There is no place to pile up
masses, i.e. there is no place for motions running
ahead
unless ether previous positioned there
would escape aside (and all neighbours behave
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
correspondingly, by wide detour back to
observed wave’s hill).
Also this fact was discussed already on previous
Fig. 4: each swinging into longitudinal direction
inevitably is bound to synchronous swinging
right angles to. Within ether, there is no water
surface, i.e. all ether upside like downside of
observed position must swing synchronous.
Only at very long distances (really by
astronomic relations, e.g. like within galaxies
or atoms), radius of overlays can decrease, i.e.
motion can come back to circled track (resp. to
swinging pattern of Free Ether).
Essential insight is: at electric current no ether
is really moving ahead (and no electrons are
crawling ahead within conductors and really no
particles are moving at all). Impression of flow
only appears based on varying turning speeds
of relative stationary ether. Rule
of
right
hand
(by conventional understanding of current’s
direction) exists concerning electric flow, thus
analogue to right
turning thread (while here
all times real direction of current is assumed).
So in reality, current flows all times at spiral
tracks, showing left (by view into flow’s
direction). Current flows not like at common
thread with constant gradient, but faster ahead
(and correspondingly faster cross to) and some
slower, depending on phases of overlaying
turning motions.
Ether by itself never moves ahead far out. What
really does wander far ahead however is
structure of motion’s pattern: overlay by itself
is built up within generator and only that
additional turning motion is running alongside
conductor (so only motion’s pattern is
wandering from one portion of ether to next,
not ether by itself is wandering in space). Ether
positioned in front takes motion of overlay and
ether positioned behind comes back to its
original motion pattern.
This process is comparable to short gust of
wind, which builds up one (or some few) sea
waves. Waves run ahead and get lost by friction
of water parts. Gapless ether is much more
viscous than water. Building up an overlay costs
relative strong power, because same time must
be build up far reaching corresponding
balancing motions. At the other hand, within
homogenous ether are no losses by friction, so
overlaid motion’s pattern can spread
unrestrained.
Analogue to flow of electric current behave
field
lines of permanent magnets, like schematic
shown on Fig. 8 at A by example of rod magnet.
Material of magnet is arranged that kind, ether
between material parts (resp. between special
motion’s pattern of that Bounded Ether) is
overlaid by corresponding pattern.
That motion’s pattern exits and transmits into
space ahead of north pole. However, there are
no separated field
lines, but that pattern again
is coherent layer of synchronous, however some
phase
shifted swinging of all neighbouring
ether points. So there exists also component of
longitudinal motion (LB) plus cross motion
(QB) inevitably (analogue to previous
mentioned pattern on Fig. 4).
Field lines exit at north pole and flee back to
south pole. This area here is rough sketched by
yellow region (different strength of field etc. is
well known). Permanent magnets can work
astonishing long times, however their areas of
affect are rather limited. This appearance clearly
marks effect of ether pressure.
Free Ether presses versus all coarse motion’s
structures resp. eliminates all appearances
which are not sufficient resonant to universal
basic ether motion. Obviously these magnetic
field lines are not sufficient adequate, so are
dispersed by Free Ether already at short
distances.
That magnetic motion has chance to survive
some longer e.g. when fleeing into narrow
positioned piece of iron, which inside can take
Fig. 7
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
corresponding overlaying motions. This
motion’s pattern exits this protection area at
other end of iron, so there again is exposed to
Free Ether. Pressure onto that new north pole
now pushes iron towards north pole of magnet.
So there exist no attracting forces but pressure
of Free Ether versus coarse motion’s pattern
affects this appearance.
Permanent magnet is also good example of
previous mentioned suction
effect of ether.
Magnetic motion pattern is build up inside of
magnet. This overlay can not come up and end
abruptly, on contrary, ether already in front of
south pole must show corresponding pattern,
and thus balancing area must exist. Magnetic
strength clearly shows, how intensity of
overlay
impression comes up into axial
direction towards south pole.
Coming from north pole, ether is moving by
likely pattern. That’s why field lines from north
to south pole tie together resp. why magnetic
field lines are closed loops in general. Magnetic
field alongside rod of magnet is rather
inhomogeneous because Free Ether at this area
can eliminate different strength of overlaying
motions.
Rather homogeneous however is magnetic field
direct in front of north pole. If however two
north poles (like shown at B) are positioned
opposite, motion’s directions (longitudinal like
cross to) are contrary. Ether can not take
contrary motions within short distances –
that’s why likely poles reject. Again: there are
no separated field lines struggling but two
coherent layers of mirrored pattern need
distance to balance differences.
Relative homogenous magnet field exists
between poles of horseshoe magnets (like
schematic shown at C). Motion pattern exists
from north pole, runs via air gap to south pole,
and there is exposed to pressure of Free Ether
only at outer sides. Within U
shaped iron (UE,
German U
formiges Eisen) motion pattern
flows back to north pole, protected by iron
material’s structure (while electric flow
sufficiently is protected already at outer
surface of conductors).
Magnet field analogue to rod magnet exists
within coil when electric flow runs through
(like schematic sketched at D). Outside of coil,
magnet field again is rather inhomogeneous,
while inside of coil longitudinal like cross
motions (LB and QB) are homogenous.
Motion pattern of electric flow around
conductive wires build up common motions

layer alongside total inner surface of cylinder.
Now it’s good idea to combine both congruent
appearances (like schematic shown at E). Coil
is winded (without iron core) around air gap
between poles of horseshoe magnet. So
magnetic flow supports motion of electric flow
and vice versa. Both magnetic fields (yellow)
add their affects. Field keeps homogenous even
distance between poles is much larger than at
normal arrangements.
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
An application of that magnet
pump (MP) is
shown on Fig. 9. At example of previous
Electro
Dynamo was mentioned, charges of
capacity
surfaces (C1 and C2) should be used
and charges should remain within system all
times. If one capacity
surface actually has more
charge (here C1, dark blue) than an other
capacity
surface (here C2, light blue) electric
current runs via conductive wire (blue) until
both capacitors take likely charges. If this wire
is arranged as primary coil of transformer (TR),
secondary coil (black) induces current usable
for consumers (VB).
Now here is installed additional connection
between both capacity
surfaces (from C1 to
C2). This second conductive wire (red) is
guided via previous magnet
pump (MP).
It’s know, balancing of charges lastly affects
likely amount of charges at both capacitors. It’s
also known, first current will over
spill, thus
more than half of charge
difference is flowing
to the other side (and easy to explain by
previous description of inertia of ether and its
once started motions).
Spilling
back is to avoid by diodes. In order to
achieve continuous process, each delivering
surface must be pumped out at its best for next
phase. Above this upside was mentioned,
overlaying motion
ahead by itself could run on
and on. At the other hand, forces are demanded
if motions got stopped and must be restarted.
These problems could be solved by following
circuit.
If capacity
surface left side can take no more
charge, flow existing at red wire still can go on
running via green conductive wire into
intermediate storage (ZS, German
Zwischenspeicher). From there, green wire
leads back to coil of magnet
pump, while
direction of flow again is controlled by diodes.
Current now can go on within that loop, at this
phase driven resp. at least supported by
magnetic field of horseshoe magnet. However,
there is no current generated nor magnet and
conductive wire are moving relative to each
other.
Opposite this will mean, still existing flow
affects previous mentioned suction
effect back
onto capacity
surface C1. From there thus still
charges are drawn off and guided into
intermediate storage ZS.
If sufficient gradient between both capacity

surfaces thus is achieved, within next phase
charges could spill
back (from C2 to C1).
However it’s much better to use three capacity

surfaces and current is running all time into
same direction. Each one surface delivers charge
to second receiving capacity
surface, while
third surface is pumped
off.
Charge within intermediate storage or running
around within intermediate circuit (green), at
least by parts will wander into receiving surface
at next phase. Within area of red circuit
overlaying motion
ahead keeps constant to a
great extent, i.e. at start of next phase abruptly
will run strong flow into receiving surface.
These phases are to control electronic via
voltages between capacity
surfaces (probably
much harder to construct than simple mechanic
controlling of previous Electro
Dynamo). It’s
also question whether voltage
differences can
be build up in larger scale (e.g. for supplying
normal consumers). This application however
is good example for handling charges and
currents most ether
adequate. And this
conception is important hint for following
solution of real solid
state machine with
performances you like it.
Variation of this conception is sketched on Fig.
10. Instead of permanent magnet here magnetic
Fig. 10
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
field is produced by coil. This coil
pump (SP,
German Spulen
Pumpe) at the one hand
exists of coil (red) of current between
capacity
surfaces (from C1 to C2). At the
other hand coil of secondary circuit exists
(green), which is running via previous
intermediate storage (ZS).
If current flows between capacity
surfaces,
current within side
circuit is induced and thus
intermediate storage is loaded. If primary
current ends, motion’s pattern still keeps
constant as current is going on within side

circuit. Again each direction of currents is to
control via diodes.
Spiral-Cascade
Objectives of all previous circuits was to use
current between capacity
surfaces for
induction of secondary current available for
consumers. These currents however demand,
not only balancing of charges between both
surfaces, but to pump
off delivering surface at
its best (so gradient of voltages is produced for
next phase).
At previous concepts thus additional current

circuits were installed with embedded
permanent magnets or coils. Now best solution
would be, ether by itself would do that job
direct manner.
On Fig. 11 only one conductive wire (blue) is
drawn between capacity
surfaces (C1 and C2).
Via transformer (TR) usable current for
consumers (VB) is induced like at previous
solutions. Most effective shift of charges now
however is to achieve, if current is guided via
spiral
cone
shaped conductor (SK, German
Spiral
Kegel). This concept is similar to flat

coil of upside Fig. 3, here however windings are
not arranged at one level but alongside surface
of truncated cone.
Effect of electron
or ion
cascade is known by
special arrangement of conductors, like used e.g.
at Testatika. Fig. 12 shows construction in
principle.
Sheets of capacitor are winded spiral. One sheet
takes negative charge (red), on surface takes
positive charge (blue), between both sheets
isolating material is installed (here not drawn).
Several of such units are arranged one by one,
where each inner end of sheet is connected with
outer beginning of next corresponding sheet
(here marked by thick black lines).
When discharging that capacitor-cascade,
more electrons exit than originally put into
Fig. 11 system and “ionization” is detected. Both
Fig. 12
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
effects however are only side
appearances,
process by itself exclusively is based on pressure
of Free Ether onto charges resp. overlaying
motion ahead of current. Above this, no normal
capacitor (
dipoles) nor isolation are necessary.
Much more effect will show naked surfaces or
wires (here thus only minus
sheets) which are
exposed to Free Ether directly.
Ether is moving by light speed (at its local
limited areas) and electric current can also
move (approximately) by light speed
(apparently ahead). Nevertheless, differences
of lengths alongside spiral bended surfaces are
important. Layer of charge show basic pattern
of motions onto which is impressed overlaying
motion
ahead (and synchronously also cross
to), both by certain speeds.
At inner side of spiral, distances become shorter
and space becomes narrower, i.e. ether there
comes into stress
situations. Resulting of is
thicker layer of charges at inner parts of
surfaces. Free Ether affects stronger pressure
into these thicker balancing areas, i.e. also with
accelerating effect. Relative to length of
conductor thus current will flow (apparently
ahead) faster and faster towards inside of spiral.
Alongside bended sheet
surfaces, charge layer
will slip ahead increasingly faster. At round
wire
surfaces, motions wind around
ahead
correspondingly faster.
On Fig. 13 schematic is drawn such an
acceleration
cascade, where conductive wire
(red) is winded spiral and its negative charge resp.
current runs through three of these truncated
cones one by one (A, B and C). At the end of that
unit, not more electrons appear, but charge there
is impressed by overlaying motion much stronger
and faster into direction ahead.
Within such coil
cones for example is piling up
accelerated bow
wave with corresponding
inertia into direction
ahead, however also with
corresponding suction
effect into backward
direction. Previous mentioned pump
effect
thus is generated by this conception, now
however only by direct affecting pressure of
Free Ether onto charge
layer.
So it’s important, Free Ether can affect most
free onto charge layers, i.e. these coils should
be winded loose. Such units could be built by
large scale or several of these coil
cones could
be installed within small box, like e.g. sketched
at this picture at D by view top
down (four coil

cones at different levels are arranged within
box of not
conductive material). This current
now should be allowed to fall into depression.
Charge-Depression
It’s common understanding, current is caused
by voltage
difference between negative and
positive. Commonly observed are number of
electrons and protons and their movements
caused by rejection of likely and attraction of
unlike poles. These are secondary appearances,
if real existent at all.
Free electrons can attach at conductors and are
integrated into common layer of charge. Only
when pushed or hit out of that layer, this package
of motion again will become sphere
shaped ball
of certain motion pattern and volume (pressed
in shape by surrounding ether of all sides, like
universal ether also moving towards left in
general).
Naturally some times might be broken out off
common layer also false turning pattern,
however these protons won’t survive long time.
If colliding with electrons, both contrary
overlays are eliminated (and motions disperse
into Free Ether).
There remains a gap without specific motions,
into which naturally other electrons or protons
Fig. 13
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
can fall. This violent and disturbing reaction
however is not identical with wanted
continuous flow of charges alongside of
conductors. So at the follow, again only more
or less charge (layer of negative electrons) at
conductors is assumed and discussed.
Charge layer can be impressed motion
ahead
into one or contrary direction of conductor.
Impressing overlaying motion can be done by
workload (like at all common techniques) or
effects of ether motion by itself can be used (like
discussed here). Especially impressive example
of pressure of Free Ether onto charges is well
known Faraday
cup, like schematic shown on
Fig. 14 at A.
Metallic ball (red) with isolating rod (grey) is
charged by any source (here not drawn) and
put to inner side of metal
cup (C2, dark blue),
which itself stands at isolating support (here
not drawn). Charge layer (yellow) of ball moves
to surface of cup. Inside of cup, pressure of Free
Ether (AD, German Ather
Druck) is mirrored,
pressing flat charge layer (light blue). Charge
flows at outer surfaces of cup (where only
normal ether pressure exists).
Pressure inside of cup is strong enough to press
charges at most high points completely off, i.e.
ball is to take off cup discharged in total. If this
process is repeated, cup outside shows higher
voltage than originally existing at source.
This experiment of electro
static is well known.
Instead of process step by step, effect also will
work continuously, like schematic shown at B.
From source of charge resp. current (C1) is
installed a connection to inner bottom of cup
by isolating conductor (IL, red plus grey,
German Isolierter Leiter). Original charge
layer (marked yellow) is pressed alongside inner
surface of cup and build up much larger and
stronger charge layer (light blue) at outer side
of cup. Naturally this pressure also affects back
alongside conductive wire. Flowing ahead
however will be continuous, if charge of outer
surface steady (or phasewise) is guided to
consumers (VB).
At this picture at C alternative design of that
depression for charge resp. current is shown.
Conductive wire here is not guided through
inner side of cup to its bottom. Isolated
conductor (IL) from source of charge (C1)
now is guided direct through bottom (well
isolated) and outer surface of wire is in contact
with inner surface of this bell. Conductive wire
thus practically is transformed to a hollow
conductor (well known is, inside of exist no
fields at all). Here however this pipe (C2) opens
like a funnel, so charges are pressed outside (and
further on guided to consumers). This
constructional element at the following is called
capacity
bell.
Downside at the middle at D, contact between
conductor and bell is sketched by cross
sectional view. Conductive wire for example is
split into two contacting surfaces, so there is
room for charge layer to flow off bottom of bell.
By previous spiral
truncated
cone was
demonstrated how charge becomes overlaid by
accelerated motion ahead by ether
conform
building up of a potential vortex, inclusive self

acceleration and suction
effect. By this
Fig. 14
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
example of Faraday
cup (in adequate shape)
was demonstrated how ether pressure
accelerates charge layer towards outer surfaces
and thus charge
depression is organized.
From source to that depression, further
charges can follow (so current is achieved),
where charges won’t got lost, but are still
available for further usage.
Ether-Current-Generator
It’s correct to assume, ether in total is full of
energy in shape of various motions. With its
small
scale universal movement’s pattern, Free
Ether affects pressure onto all motion
pattern
of more coarse scale. Some of these appearances
of Bounded Ether well can exist long term, if
sufficient resonant to basic pattern. Some
motion’s pattern can wander through space and
e.g. hit onto earth in shape of radiation various
kind. These swinging motions should be usable
in shape of electric current if handling and
constructional elements are organized ether

conform.
On Fig. 15 at B schematic is shown design of
ether
current
generator, where previous
constructional elements are combined as an
example. As source for swinging motions resp.
charges is used an antenna
unit (AT). Via spiral

truncated
cone (SK) charge gets overlaid by
accelerating motion inside
ahead. Via capacity

bells (C1, C2 and C3) charge is guided to bell’s
outside surfaces. From there, current is guided
direct into ground (at C1) or to consumers
(VB) (at C2 and C3).
Antenna (AT) could be rod
antenna (like
discussed upside or like Tesla did use at his
famous car). For stationary mode, antenna
naturally could also be sphere
shaped (at its
surface any frequencies are running around and
easy to catch, even by chance). Diodes should
be installed at the end of antenna unit (or some
diodes with intermediate capacity
surfaces
could be used, like e.g. discussed upside on
Fig. 1), so swinging motions further on are
directed ahead.
Here is drawn only one spiral
truncated
cone
(SK). Naturally could be used also real cascade
of these units (corresponding to upside Fig. 13).
These conductor
spirals result acceleration

effect as mentioned upside. In addition, these
units affect structuring function onto various
overlaying swinging motions. At each inner side
of cone, previous mentioned stress within ether
comes up. Space for balancing motion’s areas
becomes narrow, i.e. no longer can take place
any actually incoming contrary or phase

shifted swinging motions. These various
frequencies are forced to bundles of more
uniform motion’s pattern. Structuring force is
most strong, because gapless ether can not
move abruptly into contrary direction without
corresponding wide balancing areas (in really
astronomic relations).
Nevertheless: ether motion can not only be
pushed into that funnel. There must exist
additional suction (while suction within ether
is even more essential than at normal fluid
processes). That suction is produced by
previous capacity
bell, which here simply is
sketched e.g. as C1. Continuously that unit
sucks in charges, if charge accumulated at bell’s
outer surface can flow off free.
This primary
circuit here is represented by red
conductive wires. This part of construction
destroys energy of ether
swinging motions.
Fig. 15
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
This part of energy can not be used direct kind,
only side
effect of this process serves as motor
for usage of other part of motion’s energies

here called electric current.
At previous spiral
truncated
cone (SK),
parallel to red coil is drawn blue winding of
conductive wire. Both wires are positioned
narrow together, like sketched by sectional
view at A. Especially at inner surfaces strong
ether pressure (AD) affects. Current within
primary conductor (red) naturally initiates
corresponding current within parallel running
secondary conductor (blue), like well known by
any induction.
Primary charge layer now is moving not only
around red wire, but at inner surface of that
cone common layer of charge comes up. Overlay
of motion
ahead of one conductor (red) thus is
transferred also onto second conductor (blue).
This process works best at most even common
surfaces, thus by most thin wires. At the other
hand well could be used square conductors
(with rounded edges), where each inner side of
wires together build common plane (but spiral

cone
shaped) surface.
Only at the end of truncated cone (it must not
be complete cone!) red and blue conductor
wires are guided at separated directions. Red
circuit ends within earth resp. is grounded, like
discussed upside.
Blue conductor is also guided into capacity

bells (C2 and C3) and further on to consumers.
Consumers have to do any workload, thus
resistance comes up. In order to keep ether

motion (resp. current induced within spiral

truncated
cone) continuous, that current is
guided phasewise into one (C2) and second
(C3) capacity
bell.
Opposite to all previous concepts, here charge
is guided alternating into two constructional
elements, thus available for consumers by
corresponding phases, e.g. for charging
batteries etc. (here not discussed in details).
Special design of these Faraday
cups allows
introducing charge inside of bells, even at their
outer surfaces existing actual higher voltages
(thus constructional element of most
important function). These bells not at all must
be build by plane surfaces, also constructions
analogue to Faraday
cage are useful (however
cage open at one side), like schematic sketched
at C by longitudinal view and at D by cross

sectional view.
It will make sense not to use only two
conductors but bundle of wires (of red and blue
functions). Within spiral
truncated
cone, these
wires build relative homogenous surface, where
charge layer at inner surface is especially
important. Nevertheless, current runs alongside
wire’s outer surfaces. At following
constructional element, charge has to be
pressed alongside inner surfaces of bell to its
border.
This effect is also achieved, if shape of bell is
build only by separated wires showing
outwards. Common surface of wire
bundle
(inside of previous truncated cone) thus gets
broken up and charges now build layers around
each separated wire. All charges are likely, all
current motions are likely, i.e. with contrary
movements towards each neighbouring wire.
It’s clear thus rejection occurs, i.e. charges
escape to border of that wire
spider.
At outer border, all wires are connected to a
ring (bell’s common border) as relative large
capacity surface. Wires must not show accurate
radial towards outside. If conductors are
arranged spiral, distance between neighbouring
wires increases slower, i.e. ether pressure
between wires affects stronger and longer. This
bell build be separated wires probably will work
better than bell with continuous surfaces.
I’ll end this section with a provocative
assumption: Tesla did use this solution at his
famous car. Sure knowledge only is, rather large
and thick antenna was installed and for starting
usable energy, two rods were pushed into any
black
box. If previous conductive circuits
between spiral
truncated
cone (SK) and
capacity bells (C1 resp. C2 and C3) are open,
nothing will happen. If however capacity
bell
C1 comes into contact with red wires (first rod
pushed into black
box), primary current gets
started and gets running into ground (without
direct usage, but only as motor for induction).
If capacity
bells (C2 and C3) are connected
92
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
with blue circuit (second rod pushed into black

box), usable current runs into batteries (and
both clocks well could be mounted at one axis).
Summary
There are lots of (more or less) working units
for usage of space
energy. These machines are
based on known functions of electric and
electronic constructional elements. Common
considerations are based at common
understanding of electrons, protons and
electric current. However, only if real essence
of electricity gets known, machines are to
design consequently and will work steady.
All appearances are expression of ether
and its movements. Only if ether is
assumed to be gapless unique matter,
inevitably must exist right-angled
synchronous movements. Only by that
understanding of ether, besides others,
affects of magnetic and electric fields are
to explain (and no other theory explains
this elementary phenomenon).
Charge is not identical to single electrons, but
is complete layer of motion pattern at surface
of conductors. This relative coarse motion is
pressed towards surfaces by much finer motion
pattern of Free Ether (superior part of all
ether). Current comes up by overlaying of
motion
ahead. By common techniques this
process is done by workload (thus only
transforming one shape of energy into other
shape, including losses). Free Ether affects
current automatic, as thick layers of charges
are pressed flat until equal spreading.
Motion’s layer also comes up at surfaces of
antenna by input of radiations. These ether
layers swing by different rhythm of incoming
frequencies, thus multiply overlaid. Better
order resp. simpler structure is to achieve by
different ways between capacity
surfaces.
These swinging motions become flowing
motion only if depression exists. That’s to
achieve e.g. by flat
coil, where charge is steady
accelerated towards inside
ahead by second coil
(as triggering motor). This acceleration is also
to achieve by usage of magnets, which
increasingly faster move cross to conductor.
This process builds up ahead
running bow

wave, which however affects also backward
practically as suction, based at relative strong
(motions
) inertia of all ether movements.
Depression area is to achieve very effective, if
actual capacity of capacitors varies (and
capacitors are constructed as capacity
surfaces
without dipole
function). At Electro
Dynamo
for example this is achieved by dielectricum
passing by capacity
surfaces. Charges stay
within system all times, however current
between capacity
surfaces induces secondary
current available for consumers.
Charge can be pumped between capacity

surfaces (above normal balancing of charges)
when using permanent magnets and additional
circuits with coils and intermediate storages.
If however one wants to use pure ether energy,
one has to catch charge by antenna systems
(where sphere
shaped antenna are
advantageous for stationary mode). Within
spiral
cone
like winded coils, inner surfaces are
exposed to pressure of Free Ether. At narrow
inner sides affects higher ether pressure, by
which acceleration of motion component ahead
is achieved, so towards centre ether flows
increasingly faster in relation to conductor
(while ether really does not move ahead, but
only actual movement’s pattern wanders ahead

inside faster and faster). Potential vortices like
these are essential movement’s pattern of ether,
inclusive its self
acceleration and suction

effect.
Real cascade of these spiral
cones are usable,
so at the very end more current exists than
originally available. At the following, common
charge
layer of narrow parallel arranged wires
are to split, so around each single wire charge
layer comes up. Analogue to well known effect
of Faraday
cup or
cage resp. simply based on
known rejection, charge is pressed outward
within such capacity
bells.
All charges at a whole are gathered at outer
ring, again building closed layer of charge. Also
this constructional element represents
depression, because inside charge is to
introduce at wires, even outside at ring much
higher voltages exists. These capacity
bells by
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
itself represent variable capacities, increasing
from inside towards outside, so are very
important constructional elements.
Part of earned and accelerated charge is to
spend by running direct into earth or grounded
mass. Only as side
effect, induction within
parallel coil of previous spiral
truncated
cone
produces usable current. As an example, current
alternating is available for consumers via two
capacity
bells.
By these principles of manipulating forces of
given ether movements usable electricity is to
achieve. Like this for example Tesla’s car did
work. Naturally many variations of previous
discussed constructional elements and circuits
are possible. Presenting these considerations I
do hope, physicists like experimenters got
interesting stimulations and I am looking
forward for resonance. For example I am
interesting to learn, if functions of many known
units of diverse explorers could be explained
by these considerations or rebuilds improved
by these proposals do better job. Naturally I
am very interested to learn about experiments
with previous constructional elements (because
I do no experiments by my own). Thanks in
advance.
Steven Krivit’s Cold Fusion
www.americanantigravity.com/krivit.shtml
Cold Fusion is a method for generating tremendous
energy at room
temperature discovered by Martin
Fleischmann and Stanley Pons in 1989. Typically, a
palladium cathode is immersed in an electrolytic
solution and subjected to a small electrical current,
which is claimed to generate an excess heat
effect
greater than the input energy, as well as limited fusion

byproducts in solute.
If fusion power becomes commercially viable, it has
the potential to fulfill the world's energy needs, using
ocean water as fuel, safely, without pollution or
harmful nuclear waste. Credible researchers working
for respectable laboratories around the world now
say that cold fusion shows such potential.
Cold fusion beckons a new dawn in the age of scientific
energy research. Neglected but not abandoned, cold
fusion has made startling progress as a new field of
nuclear science. The historical information contained
in The Rebirth of Cold Fusion challenges the premise
that science is always objective. It portrays the
professional struggles that those who have explored
this controversial subject have endured, and
illuminates the blocks to innovation that academic
institutions and publishers have posed.
Steven B. Krivit is the senior editor for New Energy
Times and has been conducting investigative research
into cold fusion and other New Energy topics since
2000. Krivit has earned the respect of the worldwide
cold fusion community and is often consulted by the
general media on the topic. He earned a bachelor's
degree in business management from National
Steven B. Krivit and Nadine Winocur
Since the CF process creates excess heat, a
calorimeter like this one by Dr. Storms is used
for measuring output.
94
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
University in San Diego, California, and studied
industrial design at the University of Bridgeport in
Connecticut.
Nadine Winocur, Psy.D., is the managing editor for
New Energy Times. In addition to her interests in
New Energy, Winocur maintains a private
psychotherapy practice and facilitates continuing
education training in the field. Winocur earned her
doctoral degree in psychology from Pepperdine
University in Malibu, California.
Critical Acclaim by Arthur C. Clarke
"The neglect of cold fusion is one of the biggest scandals
in the history of science. ... The Rebirth of Cold Fusion,
by Steven B. Krivit and Nadine Winocur, takes a fresh
look at this still unresolved debate. An unbiased reader
finishing this book will sense that something strange
and wonderful is happening at the 'fringes' of science.
... The future is almost unlimited. It can be the end of
the fossil fuel age, ... and the end, incidentally, of many
of our worries about global pollution and global
warming. ... This book strengthens my hope."
Sir Arthur
C. Clarke.
"Now I have little doubt that anomalous energy is being
produced by several devices, some of which are on the
market with a money back guarantee, while others are
covered by patents. The literature on the subject is now
enormous, and my confidence that 'new energy' is real
slowly climbed to the 90th percentile and has now
reached the 99% level. A Fellow of the Royal Society,
also originally a skeptic, writes: 'There is now strong
evidence for nuclear reactions in condensed matter at
low temperature.' The problem, he adds, is that 'there
is no theoretical basis for these claims, or rather there
are too many conflicting theories.'"
Sir Arthur C.
Clarke
This laser-triggered device by Dennis Letts uses
photons to help stabilize the Cold-Fusion reaction
in solute!
Palladium Reactor. This photo shows a
disassembled Cold-Fusion reaction chamber,
including the anode and Palladium cathode
Dr. Edmond Storms CF Electrolytic Reactors A miley-style CF Reactor by Dr. Edmond Storms
95
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Our company Faraday Lab LTD is
developing R&D on creating a 37-kW
autonomous energy source on basis of
60kW electrogenerator GS-250 and a
turbine of GTD-350 type (MI2 helicopter).
The turbine’s operation mode is about
10% of its maximum power capacity.
In 2005, our company purchased the main
components of this electric power station
from Degtiarev’s plant (a generator, a
reducer, and a turbine on the common
chassis). At present time, we are working
on completion, designing and production
of a workable electric power station, which
must provide 37 kW power output.
On the photo, a stage of the electric power
station’s testing in our lab with a load of
3kW is shown. An air source creates a
small pressure of just 0.05 atm.
Further, we are planning to increase the
pressure by 10 times and obtain the
autonomous operation mode due to air
vortex process’ creation.
The demonstration for investors can be
organized in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
You can read the discussion on the project
and other news at our site www.faraday.ru.
We invite partners for development of this
work and planning of joint production.
Our tel/fax is +7-812-380-3844.
Alexander V. Frolov
CEO and Chairman, Faraday Lab Ltd
News of our company
Dear authors!
We are waiting for your materials if they are connected with new energy
technologies and new propulsion methods. The requirements to articles sent to
the editors are minimal: you can send us an e
mail message to
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96
New Energy Technologies, Issue #2(21) 2005
Antigravity
Iakov Vedmark
http://gadukino.ru/library/polet.htm
Published abridged
Did you ask yourself why people do not fly? Of
course you did and not only once. Probably it
happened in your early childhood when you
looked at birds flying freely in the sky. Or it could
happen in your youth when you followed
airplanes. It is not important either way but if
you have a question, you will get the answer.
People cannot fly like birds because they have
no wings or any other parts which can hold the
body in the air flows. Flying people do not exist,
nor flying elephants, snakes or turtles. It is
understandable. But why cannot people
overcome gravitation laws by high
tech solutions
and the production of aircrafts? We already
have airplanes, rockets, and paraplanes. So, why
cannot we make flying saucers, automobiles, and
bicycles, i.e. reliable, cheap, and ecologically
clean devices? I suppose such research is being
carried out and most likely coming to a triumphant
end. But something is trying to keep it back as
usual. You would ask, ‘Who is doing this’? It is
the same thing. It can be space intellect, aliens
or the President.
It is inadmissible to solve this problem at this
juncture of manhood’s evolution because it will
destroy the very manhood very quickly.
Traumatism will increase in the sky a dozen times
as there are almost no chances to survive an air
crash. And there will be air crashes because
people lack self
control and they will drive air

mobiles in a state of alcoholic intoxication.
Besides, the human organism is not perfect at
all. Thus, it is possible to imagine how dangerous
moving in the sky will be.
Reasoning from the above
listed, we can make a
conclusion that overcoming of the gravitation
laws is possible just in case medicine is developed
fantastically on our planet because it is useless
to hope for the perfection of human beings and
their self
consciousness. First, we must learn how
to change damaged parts of the human body for
new ones quickly and well and only then we will
be permitted to fly. Genetics, founder cells or
something else most likely brings our civilization
near our dream but now we must forget about
free flying in the sky. The time has not come yet.
The editors kindly recommend our readers
to visit this website for cheering up.
Picture by Sergei Korsun
kor-sun@yandex.ru
Humour Pages
A physics lesson: Newton’s law