NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES #12
1. Works on the Designing of Time Machines. Vadim A. Chernobrov (Russia)
2. Control of Temporal Parameters of Physical Processes. Alexander V. Frolov (Russia)
3. Etherodynamics as a New Field of Physics. Vladimir A. Atsukovsky (Russia)
4. Electromagnetic Gravitational Interaction Vadim Ya. Kosyev (Russia)
5. Medium For Existing of Matter in Nature. Anatoly V. Rykov (Russia)
6. Adams Motor. Sergey S. Abramov (Russia)
7. Field Transformation in the Model of Extended Space. Dmitry Yu. Tsipenyuk (Russia)
8. Joe Flynn’s Parallel Path Magnetic Technology. Tim Harwood (USA)
9. Flynn Laboratory Photos
10. Flux-machine and Its Analogies. Review
11. Russian Patents on Alternative Energetics.
12. Gravitational Spaceships. Gregory R. Uspensky (Russia)
13. On Velocity Of Drive-Free Motion. S.A. Gerasimov , V.V. Stashenko (Russia)
14. Electromagnetic Self-Action. S.A. Gerasimov, A.V. Volos (Russia)
15. Uranium Photoaccumulator. Anton I. Yegorov (Russia)
16. Global Energy Prize (reportage)
17. Teleportation. Alla V. Pashova (Russia)
18. “Mass Defect” in Home Conditions. Prokofy V. Sherbak (Russia)
19. Aether as Unified Field. Alexander M. Mishin (Russia)
20. Global Energy. Philip M. Kanarev (Russia)
21. Fusion Processes Of Molecules Of Oxygen, Hydrogen And Water. Philip M. Kanarev (Russia)
22. Plasma Energy Power Generation. Bruce A. Perreault (USA)
23. News
24. The Marcus Device Controversy. Tim Ventura (USA)
25. Systems of conversion of thermal energy to mechanical one. Review
26. I. Prigozin
27. Letters
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 2
The First Results of the Works on the Designing of
Devices to Control Parameters of
Physical Processes (of Time)
Editorial: On April 12 of 2003 a scientific conference “The Time Machine” was organized by Faraday
Laboratories Ltd in Moscow, Russia. It was devoted to the experiments on control of space
time physical
properties. At the conference there were discussed problems of time and gravitation in the context of
etherodynamics, experiments and applied aspects of these technologies. Below we publish a review of the
main reports presented at the conference.
Further Plans on Designing of the
Time Machine
Vadim A. Chernobrov, Russia
“KOSMOPOISK”, Nagatinskaya 19A, 111533,
Moscow, Russia
E-mail: chernobrov@kosmopoisk.org
To conduct the experiments on the influence upon
physical Time (density of space energy) some special
devices were used as a general method of such influence.
These devices can create converging waves which can
cause the appearance of quasi-monopole in the confined
space. Quasi
monopole is a part of space which has
some parameters of hypothetical unitary monopole or
bunch of such particles (in particular, it allows registering
one magnetic pole by means of measuring equipment
from the outside at some distance from this pole).
The pilot experiments have shown that it is very difficult
(if not impossible) to create long-living quasi-monopole
by means of permanent magnets or electromagnets
operating on direct currents (in this case quasi-monopole
represents a space with one outer and one inner magnetic
pole). It can be explained by the fact that lines of force
of the “inner pole” invariably find a weak spot in the
heterogeneous surface of magnets and break out. As a
result, at the device along with one “outer” magnetic
pole there is a local output of magnetic lines of the
“inner” pole.
During the designing of new devices there was a task to
create a quasi-monopole situation in the confined space.
This situation should be created not uniformly but
transiently by pulsation method. Frequency of work of
electromagnetic oscillators first of all was selected
depending on linear dimensions of the devices. Selection
of the frequency was made in such a way that one period
of pulsation does not exceed the period of time which
is necessary for electromagnetic waves to reach the center
and opposite waves of the device.
At the designing of laboratory devices, which generate
converging longitudinal waves, several diff erent
principles to obtain required parameters were considered
in the multi-layer quasi-monopole, which wor ks in highfrequency
mode. Several types of the devices were
realized at dif ferent degrees of development and with
different success. It was shown that the simplest devices
were that ones which used electromagnetic (solenoid)
oscillators connected in series and in parallel. In different
experiments between 3 and 5 such surfaces were used.
These surfaces were called electromagnetic work surfaces
(EWS). All layers of EWS of different diameters were
mounted in series in each other (like matreshka). The
outer layer was either mounted at force shell or
simultaneously represented such a shell by itself.
3 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
The size of the maximal EWS was about 0.9 m, the
diameter of the minimal (inner) EWS was equal to
115 mm that was enough to place laboratory animals
inside the control detection devices. Laboratory animals
were used to determine the consequences of the
influence of converging spherical electromagnetic waves.
Payload, (i.e. that which was directly used for transfer in
Time-Space), included the afore-mentioned detection
devices and (occasionaly) laboratory animals. The term
“payload” was coined by analogy with the term which
is used in cosmonautics. Volume of payload section was
placed in the center of symmetry of the Time Machine
(TM). In all the earliest Machines (except the 7th model)
this volume still has not exceeded the volume of a
football. The device with an outer diameter of 2.1 m
and inner payload section of 1 m has the maximum
size. It allows making human-aided experiments.
At different stages of the experiments the calculations
were made by all available known modern methods to
fix time. All types of electronic, quartz, mechanical and
several specially made doubled quartz generators were
used (there were compared frequency readings of
measuring and etalon heat-insulated generator s which
were placed at a distance). Certain experiments used
lightguiding diodes and some other methods. Before and
after the experiment (more rarely during the experiment)
readings of measurement clocks were periodically
compared with those of an etalon clock and with signals
of exact time which were transmitting by radio. Other
physical factors causes side effects upon some types of
measuring devices, for example, upon quartz-crystal
clocks. However, doubling of measurement methods
allowed essentially decreasing inaccuracy of
measurements.
At some operating modes (which were not always
predicted) the change of Time speed was attained (Prof.
Nikolay A. Kozyrev called it density of Time t/tî). This
change came to about a fraction of a second per an
etalon hour. Let us take usual “etalon” earth time as
tî=+1 then it becomes clear that it is speed range of
+0.99<t/tî<+1.01 which is researched in the
experiments. Thus being placed inside the device, the
inanimate objects and animals were transferred in the
Future (with “above-zero” speed) more slowly or faster
than those around them. It occurred at all operational
modes of the device (deceleration or acceleration).
Difference of Time (gr adient of Time speed or
curvature of Space-Time field) was observed not only
inside the TM, though there is no doubt that a maximal
value of changed Time was registered inside the smallest
“matreshka”. As was expected, during the experiments
Time change was also registered outside the device.
However such change which had an opposite sign was
smaller than the change inside the device approximately
by an order of magnitude. It entirely corresponds to
geometric laws, i.e. in proportion to the cube of the
distance).
In other words, TM influences not only its inner part
and pay load but also the environment. It bears a strong
resemblance to jet propulsion but in Time and not in
Space. It is a flight which is realized by r ejection of Time
instead of mass.
Thus it was deter mined that the processes of
deceleration and acceleration of Time distinctly differ
in their nature and consequences. In such a way the
deceleration was considerably smoother and more stable.
During acceleration there were observed sudden changes
in readings and this operational mode was characterized
by general instability and dependence on any (or many)
exter nal factors. Particular ly, acceleration instability also
consisted in the following: at fixed power the value speed
of Time depended on the time of day and situation of
the Moon. Possibly it also depended on some other
factors including the presence of an operator or other
people near the device. Even insignificant external
influence, for example, mechanical shaking, caused the
change of speed value which sometimes was rather
significant.
Inside the laboratory devices there was also registered
that Time can change with some sluggishness. After
the changed Time speed influenced some physical object
(for example, soil) then residual effects were observed
at it for some period of time. These effects can be
eliminated only by the influence of another speed of Time.
Preliminary general conclusions
The Present is the transfer or transformation of the
polyvariant easily changeable Future into the univariant
unchangeable Past. Thus f lights in the Past (at “negative”
density-speed t/t0) and in the Future will happen in
different ways. They can be compared with the motion
of an ant along the tree: from any point of the tree (i.e.
from the Present) there is only one way downwards open
to the ant (i.e. in the Past) and many different ways
upwards (i.e. in the Future). However among all the ways
to the Future undoubtedly there are most probable, lowprobable
and almost improbable variants for
development of the Future. The less probable this
variant of the Future the more unstable and energyintensive
the motion to the Future will be. According to
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 4
the “law of the crown of tree”, return to the Present is
possible only if when being in the Past the traveler does
not interfere in the course of events and does not change
the course of the past History. Otherwise the
chronotraveler will return to the parallel Present from
the Past by another branch of History. Penetration to
the Future from the Present is hampered by the choice
of the branch for transference. However return from
any variant of the Future into the Present is possible at
any scenario if there are no fusions of different variants
of History…
In other words, we have a circumstantial evidence of
the assumption that Time has more than one dimension.
Thus there is an affirmation of the theoretical inferences
of R. Bartini who believed that Time has 3 dimensions.
Hence we can consider our terrestrial globe as 6-
dimensional where the dimensions are: length; width;
height; age or date of Time; variant of History or blur
of Time; density or speed of Time. Thus the notion of
“Ar rows of Time” is completely absent in the fourth
dimension (date of Time) but it is a special case of the
notion of the sixth dimension i.e. speed of Time. At
the same time the notion of speed of Time also relates
to the physical notions of gravitation and energy. Thus
the notion of “Einstein-Rosen bridge”, which was
introduced in 1916, or notion of “worm course”, which
was introduced by John Willer in the end of the fifties,
are connected with transference in the 5th and 6th
dimensions.
Method and Device to Control Temporal Parameters of
Physical Processes by Means of Changing of
Energy Density of Space
Alexander V. Frolov, Russia
General Director, Far aday Lab Ltd
Tel./fax: 7-812-380-3844
Email: office@faraday.ru
This invention belongs to the methods and devices
to provide control on rate of physical processes (that
includes the process of the existence of matter in
space
time) by means of increasing or decreasing
of energy density of space (i.e. energy density of
physical vacuum or density of the aether).
Let us consider the history of
the invention:
Earlier there were proposed some methods and devices
to influence the rate of physical and chemical reactions,
biological processes or period of oscillation of the
system. In the works by N.A. Kozyrev [1] there is a
description of the experiments on the influence of some
process (for example, process of evaporation or
crystallization of matter) upon the period of another
process, which serves as a detector and can be compared
with reference oscillation process. In one case, the rate
of oscillations of the detector decreases in the
surrounding area near the process of matter evaporation.
In another case, the rate of detector oscillations increases
in the surrounding area near the process of matter
crystallization. If we use a term of “entropy” then it is
possible to say that the processes which are accompanied
with entropy increasing (for example, conversion of
matter from solid state into liquid one) influence on the
matter (surrounding processes) in such a way that
entropy of systems decreases. In another case, for
example, near the process of cr ystallization, entropy of
systems increases in the surrounding area near this
process. Kozyrev used the term “wave of density of
time” and he made a conclusion that in addition to
“directivity” of time (time course) there are active
properties of time, for example, “density of time”.
To develop this approach for applied purposes it is
necessary to use in-depth analysis of the physical sense
5 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
of the “time density” notion. Connection of notions
about “time directivity” and “entropy of the system”
was demonstrated in the work “Introduction into
thermodynamic of irreversible processes”, 1964 by Ilya
Prigozhin [2]. In the work “Quantum fluctuations of
vacuum in curved space and theory of gravitation” by
A.D. Sakharov [3] the conception of vacuum structure
was suggested. In the USA the work “Can the vacuum
be engineered for space flight applications?” by H.E.
Puthoff [4] is well-known. The author considered the
applied aspects for study of vacuum structure and
described the method and device to obtain propulsive
force by means of changes in vacuum properties.
A substantive conception of time and methods for
creation of waves of energy density were also considered
by Prof. K.P. Butusov in the work “Time is a physical
substance”, 1991 [5]. In the book “What is The Time?”
by Yu. G. Belostotsky [6] the connection between the
notions of time and aether was demonstrated. This
connection was considered from the point of view of
astrophysics there.
We can also say that the modern conception of aether
is successfully developed by V.A. Atsukovsky in his
works [7].
In my articles, for example, “Physical principles of the
Time Machine” [8], it was demonstrated that to develop
experimental works on the topic it is useful to clarify
the terminology and to consider “waves of time
density” as longitudinal waves of energy density in
space. In this case the notion of “time density” has a
physical sense of energy density (aether density).
This approach can be realized practically by means of
classical electro-technical and radio engineering methods
and it is a development of aether-dynamical conception
on the nature of electricity and magnetism by M. Faraday,
“Experimental researches on electricity”, volume 3, [9].
Let us consider a usual bipolar magnet from the point
of view of aether-dynamics. Then it is possible to say
that it is inflow and outflow of aether, i.e. it is a balanced
energy system which does not change energy density in
space. In this case it is evident that creation of magnetic
monopole or modeling of quazi-monopole by means
of electro-dynamical methods is a technical basis to
create some local change of energy density in space.
Electric processes could also be used alongside with the
magnetic phenomena. For example, in another book
“Symmetrization of Maxwell-Lorenz equation” by Prof.
Butusov [10] the creation of longitudinal wave was also
considered. It was demonstrated that an electrically
charged sphere can radiate longitudinal wave when the
sphere radius is changing, i.e. when its surface is changing
while the value of electric charge is constant.
One more well-known method is described in the book
“Experimental gravitonics” by Polyakov [11]. There is a
consideration of the generation of gravitational waves
at the high-frequency magnetization and
demagnetization of ferromagnetic material, i.e. at the
powerful volume magnetostriction. Since at this
phenomenon there are changes of matter density (i.e.
changes of energy density in space, which is occupied
by matter), then volume magnetostriction is a special
case of changes of energy density.
Earlier Vadim A. Chernobrov had described a method
and device to control temporal characteristics of physical
and chemical processes by means of creation of the
magnetic monopole (quasi-monopole). In this magnetic
mono-pole there is a convergent wave, which is created
by several sources situated in the spherical frame.
According to this method in the multilayer spherical
structure where every layer (the so called
“electromagnetic work surface”) is an assembly of
electromagnets, by means of series connection of the
layers the wave is created, which converges to the center
of the device. The device has the same outside magnetic
poles of the electromagnets (and the same inner poles)
and thus a model of macroscopic magnetic monopole
is created.
We assume that at in-phase operation of all sources of
waves, interference of longitudinal waves provides some
change of value of energy density of space in the focus
of the system.
Experimental facts prove that detectors installed in the
center of the device (for example, mechanical or
electromagnetic oscillators) show change of period in
their own oscillations. We have protected them by
shielding them from heat radiation as well as from other
kinds of electromagnetic influence. Thus it is possible
to assert that the detectors decelerate or accelerate their
oscillation period depending on the energy density, which
is generated in the center of the device.
However for the experiments made by means of such a
device, accurate adjustments of all wave sources are
required to provide their in-phase operation. At the
same time, operational stability of the system depends
on the operational stability of each of the wave sources.
Increase of the impulse frequency causes increase of
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 6
the effect; however, it is limited by the parameters of
electromagnets and generator of impulses. Besides, to
increase the effect it is necessary to use more powerful
energy sources since the current in the windings of
electromagnets determines the value of the magnetic
field of the created quasi-monopole.
Since the efficiency of such systems directly depends
on the frequency and the value of changes of energy
density in space, then in the next version of realization
of this technology we suggest using of plasma shells
instead of electromagnetic working surfaces. This will
allow significant improvment in the specific parameters
of the device.
Thus let us consider general engineering principles of
operation and outline the ways to develop this method.
Fig. 1 represents a three-layered electromagnetic emitter.
This electromagnetic emitter is designed according to
the invention in which the directed radiation of wave
of energy density is created along the axis of the device.
Fig. 1
Three-layered electromagnet
Fig. 2
Thr ee-layered electromagnet with fer rite core
The device is designed according to the idea by
Vadim A. Chernobrov for creation of the directed wave
of energy density by means of phase shift in propagation
of impulse front in three current branches, namely
i
1
, i
2
, i
3 . These branches are displaced along the
electromagnet axis at some distance d.
The device works in the following way. When the pulsed
generator is activated, front of current pulse i
0 appears
at the output 4. Impulse front at branch 1 advances
impulse front at branch 2 that is caused by spatial shift
of current branches 1, 2, 3 relatively to each other along
the electromagnet axis at the distance d. Impulse front
at branch 2 in its turn advances impulse front at branch 3
for a certain time T. The second output of the
electromagnet 5 is placed in such a way that impulse
front at branch 1 will phase lag behind the impulse front
at branch 2 (which in its turn will phase lag behind the
impulse front at branch 3) for the same period of time
T. Therefore at branch 5 the united impulse front is
generated again.
Time T can be calculated in the following way:
T=d/c (seconds) (1)
where c is a constant of propagation of impulse front.
This constant is known as velocity of light.
At each impulse the T (i.e. the value of relative lag of
impulse front) is a constant value. Thus high-frequency
consequent excitation of layers of the electromagnet
appears at each impulse. The frequency of the excitation
is calculated in the following way:
f=1/T (2)
where T is relative lag of impulse front in seconds.
There is an example of frequency calculation: for
the shift distance d=7 mm we can calculate a lag
T = (7/2.997924)x10-11=2.335x10-11 (seconds) and
frequency f=1/T approximately comes to 4.28x1010
(Hertz).
Thus this design of three-layered electromagnetic emitter
allows creating the waves of super-high-frequency band
(for example of millimeter range) without the use of a
semiconductor or other radio components.
It is very expedient to use the electromagnets designed
with magnetostrictive material cores, that will
significantly increase energy density of the longitudinal
7 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
wave, which is generated by the multilayer electromagnet.
In Fig. 2 there is an emitter with the core. In the case of
high-frequency ferromagnetic magnetostrictive materials
6 the efficiency of emitter operation significantly
increases.
Fig. 3
Spherical design
Fig. 3 represents the spherical distribution of emitters 7
at the upper 8 and lower 9 hemisphere of the frame
which could be opened in order to place detectors and
different objects inside. It can also allow to establish in
what way the changes of density of space energy
influence the properties of different materials, velocity
of physical and biological processes as well as chemical
reactions. The installation of detectors 10 inside the
device is shown on Fig. 4.
Fig. 4
Detectors inside the system
Another version of design is represented in Fig. 5, where
the suggested method is realized by means of a spherical
electric capacitor with three coats 11, 12, 13. Each
capacitor coat is connected to the outlet of three-phase
pulsed generator 14.
Fig. 5
Three-layered spherical ca pacitor
In this case the wave of energy density is created without
electromagnetic emitters and this principle is not related
to the modelling of magnetic quasi-monopole. The
device operates due to the control unit, which provides
the high-frequency changes of electric potential at each
coat in such a way that the mode of high-frequency
converging or diverging wave of energy density is
created. In fact it is a standard three-phase generator
but it produces not the rotation of the rotor of some
electromotor but “compression” or “decompression”
of aether. Aether is “pumped” in the center of the
device or “pumped out” of the center.
In this case there is no need to tune separate sources of
waves to make the device work in in-phased mode. It
ensures reliability of the device operation if to be
compared to the quasi-monopole. Besides, much less
energy is necessary for the processes of charging and
discharging of multi-layer spherical electric capacitor
than for creation of magnetic field by means of
conductivity currents.
Since the efficiency of such systems directly depends
on the frequency and value of changes of energy density
in space, we suggest the use of plasma shells instead of
electromagnetic work surfaces for the next version of
the device. It will allow significantly improvment in the
specific parameters of the device. For that it is enough
to place the electrodes of the multi-layers capacitor in a
low-pressure gas area and these electrodes should be
made as gauze electrodes. At that the wave is created in
plasma, which is excited layerwise by several gauze
electrodes placed in a spherical space between the inner
and outer spherical bodies of the device. Therefore this
version of design of the device can be considered as
the manipulation of the plasma method.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 8
Fig. 6 is a plan of one more design version. It is made as
an inner frame 15 and outer frame 16, the space between
them is filled with some gas 17. Three electrodes 18, 19
and 20 are connected to the three-phase pulsed generator 21.
Consequent excitation of plasma layers by
electrodes 18, 19 and 20 creates the wave of energy
density. Propagation of this wave can be directed both
to center of the device and from the center of the device.
Fig. 6
Wave in plasma
Fig. 7
Schematic electric circuit
In Fig. 7 there is a schematic electric diagram of the
design.
To conclude. The work on time control has just star ted.
We have clearly determined the main physical principles
of operation of such devices, which can change the
aether density in some given volume of space and thus
influence temporal parameters of any physical process.
The small experimental results today allow us to make
real positive conclusion on availability of this method
and on the possibility of its practical application in
applied aspects. The first aspect is antigravitation
propulsion technology and we are developing the
methods to detect mass (weight) changes in the time
control experiments to prove this applied possibility.
Another area is medical applications of the changes in
the aether density.
Russian Federation patent claim #2003110067 was filled
April 9, 2003. At present time we are interested in
marketing for this technology as well as in search of
additional investment and partners.
References
1. N.A. Kozyrev, Selected works, Leningrad State
Univer sity, 1991
2. I. Prigozhin, Introduction in thermodynamics of
irreversib le processes. M., 1964
3. A.D. Sakharov, Quantum fluctuations of vacuum
in curved space and theory of gravitation, Reports
of USSR Academy of Sciences, vol. 12, 1968, p. 1040
4. “Can the vacuum be engineered for space flight
applications & Overview of theory and
experiments”, Dr. H.E. Puthoff, Infinity Energy, July-
November, 1997
5. K.P. Butusov, Time as physical substance.
Collection of ar ticles “Problems of space and time
in modern natur al science”, Issue 14, L. 1990, pp.
301-311
6. Yu.G. Belostotsky “What is The Time?” Saint-
Petersburg, 1991
7. V.A. Atsukovsky “General etherodynamics”, M.,
1990
8. A.V. Frolov, Physical Principles of The Time
Machine, New Energy Technologies #3(6), pp. 8-
10, Saint-Petersburg, 2002
9. M. Faraday, Experimental researches on
electricity, vol. 3, M. 1959
10.K.P. Butusov, Symmetrization of Maxwell-Lorenz
equation. Problems of Space and Time in modern
natural sciences, vol. 15, L. 1991
11.S.M. Polyakov, O.M. Polyakov “Introduction in
experimental gravitonics”, pp. 58-59, M. 1991
12.V.A. Chernobrov “Mysteries of Time”, M. 1999
9 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Aetherodynamics as a New Field of Physics
Theory and Experiments
Vladimir A. Atsukovsky, Russia
Email: atsuk@dart.ru
A crisis exists these days both in Natural science on the
whole, and, in its basis, i.e. physics. This situation is
caused by fundamental errors in the methodology of
its theory. The postulate method and predominance of
mathematics above physical sense can be also considered
as the reasons for this. Crisis situation has also taken
place in the past and the way out was always to use a
deeper level of matter organization than the accepted
one.
A large amount of material on elementary particles of
matter is collected in ph ysics. It was discovered that all
these particles can be transformed in each other. Besides
that, there was discovered the ability of vacuum to create
such par ticles at strong electromagnetic fields. In this
connection it becomes clear that all these particles and
vacuum have a common building material, i.e. a physical
medium which fills all the world space. This medium
was renamed aether and the element of the medium
was renamed amer.
The worked out methodology of aetherodynamics
allowed determining that aether is a usual viscous
coercible gas for which all laws of usual dynamics of
gases are valid. It has allowed to determine its
characteristics for near-Earth space and then to describe
the structures of primary stable elementary particles (i.e.
proton, neutron, electron, photon, atomic nuclei, atoms
and some molecules) as well as physical essence of
general fundamental interactions (i.e. strong and weak
nuclear interactions, electromagnetic and gravitational
interactions) and some physical phenomena.
Also developed was the model of aether circulation in
the Universe within the limits of perpetually existent
matter, usual Euclidean space, and evenly flowing time.
Formation and decay of matter, formation and decay
of celestial bodies and galaxies as well as functional
classification of galaxies are also included there.
To confirm some theses the author and his research team
conducted several experiments mainly on
electromagnetism that gave positive results. The research
was conducted on testing of the presence of aether wind.
These research works have confirmed the results
obtained by D. Miller in 1925.
Report by Vladimir A. Atsukovsky
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 10
Electromagnetic Gravitational Interaction
Vadim Y. Kosyev, Russia
http://uft.h1.r u; http://uic.nnov.ru/~kovy2
Email: uft@inbox.ru
In the article some mechanisms of electromagnetic
gravitational interaction will be considered in the view
of the Unified Theory of Field, Space and Time. See
the complete description of The Unified Theory of
Field, Space and Time at http://uic.nnov.ru/~kovy2;
http://uft.h1.ru or in the book [1] which has the same
title.
First of all, let us consider the structure of Space-Time
where the radiation propagates. In our World gravitation
is the unique substance which exists everywhere and
gets over any obstacles. There are no known methods
of insulation of gravitational field in modern science. It
is impossible to imagine space and gravita tion separately.
Gravitation exists everywhere where there is some space.
The gravitational field created by all masses of our
metagalaxy is the aether in which cosmic objects moves
and electromagnetic oscillations are propagated. The
space surrounds us since the whole matter carries
gravitational charge of only one sign. From astronomical
research of cosmic space it follows that radius of
metagalaxy is equal to the critical (gravita tional radius)
and hence gravitational potential is equal to c2~1017
[m2/c2] in each point of space.
In our space the sum potential of the electric field is
equal to zero. All bodies and space-time as a whole are
electrically neutral. This assertion follows from two
unique properties of gravitational space-time:
1. Values of electric charges of different signs of
elementary particles are exactly equal.
2. There is an equal number of elementary particles
which carry electric charges of different signs.
If electric potential is equal to zero in the given point
of space then energy of alternating magnetic field passes
entirely to the electric field and radiation gains the
parameters of electromagnetic oscillations. However
electric potential of positive and negative signs can prove
its properties at the simultaneous charging of different
local spatial regions. In the electric field the character
of radiation differs from that one which is observed in
ideal gravitational space-time (without electric potential).
In the presence of electric potential some part of
magnetic energy is spent to create gravitational
alternating field. Radiant energy is absorbed. Electrically
charged spatial regions are perceived by us as filled with
a strong absorbing substance. At the same time if the
potential of the electric field can be compared to the
potential of the gravitational field then spreading of
radiation becomes impossible.
Change of both electric and gravitational field results in
the creation of a magnetic field in the region of spacetime
which has a dual electrogravitational nature. Change
in the magnetic field results in the creation of both
electric and gravitational fields. The amplitude of
electromagnetic and magnetogravitational constituents
of the unified electromagnetic gravita tional oscillations
depends on field potential of opposite nature. The
electromagnetic constituent is determined by
gravitational potential and the magnetogravitational one
is determined by electric potential. Transference of
gravitational masses of matter in electrogravitational
field-aether causes the creation of the proper magnetic
field. Coming from the direction of magnetic field some
force influences upon the moving electrically neutral
masses. This force is similar to Laurence force.
Electromagnetic gravitational converter designed
according to the Searl Effect (Fig. 1) visually demonstrates
the mechanisms of electromagnetic gravitational
interaction. A detailed description of the experiment is
presented in the article [2] by Vladimir Roshschin and
Sergey Godin (see http://www.n-t.org/tp/ts/dms.htm).
11 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
The device consists of a cylindrical stator of about 1
meter in diameter which is sur rounded by 24 cylindrical
rollers. Stator and rollers are made of magnetic material
and they are magnetically linked (there is no contact
between them). Vector of the magnetic field of the stator
and rollers is ver tically oriented along the axis of the
cylinder but it has opposite direction. Rollers are
mounted on the movable separator which circles round
the stator. Each roller rotates on its axis in the same
direction. The weight of the device is 350 kg. During
rest, the device is electrically neutral and has proper
gravitational charge, inertial mass, magnetostatic field of
the stator and rollers.
On rotating of the magnetic system the following effects
were observed:
· Depending on the frequency (up to 35%) the
weight of the device was decreased.
· At a frequency of 550 rpm there is a spontaneous
acceleration of the system and turns of the rotor
abruptly increase (in quadratic dependence). To
stabilize the mode it had to take off the excess energy
to active load (up to 7 kWtt) by means of
electromagnetic transducers.
· Magnetic field was distributed in a room as
concentric surfaces of 5-8 cm thickness and 50-60 cm
period. Depending on speed of rotation of the
magnetic system there was a fixed temperature
decrease from 0 to 8° within the regions of space
which were curved by magnetic field.
· The glowing (corona discharge) appeared around
the working converter.
Appearance of all mentioned effects is caused by the
simultaneous presence of electric, magnetic and
gravitational fields in the area of the converter.
Fig. 1
Electromagnetic gravitational conver ter
Because of the Searl Effect a very complicated
configuration of electric, magnetic and gravitational
fields appears in the device. Rollers having their own
field B rotate around the stator which has its field B.
Cycloidal motion of numerous magnets which are built
in the rollers causes change in the magnetic f lux. EMF
E appears in the area of rotation of the rollers. EMF is
directed along the perimeter around the device. The
electric field creates stationary waves which are registered
around the device as concentric electromagnetic
gravitational walls. Magnetic rollers should be made nonconducting
in such a way as to allow electric field
penetrating inside. In the presence of the electric
potential change of the magnetic flux causes appearance
of gravitational field G. This field is directed along the
perimeter around the device. In the presence of electric
potential the Lorenz force influences the gravita tional
masses of the rollers. These gravitational masses move
in the external magnetic field of the stator. The Lorenz
force is directed transver sely to the velocity along the
cycloid and in the direction of the field B. The value of
the Lorenz force depends on the electrical potential,
magnetic intensity, mass of the rollers and their traverse
speed. The electric potential in its turn depends on speed
of rotation of rotor of the magnetic system. As a result
the Lorenz force depends on speed according to square
law. Rotating gravitational masses of the rollers generate
magnetic field B2. Field B2 generates derived fields E2
and G2 etc.
Spontaneous acceleration of the system does not depend
on the direction of rotation. Directions of fields and
forces change at change of the direction of rotation
that corresponds to acceleration in the opposite
direction. When the direction of rotation is changed
the weight of the device changes. When rotation is in
one direction the field G2 is directed upwards (decrease
of weight), when rotation is in another direction, it is
directed downwards (increase of weight). In the presence
of electrical potential many other interesting but still
unstudied phenomena are observed (f or example, curve
of space, change of speed of time-flow, changes of
ambient temperature…). Magnetogravitational converter
transforms gravitational energy of space-time into
energy of electric field which in its turn is transformed
into mechanical energy of the rotating magnetic system
and electric energy of the load. Energy resources of
the future are not coal and g as reserves or nuclear power.
They are in the inexhaustible energy of gravitational
aether of our space-time.
Reference
1. V.Ya. Kosyev. Unified Theory of Field, Space and Time.
Nizniy Novgorod, “Arabesk”, 2000.
2. New Energy Technologies #1, 2003, p.35.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 12
Medium For Existing of Matter in Nature
Anatoly V. Rykov, Russia
Email: rykov@uipe-ras.scgis.ru
By medium for existing of matter in Nature we
understand physical vacuum which is a category
determining all spheres of matter “life” (from particles
of microworld to gravitational interactions in the
Universe). Matter can not exist without this medium.
Thus a question emerges, viz: how physical science can
be developed without taking this fundamental aspect
into consideration?
According to the Einstein postulate, in a void light always
propagates with limited speed, which does not depend
on the motion mode of a radiating body. It is a statement
of deep physical sense which lies in the fact that only
some physical medium can possess such a property.
Indeed, if velocity of light, which was radiated by a body,
further does not depend on speed of this body then it
is possible only in a certain medium. For example, in air
sound propagates with a certain speed which does not
depend on the speed of the source and is determined
only by density and volume elasticity of air. Thus,
according to the Einstein postulate, there is a physical
medium instead of void and velocity of light depends
on the parameters of this medium (as is well known,
velocity of light is equal to the square root from the
product of inverse values of electrical and magnetic
conductivity of vacuum).
The author of this article made an attempt to research
this physical medium [1]. The author used a well-known
experimental fact that at interaction of a photon with a
charged real particle this photon transforms to electronpositron
pair. Besides, it was taken into consideration
that photon is an electromagnetic phenomenon. The
research allows the following conclusion: the medium
named in physics as vacuum (before the XX century it
was called aether) is created by electric dipoles from (+)
and (-) elementary charges. These dipoles are surrounded
by magnetic (mass) continuum. There were determined
dipole intervals, elasticity of decompression and ultimate
strength of this interval. What does this model of
medium mean?
1. This model is a physical validating for the “birth”
of electron-positron pair at energy which is necessary
to break dipole and create the “clot” of mass of
these two particles. A certain model for the “birth”
of mass must exist. It is not clear as yet but can be
represented as a vortex of magnetic continuum inside
the charge shell of electron and positron.
2. Let us suggest that values of (+) and (-) charges
differ at 7.848981x10-41 Coulomb, then this difference
is sufficient for the medium to be a source of
gravitation and inertia. According to Newton’s law
of gravity, a weak electric charge of medium (all
material bodies exist in this medium) causes all bodies
to attract one another (under Coulomb’s law). On
the other hand, weak medium charge of a like sign
creates repulsive forces which manifest themselves
in the form of the expanding Universe. Thus it
becomes clear the amazing uniformity of gravity and
forces of negative pressure for the Universe. The
mentioned difference of values of (+) and (-)
charges of medium dipoles is not used as arbitrary
parameter but it logically follows from its electrical
structure [2].
3. Hypothesis of nature of gravitation is confirmed
by calculations of the deflection angle of electric
waves by the Sun. Calculated angle differs from the
experimental value only in the fifth sign, which
depends on the accuracy of several physical values
used in calculation formula. There is practically an
absolute coincidence with Einstein’s theory. The
difference is that it is a concept of space and time
(i.e. geometry) which prevails in the general theory
of relativity while in the nature of gravitation physical
basing is used. Velocity of light is unstable and
determined by medium state which depends on
electric, magnetic and gravitational potentials.
4. The existence of “black holes” relates to medium
structure and nature of gravitation. At the edge of
“black holes” the ultimate acceleration from gravity
is realized. It causes breakdown of connections in
electric dipoles of medium, creation of matter and
antimatter (the so called “evaporation” of black holes
which was theoretically predicted by E. Hoking,
England). However at the border of a black hole the
velocity of light is equal to zero since its propagation
13 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
medium disappears. According to Einstein’s theory
it is such a deceleration of time that electromagnetic
oscillations gain zero frequency.
5. Naturally the medium is a carrier of all types of
electromagnetic radiation, beginning at stationary
electric voltage and ending with super-high-frequency
“photons”, which can be determined not as
electromagnetic but as magnetoelectric phenomenon.
In the latter case magnetic continuum of medium
has a crucial importance since it determines very
small degrees of magnetoelectric disturbance. These
degrees are thousands of times less than those of a
hydrogen atom. It is reasonable that such small
degrees creates illusion that a photon possesses
properties of particles.
6. Medium structure directly leads to the notions
of Quantum Mechanics, beginning at quantification
of electronic “orbits” in atoms. This medium
determines the “allowed” spots for electrons to be
placed around a nucleus. Thus medium is a necessary
place for the existence of all matter or matter of the
Universe. The so called Compton length of electron
wave is one of the validations of this statement. It is
directly calculated to a high accuracy according to
electric structure of vacuum.
7. Thus Plank’s constant is not a mysterious
“quantum of action”, on the contrary it is entirely
determined by medium parameters. Thereby the crisis
(which conventional physics is accused of) can be
logically overcame by the introduction of medium
which is capable to take radiation in electromagnetic
region only by quanta. Plank’s constant is always
presented at all quantum approaches. It is additional
evidence in favor of the necessity to take into account
the medium as natural place for existence of all the
matter in Nature.
8. It is still a question what processes take place in
the centers of galaxies. The observations show that
the centers of galaxies create star matter. They often
flow out the centers and settle themselves at
approximately the same plane. It is an evidence of
the fact that centers of galaxies quickly rotate and
the favorable conditions for stars to reject matter
are created. Similarly planetary systems are created
around the rotating stars. It is thought that centers
of galaxies are gigantic black holes. In the context
of the concept of medium for matter existence it
can be set up a hypothesis that being at some special
state the medium creates stellar systems, i.e. galaxies.
9. Astrophysicists more and more trend to accept
the existence of unknown “dark” matter, which
occupies approximately 70% of all matter. It is said
that due to antigravitation property this dark matter
is responsible for the expansion of the Universe.
Hypothesis on the nature of gravitation gives the
affirmative replies to such suggestions as: expansion
of the Universe is caused by weak electric charge of
the medium and distributed mass of magnetic
continuum is the very dark matter.
10.All elementary particles (electrons, positrons,
mesons, protons, neutrons etc.) are in the medium
and interact with it. In the case of electrons and
positrons this interaction causes the great extension
of dipoles of medium which directly adjoins to
borders of particles. This extension helps photons
to break the particles. In case of protons, there is
such a breakdown of the medium at their borders
that protons turn to be dressed in “coats” of virtual
electrons and positrons. And medium is shown to
be in entire state only when reaching the first Bohr
orbit. This interaction of the medium and particles
leads to the factors which determine the life time of
some of them. Thus life time of a neutron is up to
30 minutes depending on the state which it has while
leaving the nucleus. For mesons “the tearing”
Coulomb forces, which exist between the medium
and particles, are very powerful that makes the life
time of mesons very short. However if the particles
moves with a high speed relatively to the medium,
then these forces noticeably decrease and if the
speeds of motion is close to velocity of light then
these forces become very small. The life time of such
particles noticeably increases. In Einstein’s theory it
is said about “deceleration” of time. Finally the life
time of particles is determined by the inner steadiness
and outer influence of the medium. Protons have
fantastic binding energy and they cause such great
external destructive effect that their life time becomes
immense.
11.When particles move in medium with high speeds,
there is a concentration of magnetic continuum
which is recognized as increase of mass of particles
at increase of their speed. Evidently, we can continue
the list of physical phenomena which relate to the
presence of medium for existing of matter in Nature.
However it seems to be enough to admit that medium
(physical vacuum, aether) is of a great importance
for the very existence of the Universe and for the
processes which take place there. “Mechanism” of
gravitation and inertia has a special importance since
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 14
it is the only thing which can make clear the real
mechanism of Nature. It is possible that the
methodology, which is accepted in physics, is
necessary for more accurate description of
phenomena but it is not enough for understanding
of the nature of “space” and matter. Research of
the medium for existing of matter will be able to
meet the conditions sufficiency.
The understanding of vacuum structure, which is created
by electric lattice from charge dipoles, surrounded with
magnetic continuum, gives an opportunity to control
the forces of gravitation and inertia. The medium of
vacuum can be influenced by:
1. The radiation which has frequencies coming to
the frequency from point #11 of the list of
parameters.
2. Electric voltages which exist in vacuum (it is not
very promising because of real matter breakdown).
3. Magnetic intensities (magnetic flux density). It is
the most promising influence method (1-10 Tesla is
enough to compensate terrestrial gravity).
4. Transformations of low accelerations to high
accelerations of impact type.
Potential electric and magnetic energy is immense in
vacuum medium. Reasoning from energy of one dipole,
which is equal to 1.6x10 (-13) Joule, we will derive the
value of electric energy equal to about 10 (+31) Joule
per one cubic meter of the medium that is equivalent to
mass annihilation of 10 (+15) kg!
References
1. Rykov A.V. Foundations of aether theory// RAS, M., 2000,
p. 54
2. Rykov A.V. Hypothesis on the nature of gravitation// MSU,
M., 2001, pp. 59-63
Spartak M. Polyakov
(09 January, 1931 – 04 June, 2003)
Spartak M. Polyakov, a legendary physicist-experimentalist, known for his research in the
field of gravitation, has died. Polyakov was the author of more than 50 research works,
among them “Introduction into experimental gravitonics». Polyakov was the creator of the
new model of photon. He also conducted numerous research in the field of electrodynamics,
gravitational phenomena and superlight
connection.
Spartak M. Polyakov graduated from
Kishinev State University with degree
in “General Physics”. For many years
he worked at the top secret military
engineering department “Istok”
(Russia).
Plyakov’s alternative physical theory allows explaining such phenomena
as magnetostriction and optical magnetization. The basic postulate of
this theory states that the speed of propagation of gravitational waves
is dozens of times faster than velocity of light regarded by the traditional
science as the limit. In his experiments Polyakov demonstrated such
methods of generation of gravitational waves as precession of
gyroscope and remagnetization of ferromagnetic.
While working for “Istok”, Polyakov designed on his own a device
which is possibly the first gravitational motor in history. Total specific
thrust produced by rotation of gravitating mass comes to 2.5 kg/kWt.
This index is close to that produced by the engines of modern
helicopters, which is equal to 8 kg/kWt. Practical application and further
development of Polyakov’s ideas can provide humanity with new kinds
of communication, gravitational engines and free energy devices.
15 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Principle of Operation and Experimental Data
Sergey S. Abramov, Russia
Email: a_serge@cards.lanck.net
Adams’ motor-generator
represents the type of devices
which use, as their creators
claim, so-called “free energy”.
The term “Zero point energy”
is also used in some sources [1,
2]. Due to quanta-mechanical
fluctuations, this energy exists
even at zero temperature.
Adams’ motor-generator
belongs to the group of Switch
reluctance motors [3]. Robert Adams, former Chairman
of the Institute of Electrical Electronics Engineers,
USA (New Zealand section), designed this machine
in the late sixties of 20th century. Similarly to all the
devices utilizing free energy (referred to in come sources
as “overunity devices”), Adams’ device remains
practically unknown to the general public. The device
is rather simple to assembled even at home, which
I experimentally proved. However, it is necessary
to be very careful while choosing the model
parameters. As to the latter I have managed to
collect quite a big number of instructions from
existing sources; the summary of these instructions
is presented below in this article. Based on these
instructions, a low-power model can be assembled
even without a mathematical analysis and modeling
of electroma gnetic field. Such model would
certainly facilitate optimization of the device.
Adams’ motor is most frequently a DC machine;
however, it can also use an AC source through a rectifier.
In the latter case only the adjustment of the device and
its control system can be provided.
Editorial: We disagree with some assertions of the
author; however this article is of great interest.
My experiments on my own model do not yet allow me
to make an unambiguously positive conclusion
concerning the possibility to generate excessive energy.
Experiments with my new control system designed on
the base of AVR controller AT90s2313-10PI (it is
produced by Atmel company (http://www.atmel.com)
will allow to be more specific. Below there is a general
analysis of the motor principle of operation and a
number of recommendations concerning the
construction and technology. I do not propose to take
this as compulsory rules to follow; other technical
solutions are possible.
Basing on the principle described in this article,
R. Adams (the link to his articles is available at:
http://www.aethmogen.com/wri/intro.shtml) created
a few DC motor-generators which operate on permanent
magnets. Some of them, according to information found
on the Internet, have manifested 690% electrical
efficiency and 620% mechanical efficiency. These devices
operate at room temperature without overheating. My
device has shown between 1 and 3 degrees overheating
after an hour of functioning. However, it is easy to prove
that such overheating is predictable for an average
current of 0.15 À in coils of 35 mm long and 25 mm in
cross sectional diameter. I have not been able to prove
the data published on the Internet concerning the Adams
motor capability to operate when the stator temperature
is a few degrees lower than that of the environment.
The temperature of the coil and of the power transistor
is a good indicator of correctness of the cir cuit set-up
and of functioning of the control circuit. There were
cases when transistor and coil were noticeably heated
after adjustment. Usually this was explained by a bad
choice of points of transistor switching or by too
extensive cur rent impulses in the stator (which must
amount to approximately 25% of period length). After
the required adjustment the motor continued to operate
almost without overheating.
Adams’ motor was first mentioned in Australian Nexus
Magazine in 1992. Later, Harold Aspden (Britain)
proposed a slightly improved version of the motor and
received Great Britain patent No. 282708 [4], which
strongly reminds of the original version published by
the above magazine. Adams’ device represents an
electrical motor and/or generator consisting of a rotor
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 16
with radially directed permanent magnets and of a stator
also constructed with a few radially directed and
periodically magnetized cores with winding. (Fig. 1). In
some models axial orientation of magnets and coils are
also used.
Permanently magnetized poles of rotor can include any
number of poles, even an odd number. Analogous poles
of the magnets (all N poles or all S poles) are directed
outside. A version with alternating poles is also possible;
such model allows the torque to increase. In this case,
after passing a rotor pole the stator is demagnetized by
the current impulse and begins to be attracted by the
magnet of differ ent polarity. This circuit requires a more
complicated control; on the other hand, it manifested
rather good results in certain models.
Poles with winding placed on the rotor are radially
oriented in order to obtain a supply of energy emerging
as a result of the influence of counter emf from the
rotor poles. Steel or iron cores are used for the poles of
the stator with winding. It is also possible to use other
materials, at that the core must have high magnetic
inductivity and low level of magnetization reversal losses.
The stator winding consists of a few hundred turns.
The cur rent inducted by the magnet in this winding will
have the polarity which will cause repulsion of the
magnet. Since the electromagnetic sta te of stator changes
quite significantly and quite fast, then the stator core
can be considered to be the most crucial element of the
device. Ignoring this fact was one of the most frequent
mistakes made by those who tried to reproduce Adams
motor.
The current inducted in the stator is the function of:
· field size,
· number of winding turns,
· speed of flux changes.
Resultant parameters of this device cause each pole to
be attracted or repulsed by stator poles when the rotor
is in certain position in case when the rotor is unbalanced.
To achieve this effect it is required to switch the input
current in control coils after the signal from sensor of
rotor position. R. Adams used a mechanical switch as a
sensor. My device and a number of other devices use
the signal from two Hall sensors. However, according
to experimenters’ information, better results are achieved
if a position optical sensor is used.
Time of switching of impulses is determined by the
size of the motor itself, i.e. the speed of motor rotation,
location of rotor magnets towards the stator windings
and the distance the rotor magnets pass while moving
by the poles with stator winding.
It is necessary to take into account that
any part of this motor can be modeled
based on the existing electromagnetic
theory and no part of the motor is in
conflict with any laws of
electromagnetism. There are so many
ways to construct Adams’ motor that
any version may be considered to be
correct.
One can say that the frequently
pulsating electromagnetic process in
the stator core is what allows Adams’
device to function as a kind of diode
which borrows energy from the field
of permanent magnet but then does not return that
energy in full.
5 stages can be defined in the periodical process which
takes place in sta tor:
1. The magnet is attracted to the stator core. The
permanent magnet is attracted to the iron core of
the stator with winding. While doing so no
consumption of electrical cur rent takes place. It is
as if kinetic energy is borrowed from an internal
ferrite magnetic source and is supposed to be
returned into the stator.
2. Stator core is magnetized. During the period when
the magnet is positioned in front of stator core they
both comprise a single magnetic conductor with an
air gap and the stator core becomes an extension of
the magnet side it faces. It is usually supposed that
the energy “borrowed” on the first stage is g etting
back now.
3. Stator core is demagnetized. When the stator core
becomes rotor magnet extension, the circuit closes
and current impulse gets to stator windings. I have
seen the instructions saying that the angle between
17 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
stator axles and rotor magnet must amount to 7-8
degrees as shown in Fig. 1. However, my model made
it clear that at increase of speed of rotation it is
necessary to start the coil a little earlier, when the
magnet axle has not reached the stator axle. Probably
this applies to the circuit with a Hall sensor only and
if an optical switching is used the making angle will
be different.
Magnetic field of this current acts to compensate
magnetization of the stator, which is caused by the
field of rotor magnet. Consequently, the summed
current significantly compensates attr active force
between rotor and stator and the rotor can freely
rotate by using the inertia obtained at stage 1. This
process is characterized by the f act that this current
impulse is amplified by the current inducted in the
stator winding by rotor magnet which, in accordance
with Lentz law (1834), counteracts the power which
induced it. Consequently, kinetic energy obtained as
a result of attraction of the rotor to the stator at
stage 1 is transformed into electrical demagnetizing
impulse in stator winding during the period when
the rotor and stator directions are congruent. This is
the unique overunity characteristic of this model.
However it is obvious that instead of returning this
energy the motor transforms it into electromagnetic
demagnetizing field.
4. Restoration: when the rotor is removed from the
stator attraction zone the latter looses energy and
returns to its initial demagnetized state. Decreasing
electromagnetic field creates a current wave of
reverse polarity which can be stored in the capacitor.
5. Reiteration of the process: This periodical process
is renewed as described in stage 1 during the next
magnetization of the stator, excluding the fact that
emf preliminarily stored in the capacitor, on term
of presence of suitable electrical circuit, can be used
for f acilitating stator demagnetization or even used
to supply the load.
It may be brief ly summarized that the frequently
pulsating electromagnetic process in the stator core is
what allows Adams device to function as a kind of diode
which borrows energy from the field of the permanent
magnet but does not return that energy in full. The
important characteristic of such motors is that the stator
windings are used for demagnetizing and not for
magnetizing as it could seem from the first sight.
It is notewor thy that there is a small pause between
attraction to the stator and repulsion from the stator.
The effect of attraction to the core takes place a split
second before the repulsion effect manifests clearly. This
pause being the reason of electromagnetic asymmetry
creates conditions necessary for achieving overunity
effect. If the attraction to the core and repulsion by
means of Lentz currents were taking place
simultaneously and with the same power there would
not be any over unity characteristics. That is why the rotor
must be as lightweight as possible. From this point of
view, T. Harwood’s model is the most lightweight of
the known models. In Harwood’s device the magnets
are mounted between two CD disks fixed on the shaft
by means of plastic washers and glue. My model is
heavier, which can be considered as one of its
disadvantages.
The principle of operation of Adams’ motor is based
on the balance, which creates the electromagnetic
asymmetry. To get the motor to operate the magnet must
be attracted to the stator core which must have a smaller
cross-section area in order to create attraction without
any significant repulsion effect from the stator windings
mentioned above. When stator and rotor axles are
congruent the Lentz induced current must be sufficient
for compensating the natural attraction of the magnet
to the stator core. Consequently, stator windings must
have enough turns for demagnetizing effect, but not to
the extent that this effect fully manifests before the rotor
reaches the stator axle when Lentz current has its
maximal value.
During my experiments at 12 V voltage and on using
two independently controlled stator coils the speed of
rotation reached 3400 rpm. Please note that while
reproducing such device it is necessary to take certain
measures in order to ensure safety in case of possible
breakdown. The magnet disconnected from the rotor
may be dangerous!
Technological recommendations are as f ollows:
1. The device must be low power. It is better not to
try to begin with a motor functioning in kilowatt
range. This is feasible only on condition of having
all necessary technological documentation which is
not available at the moment.
2. The preferable voltage for the first model is 12 V.
If the voltage is less the speed of rotation is too
slow for indicating the expected characteristics of
the device.
3. The best magnets are ferrite ones with dimensions
4x4x5 (where 5 is the magnet length). The practice
has shown that at 12 V voltage neodymium-ironboric
(NdFeB) magnets cause a jerky rotation of the
rotor.
4. The side of the stator core facing the rotor must
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 18
have the size which is 4 times smaller than the
corresponding side of the
magnet. If cross-section area
of the stator is larger, a bigger
part of magnet field comes to
the stator core when their axles
coincide and thus there is
nothing to induce Lentz’
currents in the stator windings.
It is a common point of view
that it is necessary to try to
minimize the volume of a
device and to obtain the maximum efficiency at
minimal material expense. In practice, it has always
been the goal while designing electrical machines to
decrease losses in stator I2R. As for the Adams motor,
it requires not only the use of disproportionate
magnets but also stator windings with
disproportionate number of turns specially designed
to obtain maximum Lentz’ currents that is achieved
by hundred of turns of winding.
5. It is necessary to define approximately the
effective zone of the magnet field. If practically
applicable magnet field is equal to, for example, 8
cm, and the stator has a 10 cm long winding, then
more than 20% of turns will not be efficiently crossed
by magnetic force lines and will only create an
excessive mass of the device. To define the degree
of effective action of the magnet we can put a
paperclip on the table and move it gradually in
direction of the magnet until
the paperclip is attracted to it.
Actually if we take into account
friction losses then the magnet
influence zone will be a little
larger. That is why the stator
winding in the axle direction
can be 10% larger than that in
this experiment. The description
of this test has been found
on Tim Harwood’s we bsite
(http://www.geocities.com/theadamsmotor/cdmotor.html).
6. The air gap clearance between the stator and the
rotor must not exceed 1 1.5 mm.
7. Use as little metal in the device as possible. It is
preferable that the metal is used in the core and stator
windings only.
In order to increase the efficiency of this motor, it is
necessary to build it in a manner, which allows removing
the counter emf from the stator windings. To do that,
this emf may be taken off and stored in the capacitor.
The article published by Nexus magazine and Great
Britain patent No. 282708 consider special generator
windings; however , no sufficiently detailed data on
operating rules are provided. Michael Smith (Australia,
http://www.Fortunecity.com/greenfield/bp/16/content1.htm)
has unequivocally informed me in one of his letter s that
Fig. 2
Control circuit with hall sensors
19 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
he has not achieved generation of excessive energy in
such a system. During his experiments a two-battery
circuit proved to be more effective. In this circuit, during
a part of periodical process the energy is stored in the
capacitor and then a
command is
transferred to a
thyristor, which
discharges it into the
second battery. At
that capacity, the
second battery must be no less than 4 times more than
the capacity of the first one. Otherwise the excessive
energy does not have enough time to be stored during
the discharge. I have also managed to provide the charge
of the second battery, but the control circuit has not
been assembled fully yet, as it is shown below in Fig. 4.
Better results are expected when its final adjustments
together with AT90s2313 controller program have been
made.
I managed to start my first model of the motor in
April, 2002. Afterwards, I spent approximately six
months increasing its rotational speed from 750 to 3200-
3400 rpm, decreasing vibrations and improving control
circuit. In order to achieve a better rotor balance I had
to re-construct it twice. It is very important to align the
axles of the bearings with maximum precision; otherwise
a considerable decelerating torque will manifest. The
shaft penetrates the lower
moving base. It is
possible to rotate the base
at a small angle for the
precise alignment of
axles and then to fix it
with screws and nuts.
In order to decrease aerodynamic losses, two veneer
parts are mounted between the magnets. Thus I managed
to increase the speed, although the rotor weight has also
been increased.
Stator cores are made of plates taken from a
disassembled radio transformer. Tim Harwood used
nails with winding, however, my own results with such
core proved to be poor. Dimensions of the core are
10x11x50 mm.
The type of power source is also important. First, I
connected a 9 Volt accumulator of “Krona” type in series
Fig. 3
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 20
with three metal-hydride 1.2 V accumulator s. The speed
of rotation did not exceed 1500 rpm. But when I used a
lead/acid accumulator with 1.3 Ah capacity, the speed
increased to 2600 rpm if there was one coil on the stator.
Four magnets mounted on the rotor have the dimensions
of 20x20x35 mm and are fixed on a 105 mm glass fiber
laminate disk. The current impulses proved to be too
wide, by up to 40%. In order to make them shorter
(down to 25-30%), I had to use the control circuit
(Fig. 2) with two Hall sensors. At the signal from the
first sensor the stator current is started, the second
sensor switches it off. Many experimenters used a timer
to control the impulse length while working with Adams’
motor that is more practical since impulses are supposed
to be wider during the start. I took this factor into
account while designing the controller circuit. Current
impulses are shown in Fig. 3. Their fronts are supposed
to be shorter; it is probable that the coil has more
inductivity than necessary. The impulses amplitudes are
slightly different which is explained both by the
difference in volume of induction of the magnets and by
difficulty in achieving similar air gaps while working at
home.
I have provided the charge mode of the 2-nd battery at
my two-battery design. After 75 minutes of operation
of the device the source lost 0.17 Volt whereas the
second battery was charged at 0.36 Volt. The capacity
of both batteries in this experiment was equal. Besides
after such charging the second battery started to
discharge quickly. The circuit where stator current
charges the battery directly has to be considered
ineffectual (see Fig. 1). To evaluate the charge, which is
gained in non-hermetic accumulators, the density of
electrolyte can be measured.
To obtain a more uniform torque I added the second
stator which is controlled independently. This required
installing two mor e Hall sensors and an additional power
transistor. The angle between axles of the coils amounts
to 135 (180-90.2=135) degrees. When the current is
present in one part of the stator it is absent in another
and vice versa. The speed has increased up to 3200-
3400 rpm, and I deemed the further increasing of this
characteristic unnecessary.
Increasing the number of circuit elements does not seem
a good idea. Futhermore the adjustment process
becomes more complicated. In order to improve the
circuit of battery charge adding a timer circuit is required.
Thus, I decided to use a controller cir cuit. A simple Basic
program has been developed for AVR controllers. This
program operates in mode similar to transistor circuit,
but its capability can be significantly increased due to
the built-in processor timers. Today program
improvement is the most efficient way to solve the task
of generation of excess energy in this circuit.
This article is meant to elucidate the principles of
operation of one of the simplest devices which pretend
to become an “overunity device”, “free energy machine”,
“perpetual motion machine”, whatever you call it.
Probably someone will try to create such motorgenerator
s on their own. I hope that my article will serve
as a guide and will help to avoid the mistakes made by
many experimenters (including myself) before they
managed to build their own model.
References
1. Puthoff H.E. Source of vacuum electromagnetic
zero-point energy. Phys. Rev. A 40.4857-4862; also
44. 3385-3386
2. Bernard Haich, Alfonso Rueda, Puthoff H.E.
Physics of the zero-point field: implications for
inertia, gravitation and mass. Speculation in Science
and Technology, Vol.20, p.p. 99-114, 1997 (preprint
version)
3. Miller, Switched Reluctancó Motors & Their
Controls, ISBN: 10881855-02-03
4. Patent No. GB 2,282,708 (from NEN,Vol. 4, No.
8, December 1996, pp. 1-7).
Infinite Energy Magazine
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21 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Dmitry Yu. Tsipenyuk, Russia
119991, Vavilo v str., 38, Moscow
E-mail: tsip@kapella.gpi.ru
A series of preliminary experiments
on checking the possibility of
generation of gravitational field at
deceleration of charged massive
particles in matter was carried out.
Introduction
In previous works [1-3]
generalization of the special theory
of relativity (STR) for the five-dimensional extended
space with metric (+;-,-,-,-) was offered.
The model of extended space (ESM), combining
electromagnetic and gravitational interactions, was made.
For this, there was made (1+3)-dimensional space
extension of Minkovsky to (1+4)-
dimensional space . Let us call it extended
space. As the 5-th additional coordinate the value already
existing in Minkovsky space, i.e, S interval
s2 = (ct) 2 – x 2 – y2 – z2 (1),
is used.
Let us note that attempts to combine gravitation and
electromagnetism have a substantial background.
Modern approaches to this problem trace back to the
work of F. Klein [10] in which he proved that classical
Hamiltonian mechanics can be represented as optics in
the space of a great number of dimensions.
Then T. Kaluza tried to generalize Einstein’s theory of
gravitation to include electromagnetism in this theory
as well [11]. He proposed to consider (1+4)-dimensional
space with metric depending on potentials of the
electromagnetic field. Kaluza’s idea was evolved by O.
Klein [12], G. Mandel [13] and V. Fock, and the model
they had created got the name of the Kaluza-Klein
theory. They proved that the trajectory of a charged
particle has the form of a geodesic line with zero-length
in 5-dimensional space.
In his works on 5-optics Y. Rummer [15] proposed to
assign action dimensionality to the new dimension and
to consider it periodical with the period equal to Plank’s
constant. Note that rest mass of particles in all these
constructions unlike the model of extended space
evolved in the works [1-7] was considered a fixed value.
Subsequent development of multidimensional theories
is given in the monograph [16].
A separate approach is represented by multidimensional
constructions in the theory of strings and superstrings [17].
Approach to construction of (1+4) dimensional space
evolved in [18] is close to the proposed model of
extended space. Here it is proposed to use mass (matter)
as the 5-th coordinate. However, in this model, as its
originators admit, it is impossible, for example, to create
the energy-pulse tensor. There is no such disadvantage
in the extended space model [8].
Mechanics of a material point [1, 2, 7] and
electrodynamics [1, 8] were made in the introduced
extended space. Besides Lienar-Vihert potentials [6, 19]
corresponding to such a model were also considered
and properties of solutions of Maxwell augmented
system of equations which are in conformity with these
potentials were analyzed there.
Gravitational effects in extended space, such as the
second orbital velocity, red shift and light def lection [4,
20, 21] were considered. It is proved that the formulas
received in the general theory of relativity for calculation
of values of these effects can be received by an
absolutely different method within the framework of
the extended space model as well.
It was proved [6, 19] that the fields in the model of
extended space can change their signs. Such change of
field-intensity sign and, consequently, change of sign
of Lorenz force can be associated with radiation reaction
of these fields which occurs when charged par ticles
move with acceleration.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 22
Thus, on the one hand, it was proved in the model of
extended space that it is possible to get certain formulas
describing gravitational effects of the general theory of
relativity [4,20] using the technique of turns in extended
space. On the other hand, it was proved that the
electromagnetic field can be a source of gravita tional
field [6, 19].
Besides, a moving massively charged particle under
deceleration can create a variable gravitational field
around itself [9, 6, 19]. The following experiment was
offered for experimental check of the latter assumption.
In this experiment probable occurrence of gravita tional
field at deceleration of relativistic electrons was
determined by change of oscillations of a massive
torsion pendulum.
Experimental device
A narrow bunch of relativistic electrons from a
microtron 1 (average power of the bunch is 450 Wt,
electrons energy is 30 MeV) was directed to a brake target
(position 2 or 3) made of wolfram exactly where
deceleration of accelerated electrons took place.
A special torsion pendulum suspended on a ver tical
suspender 5 made of a springy metallic string with 1,8
mm diameter was placed near the brake target to register
gravitational field which could probably appear at
electrons deceleration. The length of the suspender
made is 85 cm. The pendulum could rotate freely on
the suspender only in horizontal plane.
The pendulum consisted of a light aluminum rod 4 (with
a length of 120 cm) on the ends of which massive loads
6 and 7 made of non-magnetic material were fixed. The
weight of each load was equal to 4kg. In the center a
pendulum was fastened to a vertical suspender 5 by a
special mounting preventing slippage during turns. To
reduce the influence of magnetic inducings the
pendulum was grounded and additionally screened by
metallic grid from all sides. The period of free
oscillations of the pendulum made were about 40 s.
Rigidity of the pendulum vertical suspender could be
changed by means of limiting the length of ef fectively
operating part of the suspender. As a result, the period
of oscillations could be continuously changed within
the limits of 40 to 27 s.
To reduce the influence of mechanical noise and to
introduce additional attenuation in pendulum oscillations
two liquid dampers 10 and 11 located near the pendulum
massive loads were used.
Fig. 1
Experimental device
1 – microtron, brake target made of wolfram – positions 2
or 3, 4 – rod, 5 – ver tical suspender, 6 and 7 – massive
loads, 8 – mirror, 9 – He-Ne laser, 10 and 11 – liquid
dampers, 12 – optical system, 13 – concrete protection,
14 – observation channel, 15 – video system, 16 – screen.
Pendulum deflections were observed on a graduated
screen by deflection of a laser beam reflected from a
flat mir ror 8. For this, the beam from a continuous He-
Ne laser 9 through the optical system 12, which constricts
the divergence angle of the laser beam, was directed to
the mirror through a special narrow channel 14, located
in concrete protection 13 around the microtron. By
means of a video system 15 the beam reflected by the
mirror was registered on the screen 16 located at a
distance of 500 cm from the mirror. The video system
allowed remote checking of vibrations of the laser spot
and additionally enlarged the visual angle up to 12 times.
The diameter of a focused laser beam on the screen
was made 0.15 mm. The maximum turn angle of
pendulum for the reflected beam to remain within the
receiving channel was approximately 2 degrees. The
accuracy of turn angle registration of the whole system
was 5x10-4 degrees.
The pendulum was placed in such a way that one of the
massive loads were close to the brake target at a distance
23 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
of about 20 cm. There was also an opportunity to move
the brake target from one end of the pendulum (position 2)
to the other (position 3). This allowed changing the place
of deceleration of electron bunch at constant parameters
of all unaccounted mechanical noise and magnetic
inducing. Thus, direction of pendulum torsion was
changed under probable exposure of occurring
gravitational radiation.
Below there is a photo of the experimental plant (see
also the colored photo on the cover page).
Calibration Measurements
To make measurements it was necessary to select optimal
parameters of the pendulum (masses of loads, suspender
rigidity and the value of oscillations attenuation). On
the one hand, while carrying out the measurement it is
desirable that the amplitude of pendulum oscillations
should be as maximal as possible. On the other hand,
the beam reflected from the mirror should not go outside
the limits of observation, restricted by the diameter of
the narrow observation channel in radiation protection
around the accelerator. Besides, the typical operating time
of the loaded accelerator usually is 10-15 minutes.
Necessity to accumulate the minimum of sufficient
statistical data within this time limited oscillations period
and the time of setting of the pendulum in a new
equilibrium position at outside influence. All these
requirements were as far as possible taken into account
during selection of the final setting parameters.
An example of free oscillations of the pendulum in the
presence of minor mechanical vibrations caused by the
operating of vacuum pumps is given in Fig. 2, series I
(the experiment took place on 31 May, 2001). The
diagram shows the amplitude of laser beam oscillations
on the screen 16 (upper and lower rows of values)
depending on the number of oscilla tion. The laser beam
is reflected from the mirror 8 which was fixed to the
pendulum. The diagram also shows the current central
equilibrium position (the central row) calculated by these
amplitudes. Series I represents oscillations at influence
of the background mechanical noise. Series II represents
the response of the pendulum to minor permanent
outside force. Accuracy in determination of position
of the center of a light spot was 0.1 mm.
Fig. 2
Calibration Measurement 31 May, 2001
Measurement was carried out with one liquid damper in
service and with increased rigidity of suspender (it was
made by means of limiting the effectively operating
suspender length). The period of free oscillations in
these series was 29 sec. In this case there were set
continuous oscillations of the pendulum around the
average value of balance of 2.2 mm with the average
amplitude of values fluctuation of about 0.2 mm.
Air cooling of one of the massive loads by a very light
continuous air flow was carried out to study response
of the pendulum to a minor constant external force. In
this case (Fig. 2 Series II) noticeable change of pendulum
oscillations already took place after 3-4 periods. Absolute
setting of a new balance took place after 7-8 oscillations.
In the case of another series of calibration measurement
(held on 7 June, 2001) both liquid dampers were used
and rigidity of suspender was decreased. The period of
free oscillations of pendulum was about 40 sec.
Addition of the second damper and decrease of
suspender rigidity caused, on the one hand, increase
amplitude of pendulum oscillations at influence of the
external force and, on the other hand, in that case
noticeable change of the equilibrium position of the
pendulum took place after 1-2 oscillations.
Periodical checking of the invariability of initial central
position of pendulum balance in time was also carried
out. Thus, for example, in the series of measurement
of 7 June 2001 measurement of equilibrium position
was checked not only before the star t of the main series
of measurement, but also 2 hours after completion of
the main works.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 24
Experimental Results and Their Analysis
Within the period from 17 May, 2001 to 7 June, 2001 7
measurement series were carried out at various operation
modes of the accelerator and at various pendulum
parameters.
A record of check of equilibrium position of the
pendulum was carried out before and after switching
off the electron bunch (as well as during calibration
measurement). At the same time, all electric inducing
and mechanical noise remained stable within the whole
measurement period. This was achieved by means of
additional switching on all the devices which were used
during measurement (water and vacuum pumps,
magnetron, deflecting magnets, etc.) and their switching
off only on completion of the measurements.
In Fig. 3 there are results on measuring the central
position of the pendulum when brake target is in
position 3 (see Fig. 1). Series I and III on the diagram
correspond to check measurement directly before
switching on and several minutes after switching off
the electron bunch. Series II-À and II-Â totally ref lect
pendulum oscillations at the time when the accelerator
is operating (for about 10 minutes) and for some time
after the bunch is off. Additionally, a trend line is drawn
(averaging by 3 points).
Fig. 3
Measurement of central position of pendulum equilibrium
when brake target is in position 3.
Results of a similar experiment are given in Fig.4. The
only difference in this experiment is that the brake target
is in position 2. Also a trend line is added (averaging by
3 points). Series I and III are check measurements made
directly before switching on and after switching off the
electron bunch. Series II are pendulum oscillations at
the time when accelerator is operating.
Fig. 4
Brake target in position 2
From qualitative comparison of trend lines (Fig. 3 and
Fig. 4) it can be derived that there is a correlation
between switching on the electron bunch and the
average deflection of the pendulum from
equilibrium position if compared to checked series
before and after switching on. At that, direction of
deflection changes depending on what pendulum
load the brake target is close to.
Unfortunately, due to circumstances beyond the control
of the author it seems to be difficult to improve
experiments accuracy or to accumulate much of
statistical data by now. Estimate of the value of the force
which may cause such a shift of position of pendulum
equilibrium was carried out. In the experiments this
deflection did not exceed 1-2 mm (in the units of
registering scale). Calibration of a rigid suspender (if it
applies to a massive load at a pendulum end) gives
the upper boundary of this force of not more than 10−6 N.
Conclusion
A series of experiments were made on checking the
possibility to generate a field at deceleration of charged
massive particles in matter.
Electrons accelerator was used as a source of charged
partic les. A narrow bunch of relativistic electrons
(average beam power is 450 Wt, electrons energy is about
30 MeV) was directed at a brake target made of wolfram
where deceleration of accelerated electrons took place.
Measurement proved appearance of statistically reliable
deflection of a torsion pendulum, one of massive loads
of which was located close to a brake target by the time
of deceleration of relativistic electrons.
Change of direction of pendulum torsion at shift of a
brake target from one end of the pendulum to the other
was also registered. The value of the force which causes
pendulum deflection has the upper boundary of N.
25 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Of course, these first experimental results on checking
the predictions made on the basis of development of
the model of extended space are of preliminary nature
and need more thorough checking. That will be the basis
of future experiments.
References
1. Tsipenyuk D. Yu. Andreev V. A, “Extended space
and model of combined interaction”, Short reports
on physics FIAN, No.6, pp. 23-24, (2000); gr-qc/
0106093
2. Tsipenyuk D. Yu., Andreyev V. A., “Explored
in Russia” E-magazine,60, (1999);
http://zhurnal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/1999/060.pdf
3. Tsipenyuk D. Yu., Andreyev V. A., “Structure of
extended space”, Preprint IOFAN, 5, 25p., Moscow,
(1999)
4. Tsipenyuk D. Yu., “Field transformation in the
model of extended space: prediction and
experimental test”, Gravitation&Cosmology, Vol.7,
No.4(28), pp336-338, (2001); physics/0203017
5. Tsipenyuk D. Yu., “Field transformation in the
extended space model: prediction and experimental
test”, Short reports on physics FIAN, No, 7 p.39-49,
(2001); physics/0107007
6. Tsipenyuk D. Yu., Andreyev V. A., “Lienar-Vihert
potentials for the extended space model”, Short
reports on physics FIAN, No 6 p.3-15,
Moscow,(2002); physics/0302006
7. Tsipenyuk D. Yu., “Explored in Russia” emagazine,
81, p.907-916, (2001);
http://zhurnal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2001/081.pdf
8. Tsipenyuk D. Yu., Andre yev V. A.,
“Electrodynamics in extended space”, Preprint
IOFAN, 9, 26p., Moscow, (1999)
9. Tsipenyuk D. Yu., Andreyev V. A., “Interaction
in extended space”, Preprint IOFAN, 2, 25p.,
Moscow,(2000)
10.Klein F. Zeits.f.Math.a.Phys., 375, (1901) (see
translation in collection “Variation principles of
mechanics”, Ì.: Physmatgis, 1960)
11.Kaluza Th. Sitz.d.Preuss.Akad., 966, (1921) (see
translation in collection “Albert Einstein and gravics”,
Ì.: Mir, 1979)
12.Klein O. Zeits.f.Phys., 37,895, (1926)
13.Mandel H. Zeits.f.Phys., 39,136, (1926)
14.Fock V. Zeits.f.Phys., 39,226,1926
15.Rumer Yu. B. Investigations on 5-îptics, Ì.,
Gostehizdat, 1956
16. Vladimirov Yu. S. Dimensionality of physical spacetime
and integration of interactions. Ì., MGU, 1987.
17.Green M., Schwartz G., Vitten E. Theory of
superstrings, v.1, 2, Ì.: Ìir, 1990
18.Wesson P.S. Space, time, matter: Modern Kaluza-
Klein theory. Singapoure, World Scientific publishing
Co.Pte.Ltd, 1999
19.Tsipenyuk D. Yu., Àndreev V.A., “Lienar-Vihert
potentials and Lorenz force in extended space”,
Preprint IOFAN,1,20p., Moscow,(2001)
20.Tsipenyuk D. Yu., Andreev V. A., “Gravitational
effects in extended space”, Preprint IOFAN, 4, 15p.,
Moscow,(2001)
21.Tsipenyuk D. Yu., “Field transformation in the
model of extended space: prediction and
experimental test”, Preprint IOFAN, 5, 24p.,
Moscow, (2001)
22.“Tsipenyuk D. Yu., report “Electromagnetic and
gravitational interaction in extended space” at the
Conference of Nuclear Physics Department of the
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN) “Physics of
Fundamental Interactions”, 27 November-1
December 2000, ITF, Moscow, http://www.itep.ru/
23.Tsipenyuk D.Yu. and Andreev V.A., “Interval as
the fifth coordinate” proc. of 5-th Int. Conf. on
Gravitation and Astrophysics of Asian-Pacific
Countries, PFUR, Moscow, 2001, pp.29-30.
http://rgs.da.ru/
24.Tsipenyuk D.Yu., “Direct transformation of the
electromagnetic field to gravitational field in the
model of extended space: predictions and possible
way of its experimental test”, proc. of 5-th Int. Conf.
on Gravitation and Astrophysics of Asian-Pacific
Countries, PFUR, Moscow, 2001, p.28.
http://rgs.da.ru/
25.Tsipenyuk D.Yu., “Model of extended space:
Prediction and test experiments on possible
transformation of electromagnetic field into
gravitational field”, proc. of XVIth Workshop on
High Energy Physics and Quantum Field Theory
(QFTEP), Moscow, Russia, 2001, pp.398-405.
http://theory.sinp.msu.ru/~qfthep/2001/Proceed2001.html
26.Tsipenyuk D.Yu., “Model of extended 5-d space
and possible checking experiments”, presented at 5-
th Moscow international ITEP school of physics (30-
th ITEP winter school of physics), 20-28 Febr.,
Moscow, 2002, http://www.itep.ru/
27.Tsipenyuk D.Yu., report “Second experiment on
checking prediction on field transformation in
extended space” at the scientific conference of
nuclear physics section OFN RAN “Physics of
Fundamental Interactions”, ITF, 2-6 December 2002,
Ìoscow, http://www.itep.ru/
28.Urbah V. Yu., Mathematical statistics, Ì., USSR
Academy of Sciences Publishers, 1963.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 26
Tim Harwood, USA
Email: timharwood@usa.net
There is a widespread opinion common to the
mainstream academic community and also to various
alternative scientific forums, that some kind of exotic
new physics will be required to design and implement
over-unity technologies. That is to say electrical motors,
electrical generators, or other apparatus , which produce
an excess of magnetic force or energy above the value
actually inputted.
However, this has recently been experimentally
demonstrated not to be the case, as I have validated
myself in simple $20 experiments undertaken at home
with parts bought from the local hardware store. It is
the purpose of this article to educate readers that with
care, thought, and a little work, it can be demonstrated
that existing textbook physical law, freely allows for the
extraction of excess electrical energy from magnetic
systems.
The Flynn Research Project
Joe Flynn has been engaged in magnetic f lux research
for over 25 years now. His work is long standing,
comprehensive, and in later years, well funded. It is
reported $7m has been spent to date, with over $1m
alone developing a revolutionary high performance
magnetic motor. His equipment is validated, and
apparently already in mass production for select
customers. Yet few researchers have heard of Joe Flynn.
This surprising situation will hopefully shortly be
changed, and Joe Flynn awarded the scientific accolades
he deserves, for being the genius master mind behind
one of scientific histor y’s most outstanding research
projects. Since many lines of research have been
formulated and explored by Joe Flynn, the following
article presents only a brief summary of some of his
best art apparatus, but is nonetheless sufficient to convey
the basic ideas.
The first illustration (Fig. 1) is taken from Joe Flynn’s
US patent 6,246,561, and explains a simple magnetic
force multiplication experiment, which forms the basis
for the Flynn magnetic art. If the windings on either
side of the central magnet, which are normally connected
in series, are properly pulsed, the field of the permanent
magnet in the center will be diverted to the opposite
side of the core flux path provided. Or in alternative
language, the side of the core that is pulsed is
demagnetized, relative to the field of the permanent
magnet used in the apparatus. This is elementary
textbook physics anyone can understand.
Fig. 1
1.75 times more for ce is delivered to the le gs of the core
than is provided by the electrical input to the control coils
So what is surprising about this apparently simple
apparatus is that the armature on the side of the f lux
core will contain 1.75 times more units of magnetic
force, that could be manifested by the electrical input to
the apparatus alone. Since the ability to arbitrarily move
the force from one point to another is the basis for
motion or work, however simplistic, we therefore have
a basis for a system that can be developed for practical
technological purposes. Expressed in alternative
language, we also have the capability to engineer a time
varying magnetic field, without the need for moving
parts, which will allow development of systems that
output electrical energy. Both capabilities are highly
desirable, and offer substantial opportunity for technical
development.
Following on from this basic experiment, there is a
second simple and logical improvement in layout
illustrated in Fig. 2, which should be obvious, but has
been shown not to be the case. In this instance , the pulse
is centrally located, and a dual f lux field layout employed,
which both demagnetizes the core relative to one
magnet, and magnetizes it relative to the other. Since
the two actions are complementary, the input required
to manifest the flux switching effect is halved, ther efore
doubling ‘ef ficiency.’
27 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Fig. 2
3.47 times more force is delivered to the legs of the core than is provided by the electrical input to the control coils
It should be noted that while the efficiency is doubled,
the absolute output may not be significantly improved.
This is because the major weakness of this effect and
technology is flux saturation of the core, with values
depending upon the specific properties of the B-H curve
of the core material employed, limiting the absolute
output of both layouts the same.
The previous statements are not required to be taken
on trust, and simple experiments have been proposed
by Joe Flynn, such that anyone can validate this effect
for themselves. Figure 3 is a simple experiment taken
from the Flynn website (http://www.flynnresearch.net),
that can be used to validate the principals put forth in
this article.
Simple Magnetic Force Multiplication Experiments
Fig. 3
Par allel Path can deliver 3.47 times more for ce to the legs of cores than any competing conventional technology
An even simpler non electrical flux experiment was
proposed by GM in the Parallel Path Egroup. My
apparatus is illustrated below in Figure 4. It is no more
than magnets and steel sta ple strips, bought from a local
hardware store for a total of under $10. The Parallel
Path effect can be replicated with identical apparatus, at
only a slight increase in cost and complexity, with the
addition of a simple 12V polarity reversible power
supply, such as those commonly sold to power computer
speakers, among other applications.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 28
Simple Magnetic Force Experiments
Fig. 4
Relatively small changes in layout produce large
changes in force
Conservation of Energy / Field Potential
One of the aspects of the Flynn technology people find
most difficult to understand, is how you can have a
device that delivers 3.47 times more magnetic force than
is electrically inputted, yet not violate accepted principals
of text book physics, as stated in the introduction. The
key point here is conservation of energy. Magnetic fields
do not gain energy – they are conservative. You can
only ever obtain less energy from a magnetic field minus
losses, than is in f act present. I feel this apparent puzzle
can not be better explained, than by reference to Joe
Flynn’s own words:
“Since the Par allel Path System produced 3.47 times
more force than the conventional system, with the same
electrical input, it appears to violate conservation, this
is only true when observed from a traditional view point.
The system contains three flux producing sources (2
magnets and an electromagnet) which together are
capable of producing a far greater force than is actually
produced. All of the flux sources together can produce
a force of 13.11 units, therefore in the physical sense a
loss of 1 - (9.01 / 13.11) = 31% is realized.”
So the system is 350 % efficient, in terms of delivered
magnetic force compared to net electrical input, yet still
conforms to the accepted physical principals of energy
conversation, by being only 69 % efficient, in terms of
the fields present in the system. However sur prising this
result may appear, the analysis presented is in outline
correct, with the difference between fields present in
the system, and net electrical input, being the important
concept presented.
Losses in the System and Optimisation
Fig. 5
In order to properly optimise flux cores, an appreciation
of the physics that underlies the transfer of flux within
a core is required. The normal magnetization curve, or
B-H curve, is a mathematical relationship between
applied field intensity H, and resultant flux density
manifested in the core B. It varies according to core
material, and the curve will shift, if there is a starting
magnetism within the core, such as that provided by the
field of a permanent magnet. If the start magnetism is
excessive, the core is saturated, and will not properly
respond to the applied force H. A simple B-H curves is
illustrated in Fig. 5.
Hysteresis is a delay between applied magnetic force H,
and resultant flux density B, that again varies according
to material type. It also manifests as a delay between the
termination of force H, and the manifestation of flux
density B. So, the system will not turn on instantly, and
will not turn of f instantly, in simple terms. This is
because the magnetic memory of the core, means a flux
vector remains within it, even when the application of
magnetic force H has been terminated. If we apply a
reversed force H to the core, the basic B-H curve is
now expanded as in Fig. 6, with the memory effect also
illustrated.
Fig. 6
29 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Thus as can be seen, to return to the
initial switched state, the remnance
magnetism must now be overcome,
hence input once in operation, will
be greater than that required for the
very fir st pulse. The area within the
hysteresis curve gives a rough
estimate for the amount of wasted
energy, and along with other
conventional sources of losses
Motor Apparatus
Simple Par allel Path Technology Demonstrator Motor
Fig. 7
Designed to demonstrate core principals, not provide over-unity
Although numerous practical applications abound for this effect, electric
motor design remains the most outstanding opportunity. To this extent,
again a few simple images, should be sufficient to explain how the basic
flux switching apparatus, can be tur ned into a highly ef ficient electrical motor.
The first motor shown in Fig. 7 is one I have proposed to valida te the flux
switching effect at a most basic level. It illustrates the point made in the
Flynn patent, that the armature of the core can be removed, and replaced
with a motor flux path. This first motor is not claimed to be highly efficient,
but it helps one to understand how the transition from simple flux core to
motor takes place.
Fig. 8
Magnetic for ce is alternately s witched from one leg to the other, imparting
motion to the rotor sections
The next motor shown in Fig. 8 is
again taken directly from the Flynn
patent, and illustrates the next
intermediate step to motor design.
The fields of the permanent
magnets are alternatively switched
from one side of the surrounding
flux cores to the other, alternately
interacting with N and S poles on
the rotor, imparting motion to the
central rotor shaft.
With proper financial support, and
the facilities to have metglas cores
custom moulded, Joe Flynn was able
to develop his final best ar t, shown
in Fig. 9. No detailed performance
numbers have been released for this
motor, whose precise performance
characteristics remain proprietary to
Joe Flynn at this time. But the
optimisation is so expert, it is stated
to posses certain exotic properties,
such as cool ambient operation, even
during prolonged periods of
continuous load. This ‘cold running’
is said to be of great interest to the
American military, as it offers
excellent stealth performance
characteristics.
resultant in flux transfer within a
core, is what reduces the efficiency
of flux cores from maximum values
of 2, or 4, down to values such as
1.75 or 3.47, typically.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 30
Fig. 9
Optimal Flux Core Motor Construction
Electrical Apparatus
Many readers will no doubt have
noticed the similarity of the first
illustration presented in this
document, to the so called ‘Tom
Bearden MEG.’ This is fair
comment, and Joe Flynn has always
highlighted this issue. However, it
has been commonly stated Joe Flynn
has simply developed mechanical
apparatus, and the MEG with its
electrical functionality, is distinct art,
more advanced than the mechanical
Flynn apparatus. However, this is
shown not to be the case by a careful
examination of the Flynn patent, in
which the following is stated in the
‘Power Conversion’ section:
‘The construction (shown in Fig.10 A)
utilizes four control coils and a single
permanent magnet and the
construction (shown in 10 B) uses
two control coils and two permanent
magnets. The flux that would
normally be supplied by a primary
winding is supplied by the static flux
of the per manent magnet or
magnets and the control coils
conver t this static flux into a time
varying flux in a novel way. Both arrangements use two secondary coils, the
secondary coils are placed in the region of the continuous flux path that
would be occupied by an armature or rotor in the linear or rotary
arrangements. The regions of the flux paths that perform work are the
same in all cases.’
‘By alternating the polarity of the control coils during one cycle, one working
region experiences an increasing flux and the opposite region experiences a
decreasing flux and during the next cycle the opposite occurs. This results
in the induction of a voltage in the secondary coils that is decided by the
magnitude of the change in flux in the working region and the time in
which this change occurs. The novelty of this discovery is that the primary
flux inducing the voltage in the secondary coils is supplied by the permanent
magnet or magnets and is far greater than the flux supplied by the control
coils.’
Fig. 10
31 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Fig.10 taken directly from the Flynn patent makes the
point even clearer. As can be seen, the device illustrated
is in all functional respects absolutely identical to the so
called ‘Tom Bearden MEG.’ This identical prior art,
therefore calls into question the intellectual property
rights of Magnetic Energy LTD, as the same invention
can not be patented more than once. Joe Flynn has also
stated that his intellectual property rights will be robustly
defended, by legal action if necessary, and he regards
himself and his
company as being in
possession of exclusive
rights to the so called
‘MEG’ unit.
As regards replication
of electrical output
orientated flux core devices, certain important details
need to be stated. For example grade 8 ceramic magnets
should be used, so as to avoid flux saturation of the
core. A basic error, many early experimenters wasted
time on. The requirement for strong magnets to obtain
over-unity results, is as much of a myth, as the idea new
physics is required.
But perhaps the greatest trade secret of the electrical
devices, one which several lengthy non disclosure
agreements are required to be signed before it can be
disclosed, is that the input and output circuits must be
closed in series. The disclosure of this technique
amounts to putting the basic MEG methodology fully
into the public domain.
The reason for this circuitry requirement is obvious
enough, with only a little anal ysis. If the output circuit
is closed when the input circuit is activated, then the
input energy simply leaks into the output circuit, as in
an ordinary transformer. So no flux switching effect is
manifested, and the field of the permanent magnet is
static in time. Thus you have an ordinary transformer,
with reduced efficiency, because of the core flux
saturation effect provided by the permanent magnet.
This is one of the most important point to make about
the Flynn apparatus. If you approach it as if it is a normal
piece of scientific equipment, then proper optimisation
is not greatly problematic. For example more turns on
the output coils, simply means more voltage and less
current, exactly as standard textbook equations predict.
Generally, problems only occur, if you imagine the effect
is based upon exotic scalar type or vacuum energy
physics, when in fact it is ordinary flux manipulation
within a core.
Present Status of the Flynn Project
Initially Joe Flynn was remarkably open about his work
and research. However, since performing a working
demonstration of various advanced hardware samples
for the American Department of Defence, little has been
heard.
I want to clearly emphasize I do not speak for Flynn
research, nor am I in any way connected with Flynn
research, and by
consequence, have no
inside informa tion
whatsoever as to the
present status of the
project. But we all
sincerely hope, that the
project has not been
swallowed whole by the American deep black military
industrial research complex.
However, even if this is the case, it does not mean the
technology is lost. Extensive and generous details have
been provided by Joe Flynn of his research, both in his
patent deposition, website, and other comments, such
as to enable persons of scientific training and skill, to
replicate the effects stated.
While replication of the electrical effect remains
extremely demanding, the mechanical apparatus is very
easy both to understand and replica te. There is no reason
why scientists and home tinkers together, can not build
Flynn type flux core motors, and explore over-unity f lux
manipulation f or themselves . The future has arrived, and
it is simpler and cheaper than anyone imagined to be
possible.
Raum&Zeit
EhlersVerlag GmbH,
Geltinger Str.14e,
82515 Wolfratshausen
Telephon: 08171/41 84-76,
Telef ax: 08171/41 84-66
Internet:
http://www.raum-und-zeit.com
Institut fur Raum-Energie-Forschung (IREF) i.m. Leonard Euler
- Global Scaling Theor y - Hydrogen-Helium
Energetic
- Gravitation theory - Informa tion
tec hnologies
- Mathematic Biology - Telecommunication
technologies
- Gravitation energetics - Transport technolo gies
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 32
Flynn Research Company
http://www.flynnresearch.net
Photo 1
3.3" 1.2" stack height 1/2 hp weight 59 oz
Photo 2
Dynamometers, Power Analyzer etc.
Editor: Below we publish information and photos,
represented on Flynn Research Company website
(http://www.flynnresearch.net), and a description
of the patent on methods for controlling the path of
magnetic flux.
Flynn Research is dedicated to research focused on
the novel application of permanent magnet and
e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c
technology. Magnetism is
a field that has potential
for tremendous growth
from both a science and
application perspective. The
researchers of Flynn Research Company believe that
magnetism is one of the least understood and most
misinterpreted of the natural forces, with the
exception of gravity.
Even though much work has occurred in the
advancement of magnetic materials, little
advancement has occurred in the basic
understanding of magnetism. The field of
magnetism is based on both theory and ‘myth’ and
is generally described as a ‘phenomenon’.
We still do not know what a line of flux is and how
it travels through space. We know flux “appears” to
originate within a permanent magnetic material,
forms a loop from one end to the opposite end of
the magnetic material, appears to occur without a
time constant, produces a force (attractive and
repulsive) between other
permanent magnets and
“magnetically permeable
materials and has a
relationship to current
flow. Everything known
about magnetism is based on “effect and
relationships” without a clear understanding or
provable definition of what is a line of magnetic
flux.
The research is based on the “magnetic force of
attraction effect” that is related to magnetic flux by
the number of lines of flux occupying a given area
or flux density squared. The simple fact that if the
number of lines of flux occupying a given area
“doubles” the force of attraction becomes four
33 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Photo 3
8" dia x 8" height motor presentation
Photo 4
8" X 8" motor testing
Photo 5
Technology Discussion
Photo 6
Par allel Path Test Apparatus
times greater. The basic model shows that with specific structures electromagnetism acting with
permanent magnet materials can divide and multiply force in a manner that cannot be explained with
conventional physics.
Rotary devices, linear devices, reciprocating devices and power conversion devices are now a patented
product of this research. The goal of the Company is to commercialize their devices for use in an energy
dependent world. Flynn Research is a research & development company and in cooperation with Magnetic
Revolutions LLC licenses their technologies for use in the electric motor and power conversion industries.
The researchers do not construct their own test equipment nor write capture and data evaluation programs
but use industry / scientific accepted products. Close to $1.5 million has been expended developing,
protecting and evaluating the technology. Many fine minds have been involved in the development and
evaluation of the technology. Many presentations have been given both to motor companies and academic
groups. The prototypes have all been professionally built, which include a 1/2 hp 3.3" dia 1.2" stack
height, the assembled motor weighs 59 oz and a motor 8" dia with a stack height of 8" cur rently undergoing
testing.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 34
United States Patent No. 6,246,561
June 12, 2001
Methods for controlling the path of magnetic flux from a permanent
magnet and devices incorporating the same
Inventors: Flynn; Charles J. (Greenwood, MO)
Assignee: Magnetic Revolutions Limited, L.L.C (St. Louis, MO)
Appl. No.: 127056
Filed: July 31, 1998
A permanent magnet device includes a permanent magnet having north and south pole faces with a first pole piece
positioned adjacent one pole face thereof and a second pole piece positioned adjacent the other pole face thereof
so as to create at least two potential magnetic flux paths. A first control coil is positioned along one flux path and
a second control coil is positioned along the other flux path, each coil being connected to a control circuit for
controlling the energization thereof. The control coils may be energized in a variety of ways to achieved desirable
motive and static devices, including linear reciprocating devices, linear motion devices, rotary motion devices and
power conversion.
Editorial: The principle of designing of the device (two counter parts of the flux are used)
resembles Фmachine or Gramm’s generator. Read in this issue more details on these devices.
35 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Review prepared by correspondent Alla Pashova, Russia
Flux-machine (or Ф-machine, since configuration of
its field resembles the Russian letter “Ф”) was
designed by Alexander V. Frolov during the first
half of 1990s. Ф-machine description was published
more than once on the pages of scientific periodicals
(1994, Institute of New Energy, Newsletter, June
1994, p.9.; 2002, New Energy Technologies, 2002,
p.3), and it is well known to many researchers
concerning themselves with such kinds of engineering.
Let us consider the arrangement of Ф-machine; see
Fig. 1 (first published in 1994). A report was
presented at the conference «New ideas in natural
science», 1996 in Saint Petersburg (see photo in Fig. 1).
The primary coil is mounted in the center of
generator; two secondary ones are diametrically
wound on a ring core. An air gap between ring and
central magnetic circuits are of particular importance.
Two magnetic fluxes from two coils are balanced,
and, thereby, there is no reaction in the primary
circuit.


 

 

 






Fig.1
See also Fig. 7, p.29 – the analogy is evident
The device bears some similarity to the Gramm’s
generator (Zenob Theophyl Gramm, 1826-1901,
Belgium-France, took out a patent for an electric ringrotor
generator in 1869). In Gramm’s generator (Fig. 2)
the ring rotor with a toroidal winding rotates. The
toroidal winding touches two diametrically located
conducting brushes. It turns out that in the ring of the
rotor all winds of one rotor half create a field which is
directed towards a field created by the other rotor half.
Fig. 2
An example of analogous device is represented in Fig. 3
(information is from the website:
http://www.skif.biz/energy/arhiv1-6.shtml), and also in
Fig. 4 (we have written about this invention in New
Energy Technologies, Issue #5 (8), 2002, article by V.I. Boryak,
Email: spin@i.com.ua).
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 36
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
In August 1999, according to Stephen Hartman
(Hartman Multimedia Service, Email: hart@harti.com,
info@ccard.net), a German research team designed a
toroidal generator. As stated by the researchers, it
obtained more than 1.200 W by load while efficiency
exceeded 100%!
This subject has become very popular among different
researchers. Fig. 5 illustrates a design with a magnet
rotating in the center (designer - Olaf Berens, Email:
olaf.berens@prognost.com).
Fig. 5
One more example from the USA: in February, 2003
Donald Hofmann (USA) filed an application for
patenting “Generators and transformers with toroidally
wound stator winding». Below we publish the description
of the patent.
Fig. 6
Inventors: Steven L. Sullivan, USA; David L. Goulet,
USA; Donald Hofmann ,USA.
Electrical generators are provided with toroidally wound
stator windings electrically connected in series; a high
permeability stator core, preferably an amorphous
magnetic alloy material, glassy metal or HYPERCOTM
50 laminations; and a rotor. The toroidally wound stator
coils and the stator core trap essentially all of the flux
fields generated by the stator coils within the stator core.
Since there is essentially no magnetic field leaving the
stator, there is essentially no flux field interaction with
the field generated by the rotor. The reduction of flux
field interaction also reduces counter torque.
37 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
According to another embodiment of the invention,
open positions of a rotor may be filled with magnetic
material, preferably iron. Filling open portions of the
rotor may assist in reducing undesirable flux leakage
from the rotor. By trapping substantially all of the flux
within the rotor, interaction between rotor and stator
flux is reduced. In this manner, counter torque is
reduced thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the
device.
A prototype of this embodiment was constructed using
a standard 10 kWtt gas-powered generator. The stator
was removed from the generator and its housing. The
stator windings were removed from the stator and
rewound by hand using a No. 10 size copper wire with
180 winds wrapped in a toroidal fashion around
approximately 180 degrees of the stator.
The stator was then reinstalled in the modified housing
and re-attached to the gas-powered generator. A
standard 12 volt car battery was attached to the input
of the rotor. A 12.92 volt input with 0.8 Amps was
measured as the input to the rotor. The output was
measured as 6.5 volts with a 40 Amp output. A series
of input and output measurements were taken for
various inputs.
Editor: Thus input power is 10 Wt, and output power is
260 Wt.
So, the old well-known ideas have found new ways of
embodiment, though their essence remains unchanged.
Let us note that Faraday Labs Ltd has been working on
creating a prototype of Ô-machine with a toroid of
200 mm in diameter.
Please, read more about this in the next issue!
Editorial: We publish the specification of several interesting patents, which were taken out by Russian
inventors for recent years.
Russian patents on alternative energetics
. №93001754, 1996.06.27, Converter of gravitational forces into energy, V.V. Mironov and others
. №92008720, 1995.02.10, Slavic method to produce energy by conversion of gravitational forces, V.V. Mironov
. №93006696, 1995.04.30, Supporting converter of gravitational forces into energy, V.V. Mironov
. №2001121071, 2003.04.10, Method to create energy in liquid, heat-generator and heat-and-power device, A.Yu.
Baurov and others
. №2132109, 1999.06.20, Generator of mechanical energy, A.Yu. Baurov and others
. №2001125794, 2003.05.10, Generator of static electricity, S.I. Danilov
. №2001120796, 2003.04.10, Electric power device, D.M. Beliy
. №98116077, 2000.05.10, Heat engine (monotherm, “perpetual mobile of second-type”), V.I. Likhachov and others
. №93048971, 1996.04.20, Float engine, I.P. Tchinarev
. №94023174, 1996.03.27, Gravitational-hydrostatic engine, I.P. Tchinarev
. №98112650, 2000.03.20, Water engine, V.A. Gylchuk
. №2001115953, 2003.03.20, Potential engine by Prokopenko, V.F. Prokopenko
. №2001115954, 2003.03.20, Potential amplifier by Prokopenko, V.F. Prokopenko
. №2001124364, 2003.04.20, Drum of gravitation (gravity), I.A. Strelnikov
. №95107181, 1997.02.20, Method to convert energy of physical vacuum into energy of physical space, O.K.
Polev and others
. №92008695, 1995.04.20, Method to get overunity efficiency, Yu.V. Karasev and others
. №93006851, 1995.04.30, Principle, method and device for circulation of mass by force of gravitation and
inertia, G.S. Kirichenko
. №93039885, 1996.05.20, Hydro-gravitational electric power station, L.S. Konkov
. №93036371, 1995.11.27, Method to convert energy created in result of interaction of earth’s gravity force and
air bearing capacity into electric energy, V.I. Kovalenko
. №93025690, 1996.07.27, Method and device to convert heat energy into mechanical one, A.I. Lendyaev
. №2001122885, 2003.04.20, Rotary method to convert magnetic energy into mechanical one, L.N. Mezentsev
. №2001106783, 2003.02.10, Gravitational source of energy, A.D. Yurik and others
. №2001115968, 2003.03.20, Method to convert energy, V.S. Gorelyuh
37 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
According to another embodiment of the invention,
open positions of a rotor may be filled with magnetic
material, preferably iron. Filling open portions of the
rotor may assist in reducing undesirable flux leakage
from the rotor. By trapping substantially all of the flux
within the rotor, interaction between rotor and stator
flux is reduced. In this manner, counter torque is
reduced thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the
device.
A prototype of this embodiment was constructed using
a standard 10 kWtt gas-powered generator. The stator
was removed from the generator and its housing. The
stator windings were removed from the stator and
rewound by hand using a No. 10 size copper wire with
180 winds wrapped in a toroidal fashion around
approximately 180 degrees of the stator.
The stator was then reinstalled in the modified housing
and re-attached to the gas-powered generator. A
standard 12 volt car battery was a ttached to the input
of the rotor. A 12.92 volt input with 0.8 Amps was
measured as the input to the rotor. The output was
measured as 6.5 volts with a 40 Amp output. A series
of input and output measurements were taken for
various inputs.
Editor: Thus input power is 10 Wt, and output power is
260 Wt.
So, the old well-known ideas have found new ways of
embodiment, though their essence remains unchanged.
Let us note that Faraday Labs Ltd has been working on
creating a prototype of Ô-machine with a toroid of
200 mm in diameter.
Please, read more about this in the next issue!
Editorial: We publish the specification of several interesting patents, which were taken out by Russian
inventors for recent years.
Russian patents on alternative energetics
. ¹93001754, 1996.06.27, Conver ter of gravitational for ces into energy, V.V. Mironov and others
. ¹92008720, 1995.02.10, Slavic method to produce energy by conversion of gravitational for ces, V.V. Mironov
. ¹93006696, 1995.04.30, Supporting conver ter of gravitational forces into energy, V.V. Mironov
. ¹2001121071, 2003.04.10, Method to create energy in liquid, heat-generator and heat-and-power device, A.Yu. Baurov
and others
. ¹2132109, 1999.06.20, Generator of mechanical energy, A.Yu. Baurov and others
. ¹2001125794, 2003.05.10, Generator of static electricity, S.I. Danilov
. ¹2001120796, 2003.04.10, Electric power device, D.M. Beliy
. ¹98116077, 2000.05.10, Heat engine (monotherm, “perpetual mobile of second-type”), V.I. Likhachov and others
. ¹93048971, 1996.04.20, Float engine, I.P. Tchinarev
. ¹94023174, 1996.03.27, Gravitational-hydr ostatic engine, I.P. Tchinarev
. ¹98112650, 2000.03.20, Water engine, V.A. Gylchuk
. ¹2001115953, 2003.03.20, Potential engine by Prokopenko, V.F. Prokopenko
. ¹2001115954, 2003.03.20, Potential amplifier by Prokopenko, V.F. Prokopenko
. ¹2001124364, 2003.04.20, Drum of gravitation (gravity), I.A. Strelnikov
. ¹95107181, 1997.02.20, Method to conver t energy of physical vacuum into energy of physical space, O.K. Polev and
others
. ¹92008695, 1995.04.20, Method to get over unity efficiency, Yu.V. Karasev and others
. ¹93006851, 1995.04.30, Principle, method and device for circula tion of mass by force of gravitation and iner tia, G.S.
Kirichenko
. ¹93039885, 1996.05.20, Hydro-gravitational electric power station, L.S. Konkov
. ¹93036371, 1995.11.27, Method to convert energy crea ted in result of interaction of ear th’s g ravity force and air
bearing capacity into electric energy, V.I. Kovalenko
. ¹93025690, 1996.07.27, Method and device to conver t heat energy into mechanical one, A.I. Lendyaev
. ¹2001122885, 2003.04.20, Rotary method to convert magnetic energy into mechanical one, L.N. Mezentsev
. ¹2001106783, 2003.02.10, Gravitational source of energy, A.D. Yurik and others
. ¹2001115968, 2003.03.20, Method to convert energy, V.S. Gorelyuh
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 38
. ¹2002131190, 2003.04.20, Method to conver t heat energy into useful work, G.R. Umarov and others
. ¹2001122676, 2003.05.27, Device to get energy by conversion of energy from one state to another, T.A. Trushina
and others
. ¹2131636, 1999.06.10, Fuel-less engine, V.E. Alekseenko
. ¹5037775, 1996.10.10, Magnetic engine, V.E. Alekseenko
. ¹94003087, 1995.12.27, Gravitational engine, A.A. Voznyukov
. ¹93058095, 1996.06.27, Perpetual mobile, Yu.S. Par shutin
. ¹93056706, 1996.07.27, Perpetual mobile, A.V. Remezovich
. ¹93039002, 1996.01.20, Gas-dynamic perpetual mobile, A.I. Lendyaev
. ¹94011000, 1995.11.27, Perpetual mobile by Makagyan, V.S. Makagyan
. ¹97114829, 1999.06.27, Perpetual mobile by Makagyan, V.S. Makagyan
. ¹95114965, 1997.08.10, Electric perpetual mobile by Abrakitov, V.E. Abrakitov
. ¹9512209, 1998.02.20, Perpetual mobile, V.V. Sharov
. ¹99111572, 1999.09.27, Per petual mobile, N.M. Rotar
. ¹98116343, 2000.05.10, Engine-electric saw (perpetual mobile), V.V. Smirnov
. ¹2000101256, 2001.11.20, Perpetual mobile, V.D. Rykov
. ¹2000120592, 2002.07.20, Per petual mobile, K.I. Harazov
. ¹2001117783, 2003.03.20, Magnetic perpetual mobile, S.N. Verevkin
. ¹2001123502, 2003.04.20, Magnetic engine, A.E. Ryumin
. ¹5032711, 1995.02.20, Ferromagnetic engine, V.P. Levkin
. ¹94019782, 1996.01.10, Device for demonstration of conver sion of permanent magnet energy, M.F. Ostrikov and
others
. ¹95103846, 1996.11.27, Magnetic generator, M.F. Ostrikov and others
. ¹95112010, 1997.06.27, Method to conver t permanent magnet energy into rotary motion, A.V. Starostin and others
. ¹2143170, 1999.12.20, Method to conver t energy of mechanical loading into energy of repea ted transference,
V.I. Rahovsky and others
. ¹2000119415, 2002.06.20, Method to conver t energy of fields of permanent magnets into mechanical work,
Yu.S. Pilipkov
. ¹2001109811, 2003.02.27, Method to capture and conver t energy of physical vacuum into electric energy,
S.N. Kovalev
. ¹99121374, 2001.11.10, Perpetual mobile, E.M. Volodin
. ¹94026259, 1996.05.20, Device to convert magnetic field energy into kinetic energy, P. Imrish
39 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Device for conversion of magnetic field
energy into kinetic energy
No. 94026259, 1996.05.20
Author: Pavel Imrish
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
The invention refers to a device for
conversion of magnetic field energy
into kinetic energy. The device has
a rotating wheel with at least two
radially opposing non-magnet
holders used as guide ways for at
least two permanent magnets,
respectively. The permanent
magnets are mounted in the holders
so that there is a possibility to
remove them. From the both sides
of the wheel plates made of
magnetic material are mounted
axially; the plates surround the
wheel partially. Depending on
direction of the both poles, namely
on location of the similar and
opposite poles towards each other,
compression element is situated on
the holders, or between the wheel
and the outer end of the permanent
magnet located at the furthest radial
distance from the axle of the wheel,
or between two permanent
magnets. (The device operation
principle is obvious from Fig. 1).
Editor: We have found an example of a similar
device whose description is presented in the book
by R. Ford The Perpetual Motion mystery [1].
In this case, there is an analogous process, during
which half of the cycle is screened and the rotor
is supposed to rotate permanently (see Fig. 2).
1. R.A. Ford, The Perpetual Motion mystery. Lost
Technology Series, р.23.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 40
Review on Grigory R. Uspenskiy’s works, Russia
http://space21.boom.ru/gravity.htm
The level of development of modern astronautics is
primarily determined by the energy capabilities of space
carrier s. So, nowadays, the single-mission carrier rockets
equipped with chemical engines allow space exploration
within the solar system. These carriers have delimited
the near-earth space in the form of a geostationary orbit,
where the practical-purpose space complexes operate.
Newer and higher levels of quality will be reached by
cosmonautics upon its mastering gravity power
engineering. F lights towards the nearest stars will become
possible and by the end of the next century this will be
followed by travels throughout Galaxy.
Gravity engines are structurally simple (two bodies of
different density are rigidly connected). To form
some practicably significant value of thrust it is required
to use absolutely new technology regarding creation and
retaining of matter of high density which can be
compared to that of atomic nuclei. For instance, at an
engine mass of about 2 t, it is possible to attain 10 N
thrust using bunches of aluminum and lead nuclei. The
nuclei are approached to each other at a distance
comparable with sizes of these bunches.
Fig. 1
Use of matter which is denser than nuclei bunch,
increase of mass of the gravitating bodies, and reduction
of the distance between the bodies causes increase of
thrust. So, f or a level of density of gravity holes (i.e. for
extremely dense state of matter in which it is not
attracted by other bodies) limit value of acceleration of
the gravity engine reaches the order of 10100 ms-2.
In engineering, we usuall y use units of distance as meters,
centimeters, millimeters, and microns. Let us consider
one of them – millimeters. With such a size of the
gravitating bodies and distance between them, it is
possible to obtain substantial thrust forces of the gravity
engine and, accordingly, accelerations of its motion.
So, using an engine of 20 ton mass we will get the
thrust of 2x104 N, with mass of 200 ton we will get
the thrust of 2x106 N, and so on. Thus, by increasing
the engine mass by one order of magnitude, we
obtain increase of thrust by two orders, while sizes
of the bodies remain unchanged. But acceleration,
in this occasion, remains constant and equal to
approximately 1 m/s2.
Decrease in size of gravitating bodies of the engine leads
to the corresponding increase of thrust by an order.
Decrease of size is realized by increase of density of
these bodies by 3 times up to 0.3 mm at the same masses.
The acceleration they produce is increased by an order
as well, i.e. up to 10 m/s2. Decrease of sizes of the
gravitating bodies and the distance between them down
to 0.1 mm results in further increase of engine thrust
by one more order and also increase of acceleration up
to 100 m/s2. If size of the bodies is 1 micron then
acceleration increases up to 106 m/s2.
It is apparent that even with up-to-date technological
possibilities of miniaturization the gravity engine with
masses of dozens and hundreds of tons is capable to
create great thrust forces and form accelerations
considerable enough to fly across the Galaxy. Therefore,
the problem of creating a gravity engine is, mainly, the
problem of producing and retaining the high-density
matter. It will be possible after studying the mechanism
of interaction between matter & gravitational substance
followed by developing techniques for synthesizing of
high-density, large-mass, and small-size substance from
this matter.
It is possible to control the value of thrust of the gravity
engine changing the distance between gravitating bodies.
Thrust direction can be changed by turning the rigid
connection of the gravita ting bodies. The engine can
41 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
be activated by bringing the gravita ting masses together,
and switching-off by moving them apart.
In a 24-hour period, such a ship can reach a speed of
106 m/s and cover a distance of about 1010 m. In a
month, with a top speed of 3x 107 m/s the ship will
cover the distance of 1013 m; in a year, with a speed of
4x 108 m/s the ship will cover a distance of 1015 m; in
10 years - 4x 10 9 m/s and 1017 m, respectively. Apparently,
the ship with sufficient over-load can be used for f lights
within the solar system and for manned flights towards
the nearest star s.
When transporting unbreakable and non-urgent cargoes,
the acceleration can be increased up to a few dozens of
unities. The flight duration might be also increased by
several tens of years. This extends the area of utilizing
the gravity ships with over-loads of sever al unities.
Besides these ships can be used for transporting
operations within near vicinities of the Galaxy.
The high-speed flight will demand protection against
approach flow of matter. So, per second (with a ship
speed of 1010 m/s) 10-12 kg of matter will approach the
ship. At that density of interstellar material is 10-24 kg/m3
and midship area is 102 m2.
The great speed of approaching matter will create a
substantial resisting force. At a speed of 1010 m/s, this
force will come to the order of 10-2 N, whereas with a
speed of 1018 m/s it will come to 1014 N. This is a g reat
value, but as compared to thrust of such a ship which is
to equal to 1017 N, the former value is a small one. That
is why it is possible to overcome such resisting force.
Intercommunication with these ships might be, most
likely, realizable by means of distortion of gravita tional
field. It is possible that the g ravita tional field distortion
will be formed, on the contrary, by generating the matter
from the gravitational field, and, most probably, by a
method as yet unknown.
Monograph “General Etherodynamics. Modeling of matter structures and fields on the basis of
conception of gas-like aether” by Vladimir A. Atsukovsky. 2nd edition, M., Energoatomizdat, 2003;
Brochure “12 experiments on etherodynamics” Zhukovsky, Publisher “Petit”, 2003.
On questions about purchasing, please, refer to Email: atsuk@dart.ru
Floyd Sweet Bench Test DVD
In order to demonstrate the reality of tapping free energy from the vacuum, we have now made available a very
reasonably priced DVD of the bench tests of the late Floyd Sweet’s Vacuum Triode Amplifier, with
commentary by Tom Bearden.
During these two tests, the unit, which weighed about 6 lbs., can be seen to be putting out well over a million
times more power than was put into it.
This DVD makes an excellent educational or instructional tool, and is priced at USD 9 including US domestic
shipment. Running time is about 20 minutes.
Note: the full length Sweet DVD, which includes Sweet’s proprietary conditioning process for the magnets, is
also still available.
Order from http://www.cheniere.org/sales/order_by_credit_card.htm
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 42
S.A. Gerasimov , V.V. Stashenko, Russia
Physics Department, Rostov-on-Don State University,
Zorge St. 5, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Editorial: We publish a summary of the article. The
original text you can receive from the authors.
A drive
free system made on the basis of a planar
mechanism is described. The experimental results
on average velocities of the drive
free propulsive
system are presented in a scaled view.
During usual motion, a system is repealed from the
surface in the case of its motion on a plane or from the
medium when it moves in a resistance medium. This
kind of motion is achieved by using a drive mechanism.
In contrast to the usual motion, the drive-free propulsive
system moves due to interaction of a body of a system
with another body of the same system. Sometimes such
machines are called inertioids [1] or vibration propulsive
devices [2]. To produce such kind of motion it is
sufficient to provide anisotropy of the resistance force
[3-5] or asymmetry of the internal force [6]. One of the
simplest ways to do it is to use a simple two-link planar
mechanism. A device for such a motion is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
Experimental device
This device with a total mass of M+m consists of a
platform P on which an electric motor E rotating a drive
rod R of length r is mounted. This is only one part of
the planar mechanism. Another link is the connecting
rod C of length c which connects the unbalanced load
L and the drive rod R by means of two bell bearings B.
The unbalanced load L of mass m on the rod I slides in
guide G. The basic distinction of this mechanism is in
that this variant of drive-free machine allows us to
analyze the experimental data on average velocities of
motion. Actually the only forces, which act on the
platform and are collinear to the moving direction, are
the force F caused by vibrations of the load L and the
frictional force F
f
. The platform star ts to move when
the force acting on the platform becomes greater than
the frictional force.
Let us discuss possibilities of the real pr opulsive system
shown in Fig. 1. Measurements were made at r=0.01 m
and at three mass ratios m/M. The values of frictional
coefficients were measured for each parameter of the
system and vary from k=0.25 to k=0.4. The system starts
moving when theoretically the drift does not take place.
When motion becomes reversible, the velocity of drivefree
drift does not decrease.
Thus drive-free motion is possible even if the frictional
coefficients are very small. When increasing the
frequency of vibrations velocity does not decrease. We
can not discuss the existence of some third force acting
on the platform (we can suggest the existence of
frictional force F
f
and the internal force F caused by
vibrations). Let somebody else take the liber ty of making
such a conclusion!
References
1. Tolchin V.N. Inertioid. // Perm: Perm Book
Publisher. 1977. Blekhman I.I. Vibrational Motion.
// Moscow: Nauka. 2000. Nappo F. Sulla Influenza
Indiretta Delle Forze Inertne sul Moto del
Baricentro. // La Ricerca Scientifica (Rendiconti).
1965. V. 8. No 1. P. 3-14.
2. Gerasimov S.A. Anisotropy of Frictional Force
and Vibrational Motion. // Problems of Applied
Physics. 2001. V 7. P. 85-88.
3. Gerasimov S.A. Self-Similarity of Vibrational
Motion in a Resistant Medium. // Journal of Applied
Mechanics and Technical Physics. 2002. V. 43. No 1.
P. 90-92.
4. Gerasimov S.A. A Real Model of Vibratory-
Impact Propulsive Device. // Problems of Applied
Physics. 2000. V 6. P. 117-118.
5. Langhaar H. L. Dimensional Analysis and Theory
of Models. // New York: Willey. 1951.
43 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
S.A. Gerasimov, A.V. Volos, Russia
Physics Department, Rostov-on-Don State University,
Zorge St. 5, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
The torque of a self
action exerting on the mobile
part of the reactionless engine is measured. It is
shown that there exists a value of the height of the
mobile electrode at which the torque of self
action
is maximal.
There is an opinion that a body can not act on itself [1].
The existence of the so-called force of self-action is
believed to contradict to the law of conservation of
momentum. This is nothing but prejudice. Though the
experimental confirmations of existence of self-action
[2-4], conventional science is ready to refuse modern
electrodynamics and make up a new theory of
electromagnetism [1, 5] in order to save Newton’s third
law in use. It is comprehensible. First of all, these are
the theoretical [5] and experimental [3] errors. The
equivalence [5] of the Biot-Savart force is mathematically
coarse since in this case the highest terms of expansion
of force of self-action are cast out. This equivalence
violates law of action and reaction and Ampere force
law for which the principle of equality and collinearity
of action and reaction forces is valid. Non-linearity of
dependence of the torque of self-action on the current
intensity [3] makes us doubt in the validity of these
results. Moreover, typical values of force [2, 4] and torque
[3, 6] are too small even if direct current in the circuit is
significant. It is required to pass through the direct
current of hundred amperes to produce the considerable
displacement or turn of a body. As a result, small values
of the effect caused ambiguity in the explanation of the
phenomenon [1].
In fact, searching the reactionless propulsive devices we
usually forget about the magnetic self-action which arises
when a body consisting of a magnet and incomplete
electric circuit can move violating law of action and
reaction [7]. This violation is proved theoretically [8]
but peculiarities of this motion are not well discussed.
The principle of such a motion is shown in Fig. 1. This
is the magnetic interaction between two current elements
one of which is a part of a closed circular loop L and
another is perpendicular to the first one. Since the force
dFjm acting on any current element of the loop L is
perpendicular to the density of current jm then the
Z-component of the torque dNm=[rmxdFjm] is equal
to zero while torque which exerted on the second current
element by the magnetic field of the loop, does not.
Fig. 1
Violation of law of action and reaction.
The force dF
jm
with which the magnetic field B
j
of another
current element acts on the current of density jm, is not
equal nor opposite to the force dF with which the magnetic
field B of the first current element acts on
the current of density j.
An experimental device is shown in Fig. 2. A
commercially available ring-shaped carbon-steel magnet
M (inner radius – 20 mm; outer radius – 55 mm,
height – 25 mm) of 2.2x105 A/m magnetization is
located on the cover of a cylindrical electrode E
suspended by thread T. The electrode E is furnished
with a central electrode C of the same height h and
5 mm diameter. The radius of the electrode E is 130 mm.
The open end of electrode E and the central electrode
C are submersed in a conducting liquid L
+
and L
- placed
in two volumes of a vessel V so that the depth of
submergence of these parts is about 5 mm. In this
experiment the conducting fluid is 10% solution of
copper sulfate (CuSO45H2O). The vessel V consists of
two thin coaxial plastic cylinders of 2 mm thickness.
The radii of the plastic cylinders having the common
bottom are equal to 10.5 cm and 18 cm. The height of
the vessel is 12.5 cm. A disk and a ring-shaped electrodes
S
+ and S
- of 1.5 mm thickness are placed on the bottom
of the vessel to supply the direct electric current of
intensity I. All conducting parts of the device are made
of copper. The thickness of the electrode E is 1.5 mm.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 44
When the direct current I of density j flows through
the electric circuit, the magnet and the electrode E rotate
in the direction of the magnetic force dF which is
proportional to the vector product [jxB] as shown in
Fig. 2. This is a force of self-action by means of which
the mobile part of this device consisting of the magnet
M and the electrode E acts on itself. However there is
no force of reaction which could cause such a rotation.
This is really true since a ring-shaped magnet is
equivalent to two cylindrical surfaces with the surface
current of density jm. The force of self-action dF acting
on the cover of the electrode is compensated by the
force of self-action dF
* acting on the cylindrical part
of the electrode E. Magnetic induction field B
* “does
its part” as shown in Fig. 2. Therefore, it would be
appropriate to find out how the height of the electrode
E influences the value of the torque N. Such an influence
is demonstrated in Fig. 3.
Fig. 2
Experimental device
(• ) and (x) – directions of magnetic forces acting on various
parts of the mobile electrode E
Fig. 3
Dependence of the torque N on the height of the electrode
h at various values of the direct current I in the circuit
Thus there exists the value of the height h at which
torque of self-action is maximal. This is the first result
of the present work. At I=1 A and h=2 cm the electrode
E turns at angle of 2.2 radian (126°) with respect to the
equilibrium position. Such a turn corresponds to
3.4x102 gxcm2/s2rad, i.e to the constant of torsion of
the thread. The second result is that the maximum value
of the torque of self-action N at the current I=1 A is
even larger than the value of the torque produced by
the traditional unipolar device [3] at the current 50 A.
In fact, this work represents an attempt to draw attention
to a more effective and simple practical application of
the self-action. It remains only to transfer electric current
in an unclosed electrical conductor and such a possibility
really exists.
References
1. Graneau N. The Finite Size of the Metallic Current Element.
// Physics Letters A. 1990. V. 147. N. 2-3. P. 92-95.
2. Sigalov R.G., Shapovalova T.I., Karimov H.H., Samsonov
N.I. Magnetic Fields and Their New Applications. // Moscow:
Nauka. 1976.
3. Das Gupta A.K. Unipolar Machines. Association of the
Magnetic Field with the Field-Producing Magnet. // American
Journal of Physics. 1963. V. 31. N 6. P. 428-430.
4. Cavalleri G., Bettoni G., Tonni E., Spavieri G. Experimental
Proof of Standard Electrodynamics by Measuring the Self-Force
on a Part of a Current Loop. // Physical Review E. 1998. V. 58.
N 2. P. 2505-2517.
5. Christodoulides C. Equivalence of the Ampere and Biot-
Savart Force Law in Magnetostatics. // Journal of Physics A.
1987. V. 20. N 8. P. 2037-2042.
6. Serra-Valls A., Gago-Bousquet G. Conducting Spiral as an
Acyclic or Unipolar Machine. // American Journal of Physics.
1970. V. 38. N 11. P. 1273-1276.
7. Gerasimov S.A., Volos A.V. On Motion of Magnet in Conducting
Fluid. // Problems of Applied Physics. 2001. V. 7. P. 26-27.
8. Gerasimov S.A. Self-Interaction and Vector Potential in
Magnetostatics. // Physica Scripta. 1997. V. 56. N 3-4. P. 462-464.
JNET
New Energy Technologies
collection of articles
Japanese Version
Collection of articles from New Energy
Technologies magazine, 2001-2002 is published in
Japan.
On purchasing of the book, please, contact
Eiichi Yamamoto,
President Yama Trans Co. Ltd.
Email: admin@yamatrans.co.jp or
eyama@yamatrans.co.jp
45 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Uranium Photoaccumulator
Anton N. Yegorov, Russia
St.Peter sburg Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gatchina, 188350, Leningrad region, Russia
http://www.pnpi.spb.ru, Email: bti@isppd.pnpi.nw.ru
Photoaccumulators are galvanic elements
consisting of two communicating vessels,
one of which is exposed to light and
another is kept in darkness. Ionic
composition of electrolyte, which fills these
vessels, depends on intensity of
illumination. If an inexpensive electrode is
placed in each vessel, then a potential
differ ence will appear. If the electrodes are closed at external
working resistance the electron stream will begin to equalize
ionic composition and the difference in illumination intensity
will tend to disbalance it. As a result, a cer tain working mode
will be established which will allow to utilize the
photoaccumulator for production of industrial electrical
energy. As distinct from the solar ba ttery, which
works while exposed to the light, the
photoaccumulator stores some part of solar
energy in its electrolyte which is supplied with
electrical energy after sunset too.
The idea of photoaccumulator is not a new one.
It was established in the end of 19th century that
it is feasible to create a photoaccumulator
containing electrolyte made of the following
mixture: Fe 2+ + Hg 2+ = Fe 3+ + Hg +
.
This photoaccumulator was not adopted in
practice because of high toxicity of the electrol yte
and very low EMF (approximately 0.018).
Development of technology is accompanied by
a widening range of materials and matters which can be used
in large scale production and power industry. Among such
materials are, in par ticular, titanium, depleted uranium and
rare-earth elements. Nuclear power industry uses U235
isotope only. Naturally occurring compound contains only
0.72% of U235. Hundreds of thousands of U238 from which
U235 has been extracted are kept as useless stock.
In the end of sixties in one of radiochemical laboratories
of LINP (Leningrad Institute of Nuclear Physics) P. N. Moskalyov
repeated the same experiment over a long period of time. In
the morning he placed a tightly c losed retort filled with uranylchloride
soluted in compound of water, spirit and hydrochloric
acid on the window-sill. The solution in the retort changed
its color from yellow to emerald-green. Before leaving the
laboratory Moskalyov removed the retort with green solution
from the windowsill to a closed chest. In the morning
Moskalyov retrieved the retort with the solution (which was
already yellow) fr om the chest and placed it on the sill. The
solution became green again and the whole process repeated
daily.
Chemical processes in uranium electrolyte are rather
complicated: first, under the light influence the uranyl ion
oxidizes ethyl alcohol, which is then transformed to aldehyde:
UO2 +2 + C2H5OH+ = U iv (OH) 2 + C2H4O.
In the dark ions of urany-4 inter act with aldehyde and are
transformed to UO2 uranyl ion and spirit again. Thus, this
cyclic process can take place over a significant period
of time being supported by the energy provided by light
quanta of visible light which are transformed into the heat.
The idea of utilizing this process in order to obtain electrical
energy emerged in the late nineties. The mechanism of uranium
photoaccumulator is very simple (Fig. 1): two glass vessels, one
made of transparent glass and another of nontransparent
glass, are connected with a black
acid-proof rubber tube. The communica ting
vessels are filled with aqueous electrolyte
containing 40% of spirit, 80-100 g/l UO2Cl2
and 0.2 m HCL. The electrolyte is previously
activated by multiple cycles of exposing it to
light and then placing it in darkness in order
to obtain a significant volume of aldehydic
fraction. The major difficulty of designing
uranium photoaccumulator is connected with
the choice of the material for electrodes. In
galvanic elements carbonized platinum
electrodes are usually used. For practical use
platinized titanium gives the best fit. Titanium
foil covered with superfine layer of platinum
is currently widely used in electrochemical industry and is
procurable.
In the transparent vessel the titanium petal-shaped electrodes
are parallel the light flow, so the light quanta move freely
through the solution.
In working condition each photoaccumulator produces
10 mA of current at 0.3 volt voltage, so they are to be
connected in large batteries, both in series and in parallel.
It is also necessary to consider the aspect of safety. Until
now, the de pleted uranium has been used for one purpose
only, namely, for manufacturing of cores for armor-piercing
shells. When used in this manner, the uranium is pulverized,
which leads to environmental damage. The battery of
photoaccumulators is placed in her metic metal chest; the front
panel of the latter must be made of solid safety glass. Such a
system will protect the photoaccumulator batter y from
malicious intent and the security staff from weak uranium
radioactivity.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 46
International Prize on Power Engineering
“GLOBAL ENERGY”
International Prize
“Global Energy” was
first presented in
St. Petersburg on June
15, 2003. The bonus
fund of $900,000 was
shared between three
scientists “whose work
has been and is still
important both to the
last century and future
research”, said Zhores
Alferov, Chair man of
the Global Energy Prize
Award Inter national
Committee.
Nick Holonyak, Professor at the University of Illinois
(USA), was awarded for “fundamental contributions to
the development of power silicon electronics and
invention of the first semi-conducting light-emitting
diodes in a visible part of the spectrum”. Thyristor
invented by Holonyak allows the transformation of
direct current into alternating and vice versa, to direct
this process, to store and accumulate energy. This device
is used for every electric locomotive, for frequency
transformation. Such devices help to save significant
amounts of energy, thus, about 30 percent of all energy
produced in the world is processed through thyristors.
Nick Holony ak’s other
invention, i.e. semiconducting
light-emitting
diodes in a visible par t of the
spectrum, has led to
development of a new field
of the modern power
engineering. Supposedly,
efficient and safe lightemitting
diodes will replace
daylight lamps in the next
ten years.
“Although Nick Holonyak’s
invention dates back to the
end of the 50ies of the last
century, it remains current”
said the Chairman of
Expert Commission,
Academician Vladimir
For tov. “This is one of
the key inventions leading
to the search of new ways
of sustainable energy
saving”.
Gennady Mesyats,
Academician of Russian
Academy of Sciences,
and Ian Douglas Smith,
Senior Scientist at The
Titan Pulse Science
Division, were awarded
for giving birth to a new
direction in the field of power engineering, i.e. power
pulse energy. Due to their research, commutation of
high-level currents at megavatt levels of voltage has
become possible; a number of powerful current
choppers have been created, futhermore, there have been
developed transformer constructions which allow
avoiding energy loss in power transmission lines. These
research and innovations resulted in the creation of a
number of unique pulse power machines and devices
widely used in Russia and abroad (“Aurora”, “Helia”
(USA), “Sinus”, “Gamma”, “Maus”, “Pik” (Russia) and
others).
Zhores I. Alferov
Diploma of Global Energy
Prize laureate
47 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Review prepared by correspondent Alla Pashova, Russia
For conventional science, the term “teleportation” is
not wor thy of serious consideration unless ascertained
by compulsory “quantum” teleportation. Thus,
teleportation is unconditionally refer red to microworld
phenomena and, in fact, comes to distant information
transfer. Spatial transference of a macroobject of definite
mass has been excluded.
Teleportation of states
What does quantum telepor tation mean? During active
development of quantum theory, in 1935, the so-called
EPR-paradox (Einstein-Podolskiy-Rozen paradox) was
formulated in the well-known work “Can quantummechanical
description of reality be full?” written by
Albert Einstein, Boris Podolskiy, and Natan Rozen.
The gist of the paradox is as follows. There are two
particles interacting for some time, thereby forming a
common system. From the position of quantum
mechanics, this coupled system can be described with a
certain wave function. When interaction is over and
particles scatter within arbitrarily large distances, they
still will be described by the same function as before. At
that, state of each separate particle cannot be known in
principle that is apparent from uncertainty relation. Only
when one of the particles enters a receiver, which records
its parameters, the relevant characteristics of the other
one emerge (exactly emerge, but not become known!).
Thus instant unlimitedly distant “transmission” of
quantum sta te of the particle is possible. Therewith,
teleportation of the particle itself and transference of
mass do not take place.
Einstein and his colleagues believed that existence of
such particles predicted by quantum mechanics prove
theory incompleteness. Thereof, the scientists infer red
the necessity of other parameters (besides wave
function) to describe quantum states. Otherwise, from
the local viewpoint, correlations between elements of
such a system could not be understood. It was far much
later, when Bell showed that some of measurements
could define these correlations and exclude any local
hidden parameters. It was not until early 1980-s that
famous experiments were performed finally eliminating
a possibility of local hidden parameters.
In 1980, Alan Aspect experimentally proved that EPRparadox
in quantum world takes place indeed. Special
measurements of state of EPR-particles indicated that
EPR-pair not only has a common origin, but in addition,
that one of the photons somehow “get to know” the
way the second one was changed. In further experiments,
existence of EPR-paradox was affirmed, even if particles
of EPR-pair were removed from each other over a
distance of 10 kilometers or so.
In 1993, Charles H. Bennett and his colleagues worked
out a method to transfer the quantum state of some
object of the microworld to another quantum object by
means of EPR-pair and called this method “quantum
teleportation”. In 1997 a group of experimentalists
under the direction of Anton Zeilinger for the first time
implemented quantum teleportation of the photon state
in the University of Innsbruck.
In such a way, researchers keep on improving the process
of quantum teleportation. In 2001 Danish scientists
managed to link gas particles spaced at a substantial
interval from each other, by transmitting information
about quantum state from one particle to another by
means of laser. The quantum teleportation between two
gaseous clouds were attained by Eugene Polzik and his
colleagues in Orkhus Univer sity. They succeeded in
coupling about million of cesium atoms, whereas the
previous record was only four atoms.
Scientists of Australian National Univer sity destroyed a
laser beam and nearly instantly recreated it in another
point in space; in other words, they teleported photons
of the laser beam. In contrast to previous similar
experiments, the physicists managed to obtain the
required result in 100 percents of cases. Ping Koy Lam,
the head of the task group of Australian University,
claimed that the first atom of solid substance was likely
to be teleported within near three to five years. However,
as most scientists admit, a task to teleport a human
remains almost impracticable. Even teleportation of
atoms, as compared to that of photons, is much more
complicated process. It is even harder when dealing with
molecules. It is basically possible (though practically very
difficult) first to transfer a molecule to a minimumenergy
state (ground state) causing it to radiate a certain
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 48
sequence of photons. These photons will find
themselves in a certain superposition containing all the
“quantum” information, which was available in the
molecule. Thereafter, it is possib le to teleport photon
states by means of EPR-pairs. Moreover, it is also
required that the classically measured information about
a molecule. If molecule of minimum-energy state is
present in the receiver, then this molecule, by interacting
with teleported photons in a required order, will
transform to the quantum state identical to that of the
initial one. Consequently, the quantum state of molecule
of a certain material will be transmitted, actually with
velocity of light. When that happens, the quantum state
at the transmitting side will be destroyed.
The human organism comprises about 1027 atoms. To
save and transmit information on properties of that
number of partic les seems to be practically unachievable.
“Theoretically, nothing prevents us from doing that, but
complexity of the problem is such that now no one
seriously thinks about the solution” – states Ping Koy Lam.
Being a method of information transmission, quantum
teleportation has found its application in quantum
computers, whose information is stored in the form of
a set of quantum states. Impossibility to wiretap and
copy transmitted information is considered to be an
advantage of such computers. Those researchers, who,
nevertheless, wish to answer the question of “How to
teleport matter, but not its state?” have to seek for more
perspective theories and techniques.
Teleportation of material objects
Those people, who really want to realize instant spatial
transportation of objects, i.e. teleportation, should refer
to studying properties of Space and Time. Quantum
teleportation has a certain finite velocity that cannot
exceed that of light. The genuine teleportation assumes
that an object should set off from a starting point to a
finishing point (these points differ by a certain distance
X), at that the transference time comes to zero. The
object to be teleported is not changed or taken to atoms
to be gathered later at a distant point of space according
to information transferred to this point. (Fig.1).
The object disappears from one place and simultaneously
appears in another place. How is that possible? A body
will disappear from point A and appear in point B if to
bend space in such a way as to let point A and point B
coincide. Then the object will instantly appear in point B
since there is no interval between points A and B.
Teleportation could be realized by a device, which would
make it possible to superpose points A and B.
Fig. 1
Space is supposed to be unbendable without enormous
energy consumption. However, Alexander V. Frolov
points out that this issue is not so unambiguous:
“Normally we consider space in connection with
“natural” course of time existing in it. That is some
degree of space curvature. Let us assume that it can be
changed. The space curvature can be considered as
acceleration or deceleration of time. Acceleration always
demands, for instance in mechanics, some energy
consumption. But if we “decelerate” time, energy is
liberated and it can be accumulated for subsequent use”.
K.Z. Leshan suggests surrounding a transfer red object
with a closed surface consisting of vacuum holes. Inside
such a “hole sphere” there is geometry similar to that
of a black hole. This place is absolutely isolated from
the external Universe. No radiation is able to penetrate
through the hole in space and time. For an observer,
who is inside the hole sphere, the distance between
sphere center and its border is infinitely large, since
spatial metrics is ever-varying from the center to the
border. Distances between the points is continuously
shortened so that the distance between any couple of
points comes to zero at the very hole surface. A matter
transmitter can have inner or outer hole surface. In the
first case a teleportation station has a spherical chamber
to place the object. Equipment to produce holes should
be located upon the outer side of the sphere. Such a
station is capable to provide hundreds of launches a
day by instantly expulsing spaceships to deep space over
distances of millions of light years.
From microcosm towards macrocosm
Simeon Bochar ov (member of Chemistr y and
Biochemistry Department, University of Delaver,
Newark, USA) considers telepor tation phenomenon
using microobjects as an example and applying an
interesting conception of protomatter.
49 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
In S. Bocharov’s opinion, many paradoxes of the
present-day science could be solved under condition of
considering the whole existing matter to be a single
continuum, i.e. protomatter . At this approach, the
microcosm objects are not independent ones, being
represented in the form of distortions of the very
continuum and its manifestations here and now.
Protomatter, whose distortion degree is beyond modern
possibilities of detection, corresponds to vacuum. In
the present-day paradigm redistribution of protomatter
distortion corresponds to motion of par ticles. The
important peculiarity is a refusal of such concepts as
structure, dimensions, mass and other macroscopic
characteristics with respect to microcosm objects, since
here they are not considered as separate entities.
For experimental justification of his theory, S. Bocharov
suggests to consider teleportation of microobjects
incorporated in fullerens under low temperatures and
pressure.
As a basis for reasoning he takes the fact that identical
or similar conditions, whereon distortions are located,
bring them to the state of identical or similar by lability/
diffuseness. And vice versa, distortions, which are similar
by lability/diffuseness, influence their near surroundings,
creating, as a result, similar macroscopic states. In such
a case protomatter distortion (in some spatial domains
and under similar conditions) will cause appearance of
similar distortions in another domain, whose degree of
removal depends on presence of other distortions and
their characteristics. In other words matter will be
teleported from one spatial domain to another.
Possibility to realize teleportation of microobject causes
the well-known phenomenon, which is nowadays
described as embedding of particles into inner hollows
of spheroid fulleren molecules without reacting with
them. As object of telepor tation there can be used
distortions classified as elementary ones, such as
hydrogen, helium or stable matters (noble gases). In both
cases the influence of objects upon surroundings is
minimized.
The researcher believes that in case of successful
experiment, new pattern of matter structure will be
confirmed, and valuable teleportation of microobjects
(with prospects of such possibility for macrocosm
objects) will be demonstrated.
One more approach to teleportation of physical
macroobjects was considered in the work “Practical
application of time rate control” (New Energy
Technologies No. 3, 2001) by Alexander V. Frolov. It is
assumed that density of space (aether) energy determines
rate of passing of any processes including the very
process of matter existence. Changes of aether density
(increase or decrease) must result in the emergence of a
force analogous to that of buoyancy, though acting
towards the fourth dimension. This “chrono-motive
force” (CMF) is also an analogue of electromotive force
(EMF) and can be generated by analogy with
electrodynamics. According to Alexander V. Frolov, laws
of quantum mechanics as to discretization of levels of
energy of material system, which exist in the domain of
increased or decreased aether density, are valid in the
macrocosm as well. Teleportation (as a transition from
one state of the system to another one) can be studied
with electron transference from one orbit to another as
an example with the only difference that for the
teleported object not only its location, but also the very
spatial properties are changed. In aether of different
density (after discrete transition) the same object will
have different space around it, wherein time is
decelerated or accelerated. Experiments of this field have
already been in development stage.
Therefore, modern theoretical physics has handed the
problem of teleportation to researchersexperimentalists,
who possess sufficient breadth of
mind. Perhaps , using teleportation technologies, they will
manage to fundamentally alter the process of space
exploration and raise our civilization up to r adically new
development level.
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 50
Prokofy V. Sherbak, Russia
Mitinskaya Str., 40-1-244, Moscow, 123430, Russia
Tel.: (095)950-4135
Email: Prokofy@mail.ru
The idea to conduct experiments on “mass defect”
demonstration a ppeared after a cycle of seminars, which
took place in1993-1996 at the Moscow Aviation Institute
under the direction of V. I. Patrushev, Doctor of
Technical Sciences, Professor of “Designing of
aerohydrodynamic systems” Department (the author of
the article is also a graduate of the Department). At
the seminars, an enterprising group studied and
developed an applied theory of “Displacing fields” by
Alexis V. Murlikin and an associate “Theory of energy
exchange processes”. Later the group was called “Group
studying non-inertial transference” (non-inertial
natural processes).
The experiment was aimed to test some theoretical
suppositions, namely, that it is possible to influence on
existent energy f lows which input and output to the
matter. At that the simplest way to influence indirectly
is to change the medium the flows come through. In
general, optic experiments on luminous flux refraction
show the same. But light refraction and change of speed
of light propagation at passing through different
mediums is one thing; and change of mass of a material
body is something new that has not ever been dealt with.
Moreover you can consider light (i.e. electromagnetic
radiation) to be the secondary manifestation of output
energy flow. Besides mass defect is very important for
nuclear physics because it “helps” to develop this branch
and stimulates drawing “energy dividends” in splitting
reactions, decay reactions and nuclear fusion reactions.
But unfortunately we can not touch element nucleus
and even million nuclei while we can easily touch metallic
balls of 1 g ram weight.
Let us note that a concept of mass is one of the most
uncertain in physics. We can not measure mass directly.
It is possible to do it only indir ectly, by gravity, using
scales (it does not matter what kind of scales are used),
or by kinetic momentum (in this case mass is a measure
of inertia) by means of dynamometers.
Thus it is evident that change of WEIGHT shown
by scales is not MASS change as measure of matter
quantity. Since one of the most important points of
the theory of “Displacing fields” is creation of a vehicle
of new generation, then one of the major tasks is to
overcome gravity (to decrease weight). And this “home
experiment” shows the way to solve it. However we can
call it “home” only in part, because for weighing there
were used electronic scales (mass-comparator with
measurement accuracy of 0.1 microgram. (See Fig. 1).
Fig. 1
Precision scales METTLER TOLEDO allows making:
High-accuracy weighing in the range
from 0.1 microgram to sever al tones
Measurement with resolution up to milliard points
Two sets were designed for weighing. The first one had
an aluminum (Al) ball-kernel which weighed 1 gram and
a lead (Pb) casing-shell consisted of two parts (halfspheres)
which also has weight of 1 gram. The second
set had on the contrary a lead kernel and an aluminum
casing. The sets were disassemb led and then
hermetically assembled to make a single device with no
gaps (See Fig. 2).
Since it had to be done with great accuracy and it was
a piece article, not a Moscow product company
undertook to produce it. And only one of the students,
Nicholas Sorokin, a young boy with skilful fingers, had
51 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
helped. He invented a technology
which allowed making balls of the
necessary size at home conditions.
He was literally pickling every
micron of metal with acid and finally
got the necessary size and weight.
So, the weight of a non-assembled
set was: 1 gram (weight of kernel)
and 1 gramm (weight of shell).
Weight of an assembled set,
according to the “Theory of energy
exchange processes” by Murlikin, is
not equal to the simple sum of the
non-assembled components, and
mass defect would be different for
various sets right up to the change
of sign.
Fig. 2
Set of experimental balls
More than 50 experiments was
carried out on weighing for every set.
Assembled sets as well as nonassembled
sets were weighed. It was
confirmed that there was an
interaction between input and
output flows for MATTER
MAINTENANCE. It became
apparent in the form of mass
defect. Defect appeared in the
sixth sign, i.e. it comes to the
range from 0.0002% to 0.0007% of
“kernel” mass (or “shell” mass).
At that the lesser mass defect
corresponds to aluminum shell,
while the greater one corresponds
to lead shell. Accuracy of weight
measuring by the mass comparator exceeded the acquired result by
10 times. So we could not tell about inaccuracy of measurements. So
we had to apply to the “Russian center of testing and certification” which
was very famous all over the world (Rostest-Moscow).
In general that is all, we have got an answer for ourselves, and the period of
testing is behind. We have to advance; very much is still to be done. In
addition let us mention one more surprise we got during the experiments.
The matter concerns some time delay in receiving final results of every
weighing. A qualitative picture of it is represented in Fig. 3. We did not
expect that this effect would appear at such a rough level of measurement
of energy exchange processes.
Fig. 3
Time stabilization of the process for receiving final weight
The subsequent report and detailed discussion of the experimental results
by specialists (including physicists of various specializations) resulted in an
unexpected non-recognition of facts and distrust. The main argument was
a demand to increase the number of experiments up to 5-10 hundreds.
And only then scientists would be ready to accept facts . It was quite a
predictable reaction for the orthodox science in the middle of 90s. It remains
to hope that if the discussion took place today it would have a paved way.
However it is not a fact.
In conclusion let us note that this experiment on revealing mass defect
ranks with famous experiments, in which rotating gyroscopes also
demonstrate mass defect (decrease of weight) and even one of higher order
than in our experiment. But in return we have no rotation, no chemical and
nuclear reactions, while mass defect is presented.
Let us add that it is possible to complicate the task: to make a double casing
and to choose other materials for “kernel” and “shell”. (See Fig. 2). In our
case low prices and availability made us use Al and Pb. The results will be
more interesting, for example, with Li and Os (and with other
supertransuranic elements).
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 52
Alexander M. Mishin, Russia
Planernaya Str., 79-208, St.Petersburg, 197373 Russia
E-mail: samish@mail.ru
Based on the original
observations and
experiments, the article gives
more precise definitions of
aether model, than which was
previously elaborated.
General laws of the Universe
aetherodynamic are
considered. There is described
a new physical reality in the
form of quasi-real
aetherodynamic structures (“topological harmonics”)
generated by dynamics of the substantial world.
At the present-day stage of physics development words
of Maugham, an English philosopher, take on particular
topicality: “The great verities are too important to be
new”. Indeed, we are increasingly making certain that
our remote ancestors were familiar with fundamental
laws of the Universe; furthermore, they knew these
better than we do. But which methodology of cognition
of Nature and what kind of information sources did
the ancient scientists have? Today, we can openly say:
they had not ordinary experience only, but also esoteric,
pretersensual one, without feeling any necessity to be
divided into materialists and idealists. For more details
on evolution of physical ideas, refer to work [1].
In discovering all over again, I also had to elaborate a
“cellular taction” strategy, which enables the most
important characteristics of aetherodynamic processes
to be sensually perceived and evaluated. The main thing
is that all my sensory observations are definitely
reproduced at laboratory experiments while the simplest
physical equipment is used.
We may get reliable knowledge about Nature from
Natur e itself only. Thus foundation of classical physics
describing usual substantial world is also based on
empirical facts studied by Galilei, Newton, Faraday and
many other physicists-natural philosophers. I also would
like to defend great Newton against attacks on his
adherence to inductive methods which r eally brought
imperishable values into science.
A new convolution of cognition is possible on condition
of introduction into science of new concepts based on
empirical study of physical entities previously unknown.
Thereupon, I share the thought of Elena Ventzel,
professional mathematician: “Mathematical methods are
not useful, but harmful until phenomenon is not studied
at a pre-mathematical, humanitarian level”. It is
ideological and logical language that may be used today
to discuss the aether problem, whose solution calls for
comprehension of natural-science facts, which are
beyond traditional notions settled over centuries.
The long-term investigations have confirmed that
exhaustive definition of a fundamental natural entity was
given by Rene Descartes: “Universe does not contain
anything but aether and its vor texes”. This is not merely
a postulate; this is an objective summary of empirical
observations of Nature phenomena. In any academical
model of microcosm there is no answer to the question:
what kind of substance are electrons, quarks, strings
made of? That is the very substance our forefathers
called aether. Aether is unified field indeed; and it appears
that for nearly his whole life Einstein had been searching
for something that was under his foot.
It must be recognized that there is no undistorted,
quiescent aether in Nature; as well as no zero-size
vor texes exist. Therefore, in a customary sense, the
aether concept is pushed behind transcendental horizon
and turned into an inconceivable entity whose mystique
is tantamount to religious ideas. However, all quantum
vortex-wave distortions of the superfluid threedimensional
aether, which have an appearance of tori,
threads, solitons and occupy spatio-temporal spectrum
from zero to inter-universe scale, are material and contain
energy under scientific interpretation. Any spaces such
as turbulent fields, physical vacuum, gravitational fields
and, of course, matter are material. All of them are
etherodynamic structures of the real wor ld. Spatial
hierarchy of aether vor tices is refer red to as quantum
stairs, fractal structure or “matreshka” [2-5].
To understand basic laws of aetherodynamics it is
necessary to give a general definition for classical matter
53 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
and other aether states. As a first approximation, let us
give the name of matter to aether microscopic left-screw
self-oscillating vortex-wave systems (elementary
particles), whose existence and parameters are
conditioned by higher hierarchical systems. This is our
displayed wor ld, with its electromagnetic fields and
fundamental constants. Let us refer to vor tex-wave
structures of any vor tex size, which in the considered
space domain are balanced by a number of left- and
right-screw vortices corresponding to matter and
antimatter with prefix “quasi” to a free aether. Stable
vor tex lattices with alternating direction of helicity can
be also considered in this case. Under natural conditions
everything but classical matter or electromagnetic and
gravitational fields can be related to the free aether. In
the first place, these are the so-called physical vacuum
and vor tex fields, which attend gravitation. They
represent anisotropic nonlinear subspaces and occupy
definite places on spatio-temporal spectrum of the wor ld
aether. Particular free subspace creates an aggregate of
topological harmonics [5] attending all the physical
processes. Satellite of the gravitational field is
distinguished because it belongs to specific class of stable
vor tex lattices.
Apparently, in general case, energy of free aether is
virtual for our world due to its helical symmetry and
quasi-matter, from the view of difference in sizes of
typical vortices which correspond to protomatter. But
this is not the entire point. There is also superfluidity of
aether, whose vortex viscosity has marvellous properties.
As a result, there are created phenomena of inertia and
energy-information barrier separating material world
from constant influence of quasi-real structures or
turbulated space.
Classical inertia, as vortex viscosity, arises in the
microscopic and more fine-structure free aether (in
Newtonian space) and ever regularly reveals itself during
acceleration of material bodies. However everything is
different at stage of macrovortex aether, where inertia
has properties of adaptation. Here it is affirmed that
inertia phenomenon is “spread” throughout the spatialtemporal
spectrum of vor tex distortions of aether field.
At that nature of inertia is changed. Within
topoharmonic subspace in laborator y scales, the inertia
law “diminishes” in time according to exponential
dependence, whose time constant is determined by
specific conditions and varied over wide limits (from
seconds to many days). On the expiry of this time,
inertial intercoupling transforms to the law of flicker
effect. It may be said that flicker effect specify
penetrability of energy and information barrier after
expiry of time of paraphysical regular phenomenon [6].
Consequently, most of time the interaction with free
macroaether is of random character and should be
evaluated by mean observation.
To extend conceptual scope of our investigation it may
be added that in classical hydrodynamics a liquid, along
with ordinary inertia, has determined vortex
macroinertia, which is created by vortices of the liquid
itself. Therefore, it is necessary to keep on comparing
processes at all levels of the unified field of aether. For
instance, electric inductance is a kind of specific inertia,
and topological harmonics of electromagnetic and other
phenomena are subjected to the energy-information
barrier (under laboratory conditions).
In the above arguments, the principle of relativity is
latently and unconsciously presented. However, this
complicated question needs to be separately considered.
Physical nature of the energy-information barrier and
reason for dependence of the inertia properties upon
the size of vortices of free aether remain unclear, too.
However, it can be supposed that classical elementary
particles, as distinct from protomatter, have selfoscillating
properties and are commensurable with
vortices of the surrounding free world; and that the
above-mentioned energy-information barrier does not
exist for them on microscopic section of the spectrum.
The gist of the barrier itself comes to “memorizing”
topoharmonic processes by Earth’s gravitational fields
and laboratory equipment. Turbulent fields (physical
vacuum) do not have such a “memory”.
Fig.1
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 54
Fig.1 depicts diagrams of spectral density of vortices’
energy; diagrams of rate of interaction transfer v and
circular frequency ω depending on sizes of vortices of
the wor ld aether Λ (in picometers). As we can see,
velocity of distortions propagation ν is equal to velocity
of light C in the physical vacuum, i.e. in electron sizes,
exceeds C in nanocosm and tends to zero toward
megacosms. Circular frequency of vortices rotation and
course of physical time have the analogous qualitative
dependence. However, vortices energy W has a feature
and grows toward both ways from the lab scales; the
aether numbers have been assigned conditionally, but
all the specified phase states reflect some physical reality.
One of the most complicated questions is a definition
of vortex matter in each particular case. The diagram
demonstrates energy of free aether in the form of
protomatter (simplest elementary particles – vor texes),
and energy of classical elementary particles as helically
definite self-oscillating emissions of aether field is
localized in the most nonlinear subspace (physical or
substantial vacuum). Unification of the elementary
particles into atoms and macrobody does not denote
direct transition to parallel world with different
fundamental constants, whereas change of vortex size
in the diagram exactly implies such a transition, though
at a level of protomatter. This is a very intricate and
crucial point. For example, a star is, unconditionally, an
elementary par ticle of the relevant level of the Universe,
even though comprising the ordinary matter.
Left wing of energy spectrum reflects property of the
turbulent field of aether to gravita te, to sink down to
the “bottom” transfer ring energy to the vor tices of lesser
scales. This phenomenon of distributed “gravitation”
is available in every space point and explains a leastaction
principle. An illustrative analogue of this regularity
is represented by the Earth’s gravitational field and
structure. Dense plasma assumed as iron core is situated
in the center, and higher - there are magma, solid cr ust,
water and air. These phase states exist in free aether
within universe scales as well. Consequently, in
femtocosm, and maybe at an even deeper energetic
“bottom”, there must be a plasmic subspace; evidently,
it is assignable that aether translated from Greek means
“fire”.
Increase of energy to the right is connected with
extending a dynamic band of the vortices spectrum, as
the scale increases. In our world, this increase follows
the flicker effect law, but this is only what we perceive
across the energy-information barrier. Actually, at this
section the vor tex energy must increase well more
strongly, because our observation capabilities are
limited by accessible matter processes. Turning back to
stars, one may affirm that modern science is unable to
evaluate their real energy (evaluations are considerably
underrated). The Galaxy vortex entrains such deep levels
of multidimensional space-aether to its rotation that this
causes violation of the Newton’s law of inertia. Notion
of “hidden mass” is unnecessary for explaining dynamics
of galaxies. It is quite enough to take into account that
differential rotation entrains the fine-structure aether
(inertial subspace), and this process results in decreasing
the inertia and external centrifugal forces. Unfortunately,
Fig. 1 ref lects only a characteristic size of the galactic
vortex and does not visually demonstrate its active band
of the spectrum. The finer is the space structure, the
more iner tial and closer to the absolute reference frame
is the space. Obviously, the non-homogeneous,
stereodynamically multidimensional and multiphase
aether requires a perfectly new theory of random fields,
which would also make allowance for the phenomenon
of the material world.
Energy motion processes or spectral energy-cascades
along abscissa axis are of decisive importance for
existence of our world and the Universe. These
processes have unusual properties. The “violet” cascade
is attended with reduction of vortices size, absorption
of ma tter energy and tends to increase energy
concentration at the “bottom” of the world aether (near
ordinate axis on Fig.1). This regularity experimentally
confirmed in both spatial and temporal domains is a
direct consequence of the above-mentioned
phenomenon of distributed gravitation and clarifies an
existence of the left wing of the spectrum. In classical
physics “the violet” cascade effect is reflected in the
least-action principle as well as in the thermodynamics
laws.
The “red” energy cascade (right wing of the spectrum)
corresponds to increase of vortices size and is
accompanied with energy liberation. To start it up under
earthy conditions special technologies are called for [7].
This has been confirmed with laboratory experiments
and underlies the “perpetual motion” theory, where
energy is pumped from nanocosm to the classical
material world. Conception of artificial biofield [6], I
have developed, considers methods of creating the
aether vor tex-wave macroscopic-scale distortions in
physical systems. As a matter of fact, we deal with ways
of extending of natural spatio-temporal spectrum
of aether (which settled into itself) by creation of a
subspace of the topological subharmonics of the
classical elementary particles, atoms and molecules
55 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
(physical bodies), within the context of the
etherodynamics fundamental law [5].
Even within action of fluctuating energy-information
barrier, the spectrum right wing exhibits existence of
natural processes in Nature that, supposedly, violate the
known laws of thermodynamics [8]. But, as far as Nature
cannot conflict with itself , we have to recognize that
there is another physics, which “works” in geographic
and greater scales, where role of the energy-information
barrier demands to be reappraised. To all appearance,
the universe vortex partialyl entrains plasmic subspace
of aether into its rotation, and conditions for realizing
“red” energy-cascade and generating matter are created
on the sections of the maximum density gradient
(“spectral” non-linearity). But the same way as a fish in
ocean does not know reasons for storms and currents,
we will never learn which force untwists the Universe
handwheel, whose energy feeds our substantial world.
There are two components of fr ee aether field that are
the most essential for the present-day physics. The first
one (left wing) is positioned on the spectrum beside the
“bottom” in the form of dense liquid-crystalline
“plasmatic” medium transforming to the Newtonian
inertial subspace (physical vacuum). Since inertia is as
regular as electric inductance is, the first subspace proves
to be especially material and not such free, because it
has properties which were imposed by the Universe
rotation and distributed “gr avitation”. Let us
conventionally limit the spatial spectrum of the first
component with a nucleon size. The second component
of aether space (right wing of the spectrum) stretches
towards larger scales.
Except for known cosmic objects, this is an unknown
ocean of the macrovortex and r eally free aether, or
topoharmonics, which are born by dynamics of the
substantial wor ld. It is an experimentally proven fact
that topoharmonics are generated by photons, electrons,
and all the moving bodies [5, 9].
The second component has an ability to conversely affect
the matter it was generated by as well as other material
objects via “flickering” forces [10, 11]. This special
subspace turns out to be doubly virtual, a genuine
phantom. That is why, it has been winning the status of
a real physical entity with such a difficulty, while Chinese
philosophers were familiar with the same thousands
years ago, separating entities “yang” and “yin”.
The laboratory experiments indicate that topoharmonics
have not only properties described in [5], but also an
ability to interact with the space, cr eating a static domain
of the excited aether in the course of propagation of
the vortices-waves. At that physical bodies placing within
this space volume are “charged” [2, 9]. The mentioned
active domain (horizontal route) is “separated” by the
Earth’s gravitational field as follows: quasi-substantial
constituent rapidly settles down creating vertical flow,
but some phase structures ar e disintegrated very slowly
(days, months, years).
The surprising thing is that biosystems equally belong
to both aether components, not experiencing any
constraint from the side of the energy-information
barrier. The so-called human biofield is a topoharmonic
part of physical body. It occupies its place on the spatiotemporal
spectrum (Fig. 1). Quasi-substantial constituent
(yang) and antiquasi-substantial one (yin) are strictly
balanced, and acupuncture points and chakras are an
analogue of Hartmann’s geophysical grid, which is wellknown
to paraphysicists.
Conceptual generalization of physical ideas in the
context of unified field of aether gives a constructive,
cognitive impulse in solving of different problems, such
as Nature’s choice of exclusive laws for existence of
“left-screw” material world as well as the problem of
flicker-ef fect. At that, researching into the physical
processes responsible for proton positive charge is of
fundamental importance.
In conclusion, let us take note of conventional character
of dividing the aether field into two components by the
form of energetic spectrum. As a matter of fact,
topoharmonics are generated by matter towards both
larger spatial frequencies (subharmonics) and smaller
ones (harmonics) and fill all levels of the Universe. The
aforesaid is aimed at making perception of the most
studied aspect of the new physical entity (vague due
to diversity of hypothetical descriptions which exist in
publications on this subject) more accessible.
Reference
1. A.P. Smirnov, I.V. Prokhortsev. Or der principle. – Saint-
Petersbur g: ZAO «P and Ê», 2002. - 296 p.
2. A.M. Mishin. The aether model as a result of the new empirical
conception. New ideas in natural sciences. (On materials
of International Conference). Part 1 “Physical”. - St.-Petersburg:
RAS, 1996, p. 95-104.
3. A.M. Mishin. Fundamental properties of aether. Fundamental
Problems of Natural Science. Series «Problems of the Univer
se research», fascicle 21 – Saint-Petersburg: RAS, 1999, p. 176-176.
4. A.M. Mishin. Physics of parallel worlds. / Fundamental Problems
of Natural Science and Tec hnics. Series «Problems of the
Universe research», f ascicle 23 - Saint-Petersbur g: Publishing
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 56
Philip M. Kanarev, Russia
The Kuban State Agrarian University, Department of Theoretical Mechanics
13, Kalinin Street, 350044 Krasnodar, Russia
E-mail: kanphil@mail.kuban.ru
Lately, the notion “Global energy” has become widely
spread as a prize corresponding to this notion has been
instituted in Russia. Since the Euclidean times, an
unwritten law exists in science: to give definition to the
notions, which are involved in scientific analysis. It is
done for the purpose that everybody who uses this
notion can understand the sense implied in it.
The Global energy problems have been discussed for a
long time; they are well known. Depletion of natural
energy carrier s (oil, gas and coal) is the first problem.
Environmental safety of energy car riers is the second
problem. It is generally recognized that the solution of
the issues connected with the aggregate of these two
problems is of a global character. The results of scientific
research, which should deal with global energy, originate
from it. First and foremost, they are such scientific
investigations, which result in the possibility to use an
inexhaustible and environmental friendly energy carrier.
It has been known for a long time. It is hydrogen
produced from water.
Why hydrogen and why from water? At combustion of
hydrogen, water is regenerated; thus, the energy car rier
is inexhaustible. As far as inexhaustibility and
environmental safety are concerned, hydrogen has no
competitors. However implementation of these qualities
is restricted by large energy expenses for hydrogen
production from water. For hydrogen production,
modern electrolyzers use from 10 to 20% more energy
than it is produced at combustion of hydrogen.
It is easy to imagine what financial and intellectual
resources of the world are included in the search of the
ways to reduce energy expenses for hydrogen production
from water. In Russia many scientific institutions of
applied research and educational institutions deal with
this problem. There is a Research Hydrogen Institute.
The associations of scientists on hydrogen energetics
have been established in USA and Europe. This year,
they carry out their regular scientific conferences, to
which the author of this article has been invited.
Editorial: Let us note that it is not necessary to coin new
scientific term “global energy”, since quite for a long time
the notion of “free energy” is used. This term represents
the idea of the possibility to freely use energy by a
consumer.
Energy problem is global not due to depletion of oil
and gas, but due to their environmental unsafeness.
However the confirmations exist that the world owners
of energy resources do not bother about the problem
of environmental unsafeness of modern energy car riers.
House of the Saint-Petersburg State Univer sity, 2001,
p. 258-269.
5. A.M. Mishin. Etherodynamics basic law. / Fundamental Problems
of Natural Science and Technics. Series «Problems of the
Universe resear ch», fascicle 26, part III. - Saint-Petersburg: Publishing
House of the Saint-Petersbur g State University, 2003, p.
206-218.
6. A.M. Mishin. Physical system with ar tificial biofield. / Fundamental
Problems of Natur al Science and Technics. Series
«Problems of the Universe r esearch», fascicle 23, - Saint-
Petersbur g: Publishing House of the Saint-Petersburg State University,
2001, p. 258-269.
7. V.F. Zolotarev, V.V. Roschin, S.M. Godin. About space-time
structure and some interactions. - Moscow: Publishers «PREST»,
2000. - 309 p.
8. V. Starr. Physics of phenomena with negative viscosity. -
Moscow: MIR, 1971.
9. V.V. Kvartalnov, N.T. Perevozchikov. Discovery of a “nonphysical”
component of OKG r adiation. Journal «Parapsychology
and Psychophysics». - Moscow: 1999, No. 2 (28), p. 64-67.
10. A.M. Mishin. Longitudinal thermomagnetic effect. / Fundamental
Problems of Natural Science and Technics. Series
«Problems of the Universe research», fascicle 26, part III. - Saint-
Petersbur g: Publishing House of the Saint-Petersburg Sta te University,
2003, p. 219-228.
11. A.A. Efimov, A.D. Shpitalnaya, Y.A. Zakoldaev. Er uptive
prominences and earthquakes in the view of global space
anisotropy. / «Ne w Ideas in Natural Science». Series «Problems
of the Universe research», fascicle 19, part II. – Saint-Petersbur g:
RAS, 1996, p. 403-413.
57 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
In history of science, the facts of annihilation of the
scientists who have won success in reduction of energy
expenses for production of hydrogen from water have
already been registered. The requesters of these actions
think that they will lose their profits with the coming of
hydrogen energetics. They do not understand that this
process cannot be abrupt. It is impossible to replace
the infrastructure of the existing energy carriers by
infrastructure of hydrogen energetics within one or even
ten years. Besides, infrastructure of hydrogen energetics
will not be created on a blank place. It will be integrated
into the existing infr astructure of energetics gradually;
and its owners will automatically become the owners of
hydrogen energetics. The first step has already been
made in this direction. In the USA, a decision has been
taken to equip all filling stations with pumps to fill the
cars with hydrogen.
It is known that a priority of results of theoretical
investigations is their publication in press. Usually, such
priority is a personal one. Generally a patent is a priority
of the results of experimental investigations. As a rule,
this patent belongs to a group of authors. A published
patent is a genie released from a bottle. No finesse of
the authors to hamper a reproduction of experimental
data given in a patent without the participation of the
authors can stop the process of their implementation.
Thus, the authors or a group of the authors who have
filed an application for a patent are deprived
automatically of the opportunity to influence the process
of practical realization of their ideas.
In Russia, the state is a main patent holder of the global
patents. Due to the well-known reasons, it has proved
to be unable to control the course of scientific
investigations and to for ecast significance of their results.
It is known that if it becomes possible to reduce energy
expenses for hydrogen production of water fivefold, it
will be the cheapest energy car rier. Russia has already
got technology, which reduces these expenses tenfold
and more. However another way of looking is more
perspective. Is there any use to decompose water into
hydrogen and oxygen and to use hydrogen as fuel for
heating, for example, of water in hea ting systems? Is it
possible to make water generate heat? It turned out that,
it is possible.
In Russia, three firms (“Yusmar”, “Termovikhr” and
“Noteka”) sell cavita tion heating equipment with energy
performance index up to 150%. Official science looks
awry at this activity, since such results conflict with one
of the main laws of physics: law of conservation of
energy. But market profit is stronger than this law.
Meanwhile , engineering practice has already proved that
additional energy in the form of heat is generated in the
ventilation systems and in the systems of water
cavita tion. Thorough scientific analysis of this problem
shows that physical vacuum is the most probable source
of additional energy in the systems of ventilation and
water cavitation. Valence electrons of destroyed
molecules of water take energy from physical vacuum
and release it during repeated fusion of these molecules.
Why is additional energy generated in the air systems
of ventilation and in systems of water cavitation?
Because they are mechanical systems and mechanical
destruction of chemical links requires half energy as
compared with thermal destruction of these links. This
is the main reason why one fails to increase energy
performance index of cavitation processes over 200%.
Certainly, an increase of efficiency of any process by 30
or 50% is a good result; if it is obtained, it is possible to
get even better one. But what if a water molecule is
destroyed not mechanically, but electrodynamically? In
this case, it becomes possible to find resonance
frequencies of influence on the molecules and therefore
to reduce considerably expenses of electrical energy for
their destruction. Subsequent fusion of destroyed
molecules will release determined quantity of energy
unavoidably. It is a simple idea, and it has already been
implemented. At electrodynamic influence on water
molecules, electrical energy is converted into thermal
energy with tenfold energy performance index. It means
that if we spend 1 kWh of electric energy, we will get
10 kWh of thermal energy. To obtain such results, it is
necessary to have knowledge of physchemistry of the
microwor ld, which corresponds to knowledge of the
21st century, and it has already been published. Every
month more than 1000 foreign scientists become
familiarized with this knowledge at
http://Kanarev.innoplaza.net and
http://book.physchemistry.innoplaza.net.
The Russian speaking readers get this information from:
http://www.n-t.org/tp/ns/if.htm,
http://www.ikar.udm.ru/sb28-2.htm and
http://www.n-t.org/tp/ts/eb.htm.
I hope that now the readers will know the essence of
the notion “global energy” and will understand those
results of scientific researches which can r eally solve
the related problems.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 58
Philip M. Kanarev, Russia
The Kuban State Agrarian University, Department of Theoretical Mechanics
13, Kalinin Street, 350044 Krasnodar, Russia
E-mail: kanphil@mail.kuban.ru
There is revealed the cause of appearance of additional
energy during formation of covalent bonds in the fusion
processes of oxygen, hydrogen and water molecules,
besides the source of this energy is described.
Introduction
Engineering practice connected with servicing of
ventilation systems allows revealing appearance of
excessive thermal energy in circulated air. Similar
phenomenon has been registered in systems of water
circulation with the devices for its active cavita tion. The
results of our investigations explain not only a cause of
these phenomena, but they give an opportunity to
perform quantitative calculations for energy processes,
which generate additional thermal energy [1], [2], [3],
[4], [5].
Theoretical part
An oxygen atom is the eighth element of the periodic
table. It is situated in the sixth group. The structure of
its nucleus is given in Fig. 1 [1], [2], [3].
Fig. 1
Diagram of nucleus of oxygen atom: light – the protons,
dark and grey – the neutrons
In Fig. 2 a diagram of the oxygen atom originating from
the structure of its nucleus is given (Fig. 1). It has eight
electrons. The electrons situated on the axis of symmetry
are the most active ones (1, 2). Other six electrons
situated in the plane, which is perpendicular to the axis
line (a line of symmetry), by means of their total electric
field remove electrons 1 and 2 from the nucleus at a
large distance at that forming conditions for their large
activity during the interaction with the electrons of the
neighbouring atoms [1], [2], [3].
Fig. 2
Diagram of the oxygen atom
The least ionization energy of the electron of oxygen
atom is equal to i E =13.618 eV. Binding energy of this
electron with the atomic nucleus corresponding to the
first energy level is equal to 1 E =13.752 eV. Let us call
this electron the first one. The calculation of energy
indices of this electron, including its binding energies
b E with the atomic nucleus, according to the formulas
(1) and (2), gives the following results (Table 1) [1], [2], [3].
2
1
2 n
E
E
n
E
E E i
i
ph i = − = − (1)
2
1
n
E
Eb = (2)
Table 1
Spectrum of the first electron of the oxygen atom
Values n 2 3 4 5 6
ph E (exp.) eV 10.18 12.09 12.76 13.07 13.24
ph E (theor.) eV 10.16 12.09 12.76 13.07 13.24
b E (theor.) eV 3.44 1.53 0.86 0.55 0.38
59 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
The oxygen molecule structure is given in Fig. 3, a. It is
formed by means of a connection of unlike magnetic
poles of axis electrons of two oxygen atoms [1], [2], [3].
It is known that the fusion process of the oxygen
molecules is accompanied with a release of 495 kJ/mole
of energy, or in calculation for one molecule
5.13 .
6,02 10 1.602 10
495 1000
23 19 E eV b =
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
⋅
= − (3)
What principle does the Nature follow by distributing
energy of 5.13 eV between the electrons of oxygen
molecule (Fig. 3, a)? Energy of 5.13 eV is a thermal
binding energy between the electrons 1 and 2’ of two
oxygen atoms (Fig. 3, a). When the oxygen molecule is
formed, it is emitted in the form of the photons by the
electrons, which enter into the bond. Hence it is equal
to an amount of energies of two photons emitted by
these electrons. Consequently, each contacting electron
emits a photon with energies of 5.13/2=2.565 eV= b E
(Fig. 3). According to Table 1, in this case the valence
electrons are situated between the second energy level
and the third one [1].
Fig. 3
Diagram of binding energy distribution between the
electrons in the oxygen molecule
Two oxygen atoms are combined into a molecule in an
excitation sta te. The excitation sta te is the state of an
atom when its valence electrons are situated at such
distances from the nuclei when the binding energy b E
between them is reduced to the thousandth of fractions
of an electron-volt. In such state the atom can loose an
electron and become an ion. Otherwise, without loosing
electrons it is combined with an electron of the
neighbouring atom by the valence electron, and a process
of formation of oxygen molecule begins. It is an
exothermic process when the axis valence electrons
1 and 2’ emit photons, descend on lower energy levels
and release 2.565x2=5.13 eV.
Let us pay attention to the fact that energy 5.13 eV is
released by two electrons, which form a bond with
energy of b E =2.56 eV. In modern chemistry this bond
is called a covalent bond. In order to break this bond it
is necessary to use 2.56 eV of mechanical energy. For
thermal cleavage of this bond, double quantity of energy
is required, i.e. 5.13 eV. It is explained by the fact that
the photon energy of 5.13 eV is absorbed by two
electrons simultaneously. Only in this case, both
electrons will be transferred to the highest energy levels
with minimal binding energy b E when they are
disconnected, and each oxygen atom becomes a free
one.
Thus, energy expenses for destruction of oxygen
molecule depend on the method of influence upon the
bond. During thermal action upon the bond it is
destroyed when energy is 5.13 eV. During mechanical
effect upon the bond, it is necessary to spend 2.56 eV
of energy in order to destroy this bond. Therefore
energetic of fusion process of the oxygen molecule
depends on method of its destruction.
After thermal destruction of the oxygen molecule
process of its formation begins from emission of the
photons with energies of 2.56 eV by both valence
electrons, and the previous electrodynamics binding
energy ( b E =2.56 eV) is restored between the electrons
of both atoms.
Thus during thermal destruction of the oxygen molecule
the same amount of thermal energy is spent than that
which is released during its further formation. No
additional energy appears during thermal dissociation
of oxygen molecule and at its further fusion.
If oxygen molecule is destroyed by a mechanical method,
then it is necessary to spend 2.56 eV of mechanical
energy for this purpose. Valence electrons of oxygen
atoms are in a free state at lack of energy, which
corresponds to such state, as there is no process of
absorption of 2.56 eV of energy by each of them. The
electrons cannot remain in such state; they should
replenish immediately the energy, which they have failed
to receive during a mechanical break of the bond
between them. Where should they take it from? There
is only one source: the environment, i.e. the physical
vacuum filled with aether. They convert aether into
energy of 2.56 eV immediately. The next stage is a
connection of two oxygen atoms, whose valence
electrons have replenished the reserves of their energy
by means of aether. This process is accompanied by
emission of the photons with energies of 2.56 eV by
two electrons. Thus energy of absorbed aether is
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 60
converted into thermal energy of the photons. If we
spend 2.56 eV of mechanical energy for destruction of
oxygen molecule, we will get double quantity of energy
(2.56x2=5.13) eV during further fusion of this molecule.
Additional energy is equal to 2.56 eV.
Much experimental data show that in ventilation systems
thermal energy of circulated air exceeds electric energy
spent for a fan drive. Now we know that this energy is
generated at mechanical destruction of covalent bonds
in the molecules of gases, which the air consists of.
Using the above-mentioned method, let us analyse
energetic of water molecule, which sometimes generates
additional thermal energy. A water molecule consists
of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Binding
energies b E of the hydrogen atoms with its nucleus are
given in Table 2 [1], [2], [3].
Table 2
Spectrum of hydrogen atom
Values n 2 3 4 5 6
ph E (exp.) eV 10.20 12.09 12.75 13.05 13.22
ph E (theor) eV 10.198 12.087 12.748 13.054 13.220
b E (theor.) eV 3.40 1.51 0.85 0.54 0.38
It is known that combination of hydrogen and oxygen
is accompanied by an explosion, but its cause remains
unknown. Let us try to find it.
Energy of fusion of hydrogen molecule is equal to
436 kJ/mole, or 4.53 eV per a molecule. As the molecule
consists of two atoms, then the above-mentioned energy
is distributed between them. Thus energy of one bond
b E between the hydrogen atoms is equal to 2.26 eV
(Fig. 4). At mechanical destruction of this bond 2.26 eV
is enough. At thermal destruction of this bond double
quantity is required (2.26x2=4.53 eV) [1].
Fig. 4
Hydrogen molecule
In order to form two water molecules, it is necessary to
break two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule
into atoms. At mechanical destr uction of covalent bonds
2.26x2=4.53 eV is required to break two hydrogen
molecules and 2.56 eV to break an oxygen molecule.
Sum of these energies is equal to 7.13 eV. If the
destruction processes of the above-mentioned
molecules are carried out with a thermal method, then
4.53+4.53=9.06 eV is required for the destruction of
two hydrogen molecules, and 5.13 eV is required for
the destruction of one oxygen molecule. In total, it is
equal to 14.19 eV. The difference between the energy
spent for mechanical and thermal destruction of
covalent bond of hydrogen and oxygen molecules is
almost double.
It is known that during fusion of one mole of water
285.8 kJ or 285.8x1000/6.02x1023x1.6x10-19=2.96 eV per
a molecule are released. As a water molecule consists of
one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, 2.96/2=1.48 eV
falls per the bond (Fig. 5). Hence the electrons of
hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water molecule are
between the forth energy level and the fifth one at the
usual temperature (1.48/2=0.74 eV = b E ), Table 1, 2 [1].
Fig. 5
Diagram of water molecule:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are the numbers of the electrons of
oxygen atom; P1, P2 are the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms
(the protons); e1 and e2 are the numbers of the electrons of
hydrogen atoms
Thus when two hydrogen molecules 2H2 and one oxygen
molecule O2 are destroyed by the thermal method,
14.19 eV are spent. As a result of fusion of two water
molecules (2H2O), 2.96x2=5.98 eV is released. There is
some disbalance here since fusion process of water
molecule is an exothermic one and 2.96 eV is released
by one molecule. The given calculation shows that
(14.19-5.98)/2=4.10 eV is absorbed during fusion of
one water molecule. What is the cause of this
contradiction?
The oxygen atom in the water molecule should reduce
its volume when the transition from gaseous state into
61 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
liquid state takes place. It will happen when the ring
electrons of oxygen atom descend on lower energy levels
(nearer to the nucleus). They will emit the photons and
their total energy will be equal to energy spent to
destruction of two hydrogen molecules and one
oxygen molecule, i.e. 14.19 eV. Since two water
molecules have 12 ring electrons, each of them will
emit 14.19/12=1.18 eV= b E (Fig. 5). It is more than
energy ( b E =0.74 eV) of binding of axis electron with
the nucleus, and it shows that the ring electrons are
situated nearer to the nucleus than the axis ones.
In this case quantity of energy produced due to fusion
of two water molecules (14.19+5.98) eV exceeds energy,
which was spent for the destruction of two hydrogen
molecules (9.06 eV) and one oxygen molecule (5.13 eV).
Energy difference of 5.98 eV is divided between two
water molecules. It means that 5.98/2=2.99 eV or
285.8 kJ/mole fall per a molecule. It corresponds to
the existing experimental data completely [1].
The above-mentioned facts clarify a cause of the
explosion, which takes place when hydrogen is combined
with oxygen. Simultaneous transition of six ring
electrons of each oxygen atom in the nascent water
molecules to lower energy levels is accompanied by
simultaneous emission of the photons, which generate
explosion phenomenon.
Let us pay attention to the fact that two binding energies
b E between valence electrons e2 and 2 and between 1
and e1 are shown in Fig. 5, b. Energy of one
electrodynamics bond is equal to b E = 0.74 eV. If this
bond is destroyed by the thermal method, 0.74x2=1.48 eV
is required. This energy will be released during further
fusion of the water molecule from hydrogen atom H
and hydroxyl ion OH—. In this case, no additional energy
is generated.
Therefore the given bond is destroyed by the
mechanical method spending 0.74 eV per a bond, each
electron will have energy deficit equal to 0.74 eV after
bond destruction. This energy will be immediately
absorbed from the environment and will be emitted
during the repeated fusion of the water molecule from
the hydrogen atom H and the hydroxyl ion OH—. At
mechanical destruction of one bond of water molecule,
the covalent chemical bond forms b E = 0.74 eV of
additional thermal energy, which is registered in systems
of water cavitation constantly (as we have already
noted) [1], [2], [3].
It is known that water molecules combine and form
clusters. If the bonds between the molecules in the
clusters are covalent ones, mechanical destruction of
these bonds should be accompanied by a release of
additional thermal energy as well [1], [2], [3].
Experimental Part
Fig. 6
Diagram of the experimental device: 1 - reservoir for solution; 2 - thermometer; 3 - electronic scales; 4 - solution supply
duct; 5 - r otameter; 6 - feed solution regulator; 7 - a special thin plasma r eactor is in the process of patenting; 8 - thermometer;
9 - discharge of heated solution; 10 - inlet reservoir
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 62
Thus, chemical bonds between the atoms in the
molecules and the molecules in the clusters can be
destroyed mechanically, by electrodynamic and thermal
influence. We have already shown that the mechanical
way of destruction of such bonds requires half energy
as compared with thermal energy. It appears from this
that energy expenses for electrodynamic destruction of
these bonds should be less than thermal expenses as
well. Electrodynamic impact on the bond gives the
opportunity to form the resonance modes where energy
expense for the destruction of these bonds is reduced
to greater degree. In order to check this hypothesis a
special experiment was carried out. It was connected
with electrodynamic destruction of chemical bonds of
water molecules with a changing frequency of impact.
To test this hypothesis the check experiment was prepared
and carried out by (besides the author of this article)
A.I. Tlishev, G.P. Perekotiy, D.A. Bebko, D.V. Korneev.
A diagram of the experimental device is given in Fig. 6.
The results of this experiment are given in Table 3.
Table 3
Protocol of control test
Indices 1 2 3 Mean
1 – mass of the solution, which has passed through the reactor m, kg. 2.112 2.153 2.118 2.128
2 – temperature of solution at the input of the reactor t1, degrees 24 24 24 24
3 – temperature of the solution at the output of the reactor t2, degrees 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5
4 – differ ential temperature of the solution Δt= t2 - t1, degrees 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
5 – durability of the experiment Δτ, s 300 300 300 300
6 – reading of voltmeter V, B 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
7 – reading of ammeter I, A 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40
8 – electric power consumption according to indices of voltmeter 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50
and ammeters, E2=IxVxΔτ, kJ
9 – power spent for heating of the solution, E3=4.19xmxΔt, kJ 84.10 85.70 84.31 84.70
10 – reactor efficiency index according to the reading of voltmeter 8.00 8.16 8.03 8.06
and ammeter K= E3/ E2
Fig. 7
Photo of heat reactor
In the Russian market three firms (Yusmar, Termovikhr
and Noteka) sell cavitation water heating equipment with
energy efficiency index of 150%. Soon, an air heating
devices with the same efficiency will be produced. The
processes of mechanical destruction of covalent bonds
of the air gas molecules, molecules and clusters of water
and their further fusion serve as a source of additional
energy generated by these devices [1], [2], [3].
Conclusion
Analysis of energy balance of the molecules with
covalent bonds shows the possibility of additional
thermal energy formation during mechanical and
electrodynamics destruction of these bonds.
References
1. Ph.M. Kanarev. The Foundation of
Physchemistry of Micro World. Krasnodar. 2002. 320
pages. (In Russian).
2. Kanarev Ph.M. The Foundation of
Physchemistry of Micro Wor ld. The second edition.
(In Russian). http://www.ikar.udm.ru/sb28-2.htm
3. Kanarev Ph.M. The Foundation of
Physchemistry of Micro Wor ld. The second edition.
(In English).
http://book.physchemistry.innoplaza.net
4. Kanarev Ph. M. Energy Balance of Fusion
Processes of Molecules of Oxygen, Hydrogen and
Water. (In English) http://Kanarev.innoplaza.net
5. Kanarev Ph. M. Energy Balance of Fusion
Processes of Molecules of Oxygen, Hydrogen and
Water. (In Russian)
http://www.n-t.org/tp/ts/eb.htm.
63 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
The Fourth State Of Matter (Plasma Energy)
Power Generation
Bruce A. Per reault, USA
http:// www.nuenergy.org
Email: nuenergy@cyberportal.net
Under the proper configurations and in the correct pre
glow discharge environment more electrons can be
released than what is required to trigger the release. This
release of energy attains a high frequency oscillation
that is indicative of the metal or metals involved in its
release.
The release of high frequency energy from metals and
semi metals (semi
conductors) through the
mechanism in the preglow
discharge leads to
the generation of radiant
energy. This correlation
has been identified
through my findings. The release of high frequency
energy from the atoms of electrical conductors is
credited to my identification of the mechanism in the
pre-glow discharge, or fourth state of matter. This has
lead to extremely efficient alternative energy circuits.
The pre-glow discharge condition occurs when a
sufficient amount of charge difference is applied across
the gap of two electrical conductors. It makes a hissing
sound if the electrodes are sur rounded by air. The
electrical properties between this gap change: electrons
become “stripped” from their respective atoms and are
liberated. In this state, air is ionized and is transformed
into a plasma and is no longer a gas. It is now in the
fourth state of matter, the other three being solid, liquid,
and vapor (gas). The fourth state of matter is a good
conductor of electricity, its average resistance being
much lower than that of the same substance in its
gaseous state.
A good readily available spark gap combination is lead
and iron. This combination generates plenty of radiant
energy and causes noise to be heard on a radio in its
vicinity. As a general rule, the better the thermoelectric
difference between the dissimilar couple the more radiant
energy that will be generated when it is exposed to a
plasma field.
Early in the summer of 1981, the pre glow had first
caught my attention. This is where I had observed it
between two plastic insulated hook-up wires from radio
shack. The plasma between the two wires was called
into existence because of a high voltage power supply
that I had obtained for my electrogravitic experiments.
The two wires were twisted together and given a charge
of around ninety kilovolts.
It was not until 1989
when I observed a high
frequency signal on my
oscilloscope coming
from the pre-glow
discharge phenomenon.
These signals were coming from across the room and
originated from a crude component that I had built.
This crude component consisted of a guitar wire that
was centered through a section of PVC tubing. Around
this tube was wrapped a coil of insulated transformer
wire. This was my first ion-valve. It was excited with the
same power supply where I had observed the plasma
effect several years previous.
I knew that my ion valve was generating high frequency
oscillations using air ions but did not find any practical
applications for it until six years later. It was in this year
(1995) when I realized the importance of the ion valve
and its associated high frequency ion field, known as
radiant energy to Moray, it being the essential principle
behind his energy receiver.
In one experimental set-up, it was confirmed that when
a charged capacitor is discharged through a spark gap
that the stored energy is transfer red by way of high
frequency electrical oscillations. It was found that these
oscillations occur directly before the discharge of the
capacitor, thus the term, pre-glow discharge. It was found
that during the pre-glow discharge plateau, energy is
transferred from a primary to a secondary electrical coil.
Directly after pre-glow discharge, a surge of current is
measured. At the point of current surge is where most
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 64
of the stored energy in the capacitor is r eleased as wasted
heat. It was apparent that by maintaining the pre-glow
discharge plateau a very efficient mode of energy transfer
and conversion can be obtained. Logically what is
required is a control mechanism. This is where my ion
valve finds its niche. Upon further investigation, it is
found that it keeps pre-glow discharge oscillations at
their plateau, and suppresses current surge in a spark
gap. It is a self-regulating quenching device. When it is
placed in series with an air-core transformer and arc
gap, its plasma hisses smoothly, the arc in the spark gap
is almost silent and is very small. Continuous oscillations
can be seen on an oscilloscope. A light bulb connected
to the secondary will glow brightly. This result is not
possible without the ion valve included in the circuit.
The ion valve has the added feature of preventing back
electromotive force, generated from inductive loads,
from being discharged back through the circuit. Without
the ion valve, energy is normally lost when it is
discharged and is transformed into heat. Using the ion
valve therefore has the effect of conserving energy.
Fundamental Radiant Energy Device
“Standard” scientific principles are not being violated.
There is no fringe science involved with radiant energy
power generation. This is a very old source of energy
being extracted and harnessed in a unique way through
my discoveries. What I have discovered is practically a
limitless source of energy. Radiant energy has existed
since the beginning of time. What I hold claim to is an
improved method to generate and to conver t radiant
energy, kinetically active ions, cosmic energy, call it what
you will, into useful electrical power. Think of the radiant
energy power generator as a type of energy detonator
that liberates great quantities of energy with only a small
exciting spark. No laws of physics are being violated.
No new laws are being implied. They are being expanded.
The concept is not that much different from how a
lighted matchstick is able to start a bonfire.
The power generated from my circuits comes from the
transformation of matter into radiant electricity. It does
not come from the splitting of atoms. To obtain high
wattage from a spontaneously radioactive substance
would require unsafe amounts of radioactive material.
Under the right conditions, ordinary matter can be made
to generate intense surges of radiant energy that can be
heard on a radio receiver as static noise. Build a device
that can efficiently capture this energy and convert it
into useful electrical currents and you will have yourself
a powerful source of electrical power. This device will
be powered by ar tificially disintegrating matter as
described by Gustave Le Bon in his book “The
Evolution of Matter” and in his book “The Evolution
of Forces”.
Energy and matter are two distinct entities of the same
manifestation. Matter represents a stable condensed
form of energy. Heat, light, electricity, etc., are
uncondensed vibrations of matter oscillating at differing
rates. “Cosmic Energy” is the term that Le Bon used to
define matter and energy as being one and the same
manifestation. He theorized that when stable matter is
disintegrated it is transformed into energy that we
recognize as heat, light, electricity, radioactivity, etc.
Semiconductors will generate intense surges of electron
oscillations that become powerful sources of radiant
energy. A simple ion valve, or call it what you will, can
be used to generate and conver t this form of radiant
energy into useful electromagnetic oscillations. A tuned
transformer can be used to directly convert these
oscillations into to a practical voltage and amperage. This
unique valve is shown in Fig. 1. Before it can function it
must be connected to a suitable voltage source. The
circuit in Fig. 2 demonstrates the full working concept.
Other embodiments are also possible. The proof of
concept circuit reveals how radiant energy can be
generated and converted into useful electrical cur rents.
Many additional stages can be added for more power.
Many other circuit and component configurations can
also be used but the fundamental conversion principle
remains the same. The circuit and components shown
should give you a very clear idea of how the technology
works. The actual mechanics and electr onics of building
and validating a radiant energy prototype are relatively
simple. Contrary to what some people might think,
dangerous levels of radioactivity are never used in my
devices.
Ion-valve Converter Technology Explained
The ion-valve converter (ion-valve) shown in Fig.1 has
an axial negatively charged tungsten cathode wire that
extends the length its cylinder and is capable of emitting
secondary electrons. The anode cylinder is positively
charged and is made from a semiconductive material
that will readily capture electrons.
Within a few milliseconds the accumulated negative ions
are attracted to the positively charged onrushing atomic
ions. When the negative and positive charges collide they
65 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
neutralize each other generating high frequency electrical
oscillations.
There appears to be a common thread shared between
sever al alternative energy devices. It is the pre-glow
discharge. The report on the Hans Coler device released
by the British Government indicates that there is excess
energy released when electrical contacts are opened and
closed. The Lester Hendershot device utiliz ed a buzzer
circuit that opened and closed its electrical contacts. In
the Alfred Hubbard coil pre-glow discharge f lowed
through electrical contacts, a distributor cap and radium
soaked spark plug. The Joseph Newman motor used a
sparking commutator. Thomas Moray invented a
glowing, cold cathode discharge tube that was the heart
of his radiant energy device. Hermann Plauson was
granted U.S. Patent No. 1,540,998 that used spark gaps
to convert atmospheric energy. Frank Wyatt Prentice
was granted Canadian Patent No. 253,765 that detailed
his invention, which lighted 50 sixty-watt carbon lamps
with an input of only 500 watts. His invention utilized a
spark gap driven high frequency tuned resonant system.
Chancy Britten used ion-valves constructed with a
central wire that was surrounded by a coil of wire which
is described in his US Patent No. 1,826,727. Britten’s
valve was said to have lit up his home in the 1930’s
according to a local newspaper ar ticle of that time period.
Alexander Chernetski experimented with what appears
to have been a type of ion-valve that was filled with
hydrogen gas. It is said that he got up to five times more
energy out of his device than what he put into it. Edwin
Gray was granted U.S. Patent No. 3,890,548 for his
efficient spark gap driven capacitive-discharge motor.
He improved on this patent by replacing the spark gaps
with a pre-glow discharge switching tube. His U.S.
Patents No. 4,595,975 and No. 4,661,747 describes this
tube in detail. Gray’s patents claim to conserve battery
power by sending unused energy back to the supply
batteries. On close examination, we also find that his
switching tube is actually a quenching device.
Radiant energy was generated during the pre-glow
discharge cycle that also contributed to recharging the
batteries. Paulo N. Correa and Alexander N. Correa
obtained patents to a pulsed pre-glow discharge system
that recovers energy and recharges a battery.
I have found that radiant energy is generated when a
plasma field is in contact with the atoms of an electrical
conductor. Most importantly, the quantity of radiant
energy is greatly increased when the plasma field occurs
between the inter-electrode couple of two differing
electrical conductors. That, the wattage produced will
depend largely on the type of electrode materials that
are used. I do not suspect that the above referenced
inventors were aware of this amplifying mechanism.
Fig. 1
Ion Valve
In the embodiment in Fig. 1 the negative charge on the
wire in the ion-valve negatively ionizes any gas that
contacts it. These ions rush towards the positively
charged cylinder. When a metal ion that carries an excess
electron hits head-on with an elementary differing
positively charged onrushing metal ion a violent union
of the two metals occurs. This causes the newly formed
bimetallic alloy to violently oscillate, break up (dissociate)
and to liberate a burst of electrons. The “sea electron
model” helps to explain this effect. According to the
sea electron model metals are bonded to each other
through electron sharing. The model suggests that metal
atoms be bathed in a sea of valence electrons. If this
model is taken one step further it can be seen that when
metallic atoms are dissociated from each other excess
electrons are released in the form of electrical oscillations
of high frequency (radiant energy). This occurs because
the electrons no longer take part in the inter-atomic
binding force that existed before the dissociation took
place. It becomes clear that the freed electrons will add
amperage to the output circuit to which it is connected.
Henceforth, the equation I x E = P holds true in this
system. Where, “I” represents the electrons (amperage),
“E” electromotive force (ionic voltage), and “P” the
power generated.
Obtaining Electrical Energy from the
Transformation of Cosmic Energy
Matter is cosmic energy in a condensed state according
to Le Bon and Moray. What this means is that matter
can be excited its plasma state and caused to rapidly
disintegrate transforming itself into electricity.
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 66
Fig. 2
Proof of Concept
The proof of concept shown will obtain energy from
the dissociation of matter bringing the circuit to life. It
does this by creating a plasma field between differing
electrical conductors. Electrons are unleashed and
feedback to the circuit where they are converted into
useful power.
Plasma oscillating on the
correct wavelength will act
like a spark on a mass of
explosive material but
releasing electrical particles
instead of heat. This is to say
that the excited fourth state
of matter (plasma) causes
condensed energy (solid matter) to become
uncondensed (radiant energy). The reaction will be far
superior to the force that invoked it in the first place
because the energy stored in matter is released. The
energy that is condensed in the elements of matter is
immense. The result is that an enormous amount of
energy is released with only a slight loss of matter.
Gustave Le Bon proved this when he demonstrated that
the action of solar light and from electric arcs on bodies
produced electric particles similar to those of uranium.
He showed that it caused all bodies to disintegrate to
different degrees.
According to the law of conservation, when we give to
a material body a determined quantity of energy, this
energy might be transformed, but the body will never
give back a quantity in excess of what it received. This
principle is considered too self-evident to be disputed.
It makes sense that matter can only give up energy that
is given to it and is unable
to create excess energy.
Without violating this law,
matter can be excited into
giving up its stored interatomic
energy.
Condensed matter can
become uncondensed if
its oscillations become
violent enough and henceforth transforming itself into
radiant energy. No laws have been violated. They have
been expanded. The first law of thermodynamics
describes the principle of the conservation of energy.
It states that “energy is not created or destroyed; it merely
changes form”. The fact is that the creation or
destruction of energy is a result of matter being broken
down or built up. They both go hand in hand.
Naturally occurring radioisotopes were created through
the billions of years of cosmic ray bombardment of
ordinary matter. Their matrixes became unbalanced. The
67 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
correct trigger will cause these isotopes to seek their
original balanced state. Enormous amounts of electrical
energy can be obtained from the transformation of
stored cosmic energy. These isotopes contain a very old
energy reserve that can be released in a unique way with
my discoveries.
Have you ever wondered about spontaneous radioactive
decay? Is it really a super charged state of matter? If an
atom can become ionized by either gaining or by losing
electrons then why can there not be a nuclear ionization
too? I hypothesize that atoms do become ionized on
the nuclear level by gaining or losing neutrons. This may
appear incidental but could be at the very heart of an
ultra-chemistry. It is highl y probable that this
hypothesized phenomenon is behind natural
spontaneous radioactive decay and explains many
unanswered questions about nuclear science.
Liberated Energy
With a slight excitement from a pre-glow discharge in a
spark gap, or even with no excitement at all, as we
observe in spontaneously disintegrating radioactive
bodies, such as U235, we can obtain large quantities of
energy. Clearly, we did not create this liberated energy,
since it already exists in matter, but we release it under
the right conditions. This is being done without violating
the law of energy conservation. The idea that matter
could be transformed into energy was absurd before
the acknowledgement of nuclear transformations.
A Nu Science is on the horizon. It involves the means
of transforming matter into energy without splitting
atoms. This science recognizes several isotopes of matter
that spontaneously liberate energy as observed in
naturally occurring radioisotopes. My research indicates
that it is also possible to artificially speed up the natural
decay process of condensed energy (matter) using a
minute plasma field, as from a pre-glow discharge, etc…
With a very small quantity of energy, we will be able to
produce a very large quantity of energy without splitting
the atoms.
Capture Capacitor
Nature offers us cosmic energy that manifests itself in
many different forms. Electricity is only one of its
manifestations. From this knowledge, we can obtain
electrical power with no moving parts. The natural world
contains many storehouses of this cosmic energy.
Energy is all around us just waiting to be transformed.
The capture capacitor is one such example. It is called a
capture capacitor because it captures and transforms
electrical charge into electrical cur rent. It does this with
the aid of naturally occurring radioactive matter
(N.O.R.M.). Put a pair of dissimilar metal electrodes
together with a porous ceramic dielectric material
sandwiched between them, along with a weak electrolyte
and you have built a capture capacitor. In a low power
capture component there exists a minute impurity of
N.O.R.M. It is always present in clays and is usually
present in ceramic materials.
If you want a capture capacitor to generate more power
all you have to do is to add additional amounts of
radioactive material to the dielectric. Lead–210 is the
optimum choice because it has a half-life of around 22.3
years and is a pure beta (electron) emitter. Its half-life is
almost twice as long as tritium. This means that it is
feasible to build a component that will put out power
for several years with little maintenance. Lead-210 is a
decay product of radon gas. The parent source of radon
is uranium. Therefore, uranium ore can be powdered
and mixed into the ceramic material.
The atomic ions emitted from naturally occurring or
artificially induced radioactive transformations can be
directly conver ted to electrical power. The circuit shown
can be used to convert radiant energy into useful
electrical currents. Additional stages can be added for
more power. The circuit shown gives a general idea of
how such an energy conversion device functions. By no
means is this technology limited to this one circuit,
configuration, or source of radiant energy.
EAGLE-RESEARCH
Energy Solutions
since 1984
A Research Organization that
Develops & Distributes
Practical Energy-Saving
Methods & Devices
4 Energy Way, P.O. Box 118
Porthill, Idaho 83853
FAX: 250/492-7480
Technical questions to:
wiseman@eagle-research.com
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 68
A new type of high field superconducting magnet from Oxford
Instruments has enabled ph ysicists at the University of Nottingham
to balance the force of gravity and levitate heavy and dense materials
such as lead, gold and diamonds. The patented Minimum Condensed
Volume™ (MCV™) Cryofree™ superconducting magnet,
developed and manufactured by Oxford Instruments in
collaboration with the University of Nottingham, is the first of its
kind in the world. Unlike conventional superconducting magnets,
the MCV magnet never needs to be r efilled with liquid helium and
yet can g enerate a field over 300,000 times stronger than the Earth’s
magnetic field. MCV has a very small footprint and, operating at
4.2 K with a room temperature bor e, can g enerate highl y stable
magnetic fields up to 16 Tesla.
http://www.oxford-instruments.co.uk
Polish inventor Zygmunt Orlowski called attention of the
scientific society to his perpetual motion machine METOZ, which
according to the author after fur ther improvement will be able to
extract energ y from the ear th’s gravitation.
http://www.nets.pl/~metozor/perpetual_motion_machine.htm
It is necessary to c hange behavior of people in or der to decrease
environmental damage. This was the message of “Green Week
2003” whic h took place since June 2 thr ough June 5 in Brussels.
The conference’s key issues were three aspects of United Europe
envir onmental policy: sustainable production and consumption,
renewable energy and water supply.
Green Week is the first envir onmental forum of such a scale. Three
thousand participants from all over the world represented
governments and funds, industr y and mass media. The exhibition
organized in the framework of Green Week included 62 displays
from 14 European countries and were dedicated to the newest
environmental technologies and projects. During the Green Week
26 conferences and seminar s took place, as well as a great number
of pr ess conferences and actions for young people.
British researchers (Gardner Watts company) believe tha t
they have made a groundbreaking scientific discovery after
apparently managing to “create” energy from hydrogen atoms.
The device r epresents “thermal energy cell” which a ppears to
produce hundreds of times more energ y than that put into it. If
the findings are cor rect and can be reproduced on a commercial
scale, the ther mal energ y cell could become a fea ture of every home,
heating water for a fraction of the cost and cutting fuel bills by at
least 90 per cent.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk
Gravity Conversion Rotary Device
The below figure is from
http://www.thever ylastpageoftheinternet.com/newclaims/
GravityMotor/g ravity_motor.htm
Does it really work?
69 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Tim Ventura, USA
Email: tventura6@attbi.com
http://www.americanantigravity.com
http://www.americanantigravity.com/marcus.html
Editorial: This overview is devoted to the fantastical device created by inventor Marcus Hollingshead that
encountered more than its share of publicity and controversy between November 2002 and March 2003.
You can participate in discussion on aggroup@yahoogroups.com.
The problem with Marcus has been that he was
pressured by too many people to produce too fast results.
I started talking to him in November, and he is always
sounded like an honest, rational man with a good heart.
The problem is that once people started to hear his
private claims that he could lift something like 2 tons of
weight, things kind of went south.
While people in general have been very well-meaning,
they are desperate to solve many of our current energyproblems,
and when Marcus appeared with a potential
solution it got out of control. Pretty soon film crews
were showing up at his house unannounced, and he was
getting unwanted phone calls from people who had
looked up his number online.
In my opinion, it is really a problem of a “social dynamic”
at work here – too many people, with too much access,
all at once. This also correlates to the type of person
that different people are. For instance, I am a very open
person, and I really do not value my privacy a heck of a
lot — therefore, when TV crews drop by with 5 minutes
notice (and they have), I tend to just let them in for a
demo. However, Marcus, who is much mor e of a private
person, seems to have become a bit overwhelmed at
this proposition.
Also, keep in mind that I had initiated working with the
media because I felt that it was time for the excellent
work in the Lifters groups to see the light of day. There
was some debate about this, but the Lifters group as a
whole has greatly benefited from being about to tell
people about this new technology.
Marcus had not actually “gone public” about his work.
He had leaked information about his research to a few
people, and from there it was leaked to several others,
who in turn told their friends about it. Unlike the Lifter
technology, which has hundreds of people that can talk
about how it works and where it came from, Marcus
technology was represented solely by himself. That
means that everything surrounding his device came back
ultimately to him alone. Without any real group
ownership of the e xpertise behind the device
As I said before, Marcus was new to the publicity, and
did not have time to prepare the resources that the rest
of us have had to answer questions, provide demo
materials, etc. Naudin and Saviour have a masterful
manner with regard to teaching people about Lifter
technology, but they have had years to prepare this
information and perfect a method of presenting it to
people.
Most of us in the AG groups tend to proselytize for the
technologies that we believe in. I know that I do, and if
you haunt the newsgroups much you will notice that
everybody there believes in something and can go on
for months non-stop telling the world about it (again, I
do this). Marcus, however, does not really have this
personality — he is more of a “take it or leave it” type
of person.
For me, this was another indicator that he was the “real
deal”. You have to understand that I have never seen
working prototype pictures of the Marcus device, and
all that I had to go on was the feeling that I got from
interacting with him on the phone and online. The fact
that he did not try to “sell me” on the idea was a big
plus. He told me about the device, and his story was
always consistent. The other people that he talked to
also had a consistent story – I have not talked to anybody
and heard a differ ent version than I heard from Marcus
himself. That is a big plus from the credibility perspective.
Marcus initial goal (from when I started talking to him
in November) was to gradually ease into working with
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 70
the public to tell them about the technologies he was
working on. Unfortunately, I probably aggravated the
issue a great deal, because his ear ly descriptions of the
technology might have gone unnoticed if it had not been
for some of the things he had mentioned about his
research.
When I read Marcus’ firsts posts on the device, my very
first thought about his claims was that they were bogus.
Judging from the reaction of the Antigravity newsgroup,
I gathered that a few other people also had the same
initial reaction. The reason might be a little selfish –
after you hear claims but do not see results for a long
enough period of time, you tend to protect yourself
emotionally by becoming skeptical to the idea that
somebody can be lifting hundreds of pounds of weight
using a completely new and revolutionary technology.
Nonetheless, something that Marcus had said resonated
with me. I remember that he was talking about his results
being based on a study of the Earth’s fields, which is
something that I had read about myself during the
college years. Telsa had done a lot of work involving
the Earth’s electrical and magnetic-fields, and I had
always felt tha t this research might come in handy later
as a potential basis for Antigravity research. However, I
did not have any specific ideas, and began asking Marcus
questions offline to find out more about his research.
In reality, I am nobody special, so I think that perhaps
this would have happened in any event no matter what
my reaction would have been. Certainly I am not the
only person that took an early interest in his work, and
from what I learned later he had already been a little bit
too honest in the BBC online newsgroup before he ever
became involved with the Antigravity newsgroups.
From January to mid-February Marcus became like
somewhat of an addiction in the newsgroups. This was
a strange phenomenon to watch, but if he did not answer
questions in the newsgroups for even a day people
started asking whether he had been kidnapped or the
government had assassinated him.
You have to understand that most inventors tend to
segregate their time into “public” and “private”. I do,
Naudin does, and everybody does this. When you talk
to the public about what you have built, you really get
into it — but when you are actually working on it, you
tend to hole up in the garage and put the entire world
on “ignore” until you have finished with whatever it is
that you are doing.
Marcus reall y started to get publicity in late November
2002, and it built up over a few week period of time. By
mid-December, he had a healthy following in the
Antigravity newsgroup and people in the 5 or 10 other
AG newsgroups were developing more than just a
passing interest. Great stuff for Marcus – he had thought
that he was the only person doing this research, and it
turned out that lots of people shared this common
interest with him. We had lots of really valuable and
productive exchanges.
Marcus bided his time working on the projects – he had
initially stated that he could lift around 200 pounds of
weight with his November version (prototype #161, if
I remember correctly). He did not have a digital camera,
and he did not want to publish photos until he had a
better prototype anyways. That was OK with me – I am
used to work with a variety of inventors and came to
realize a long time ago that everybody has their own
style. I was content to wait until Marcus had additional
data, and the only thing that I insisted upon was that
sooner or later he ante-up and provide some
photographic evidence.
Despite lacking photos or video evidence, Marcus did
have documenta tion. In fact, he wrote more
documentation about his device than I had ever hoped
to receive. He cranked out about the equivalent of 30-
pages of “real” documentation in a very detailed form
within 1-month, and had the email equivalent of many
more pages in postings about how the device worked
online. Marcus had already been publishing details online
for about 2.5 months.
Despite the incredible amount of published data that
Marcus was able to complete, in some ways it made
things worse for him than not having anything at all.
The reason was the nature of his research. My work,
currently focused on Lifters, was in a technology that is
easy to explain – the device is built like this, it works like
that, and it can be described in a manner similar to some
other thing ....basic, easy to explain, and easy to compare.
After all, Lifters have been accused by science of being
ion-wind devices. If nothing else, rebutting this claim
gives us someplace to start – something to compare
against to provide people with an idea about how the
device works. Additionally, we had tons of video and
photographic evidence to back up our claims. In Marcus
case, the documentation that he provided made things
worse because his technology is so utterly different. It
is not ion-wind, nor the Biefeld-Brown effect, nor
71 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
apparently the Searle effect. In f act, the more than you
tried to pin down exactly what it was, the harder it
became to describe it.
Also, its not like he could simply fall back onto describing
the construction of the device – reason being that it
contained a series of inter related coils with a unique
configuration that were intrinsically tied to the
operation of the device. Every time he wrote a detailed
summary of the construction of the device, we had
come away with more questions than we had started
out with. After a time I gave up trying to understand
how it was constructed, because I only had bits and
pieces.
Marcus was using an arrangement of 6-coils, and what
are described as “bifilar windings”. Essentially, this
means that you wind two wires together around a coil
and then tie one of the ends to another, making the two
wires essentially one long wire wound “against itself ”
down the length of the armature its on. There are 6 of
these armatures on the device, mounted around a central
RP (or reference point).
Marcus created all of the terminology for these parts –
this lends additional credibility to the idea that he had
had 7 years of experience with it. These are ideas that
you just do not “make up” for publicity. For instance,
the bifilar windings on the armature-coils are selfcancelling
fields, and even a basic-electronics education
will tell you that. However, the interesting thing is that
once you reall y start to get into the advanced “postscientific”
research on magnetic fields you start to see
self-cancelling magnetic coils all over the place. The
reason is apparently that while the “B-field” (Editor : i.e.
magnetic field) of the coils cancels, the “A-field” (Editor :
i.e. vector potential) that Tom Bearden keeps talking about
does not, which means that you can isolate the really
interesting effects from the coil without having to deal
with the high field-intensity effects from normal
electromagnetism.
Marcus had described these six armatures as being
activated in a series, or order, to obtain results. Each of
the coils was spun by an electric motor mounted on the
armature, and when the coil was spun up to a certain
speed and “stubs” mounted a periodic intervals on the
side of the armature were fired in sequence the
antigravity effect was created.
Marcus Antigravity effect was a directional force that
was applied in a unique manner depending on which
coils were activated. This means that by activating (for
instance) coils 1 and 3, he could create an antigravity
effect and move the device left – or something to that
effect. Turning on and off each set of coils gave him
movement on one axis of thrust, which corresponded
to X, Y, or Z in a standard 3-D geometric graph. Since
you can move in either direction down any given axis of
thrust, this means that you have 6 axis of movement
height (up and down), width (left or right), and depth
(forward or backward). His device provided movement
on any axis by either one coil or an arrangement of coils.
For a while Marcus did not want to talk about side effects,
but I pressured him into it. The reason was that I have
seen side-effects that were pretty darned strange in a
number of different experiments, and I was willing to
bet that if I pressured him a bit he would talk about
what he had seen but did not want to reveal (for fear
that people would not take him seriously). It turns out
that I was right.....
Marcus had talked about the RP, or “Reference Point”
upon several occassions. This is a multi-layered device
that acts somewhat like a capactive element. It sits in
the direct center of the Marcus device, and it is the
reference-point for the entire device. The RP is
manufactured from cast-iron, and Marcus says that he
has a local company build them for a few bucks each by
pouring iron into a mold based on one of his designs.
You can active the RP at the same time that you activate
the coils. You have coils rotating around the RP, with
“stubs” on the coils firing periodically at points
cor responding to spots on the surface of the RP.
Meanwhile , you also have an electrical charge on the RP
itself, which means that there are a lot of elements
interacting at once to create a very complex dynamic.
One of the interesting side effects was a darkening and
“blurring” effect of the RP, as if light was being reflected
off it. Another was a Star-Trek like “force shield” around
the RP. These only occurred when all of the coils were
activated at once. Also note that since the coils are
opposing in natur e (one for each direction on each axis),
that when you are creating the force field effect the
device cannot be levitating. However, the device is
operational, and you have a force-field that you can
apparently bounce a heavy hammer off without being
able to penetrate it (Marcus description).
Another interesting note is that the force-field effect
can be modified to create a vacuum. I am not sure how
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 72
Marcus noticed this, but he had said that it appeared to
create a vacuum inside of the field’s boundaries during
operation. Interestingly, it also ran very cold – apparently
down to a hundred degrees below zero, but only within
the localized boundaries of the field.
I am not a professional physicist, but this is something
that has been reported with the Searl effect and several
other experiments, and the reason that I believe it occurs
is because you are taking the kinetic energy of the de vice
as well as some of the kinetic energy of its molecules
(i.e.: heat energy), and injecting it into another dimension.
After all, anytime we directly modify a gravita tional field
we are creating a dimensional effect, but in normal life
we do not notice it because the boundaries between
gravitational fields are very gradual.
Well, in the Marcus device
the boundary between
gravitational fields is not a
several thousand mile-long
gradient like the Earth’s
field is – instead of you have
a gradient perhaps 10-times
more intense focused within a 3 to 4 inch area. That
means that you are cr eating essentially a rift in time and
space (self-healing) that is kept open by the energy that
you are pumping into the device.
To the best of my knowledge, this is the most accurate
description that I have seen yet for why his device does
this. Marcus himself could not explain why these effects
occurred, and to be honest I scared him more than a
little when I told him my theory.
In the hypothesis that I just put forth on the origin and
functionality of the Marcus device effect, the interesting
this is that there r eally is not a direct correlation between
input energy and the effect itself. That is because you
are not using the input energy to actually cause an effect
– you are essentially using the input energy to translate
the device into another dimension (although it is still
partially within ours).
Einstein called these “frames of reference”. The idea is
that the energy input is used only in putting the device
into another frame of reference, but that any interaction
between us and our “normal” frame would have to be
modified for any interactions with the “modified” frame.
Again, this takes place in normal physics – but usually it
involves motion, and normally it takes place over a vastly
larger gradient of time/space/whatever. The dif ference
between two frames is the difference between two
locomotives moving at different speeds – the energy
input goes into accelerating each locomotive up to that
speed, but the actual work is performed if those two
trains inter act is solely a product of the frame of inertial
reference (mass & velocity = energy).
Another excellent example is a helium-balloon. You put
the energy into condensing the helium and pumping it
into the balloon, but it is not the helium that creates lift
– it is the surrounding atmosphere. In a very real sense
a helium balloon gets its energy from the surrounding
environment. The energy that you put into “maintaining
flight” in a helium balloon is only the strain on the fabric
used in holding the helium into the confines of the bag
that encloses it. With
the Marcus device, I
would bet money that
it is not the input
energy creating these
effects – it is instead
the difference in
frames of
dimensional/inertial reference between “our”
environment and the “device’s” environment, whatever
that difference may be.
You see, even though this sounds like a load of BS,
magnetism is not real. This is not an idea that I am
making up – in fact, it is an entire chapter in the physics
101 textbook kicking around downstairs in my house.
Take two magnetic fields, and project them in the same
direction at the same speed. Field A can not interact
with Field B, because neither of the fields really exists –
they are merely ripples on a pond, and that pond is the
background of the time-space continuum. People that
believe in relativistic gravitational effects take for granted
that things like this happen – after all, gravity is not a
force per se in relativity – only a modification of the
dimensions of time-space. Well, most people do not
realize that Einstein based his theory of gravita tional
force on his study of magnetism. Magnetism is the same
thing – it is a modification of the fabric of time-space.
Take two magnetic fields that did not interact from a
moment ago, and now change the direction that one of
them is traveling in. Suddenly, the two fields that could
not even see each other a moment ago now create an
incredible “torque” – this is the same thing that we see
in bar-magnets and electric motors. This is the “torsion
field” research.
73 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Bar magnets are different than pure fields because they
are composed of the discrete fields of thousands of
tiny magnetic “domains”. That is why the fields from
bar-magnets are never “invisible” to each other – it is
because that the fields in bar magnets are too jumbled
to ever really “line up” to the point of being invisible.
Pure fields can do this, however, reinforcing the
supremacy of Einstein’s relativistic effects with relation
to electromagnetism.
Anyhow, that is about it for now – I will try to come up
with a more detailed picture for you on this if you like,
but I expect that you will probably have more questions
about Marcus theory and device in near future. It is a
very complex idea underlying his research, but the basis
of it is the idea of “rotating magnetic fields”.
If you want to do additional research on your own into
related fields of study, I would definitely look up
“relativity and magnetism” – it provides an excellent
example of how to visualize relativity theory in the study
of magnetic field interactions. This is something that
electronics engineers are not taught, which is why you
have never heard of this in an engineering sense before.
However, in physics is a well-known concept, although
most physicists prefer to work with quantum mechanics
rather than relativity these days.
In terms of rotating magnetic fields, you can look up
“torsion fields” – again, the Russians have the best
understanding of advanced torsion field physics,
although their best material probably has not been
translated yet. Additionally, rotating magnetic fields are
the basis for the Searle Effect and the Hamel device.
Marcus was intrigued by Searle’s claims, because they
appear to have matched many of his own results.
Interestingly, Marcus had developed his work within an
“intellectual vacuum” and had never heard of Searle
before I told him about the similarities. Nevertheless,
force-fields, ice-cold operating temperatures, and
antigravity seem to be a pervasive similarity between all
manners of experiments that have been reported using
rotating magnetic fields. I had assumed that Searle’s
claims were bunk, but after hearing about similar effects
from Marcus research it led to reconsider some of the
criticism surrounding Searle lately.
One a final note – one group that may lend additional
credibility to this research is Godin and Roshchin in
Russia. They obviously benefit from the years of
knowledge that the Russians accrued in magnetic field
systems theory, and they attempted a replication of the
Searle effect device some years back (and claimed to get
some results). I hear that they have been working on a
revised version of their experimental setup recently and
hope to have even better results in the very near future.
Fig. 1
Magnetic flow for a bifilar-wound toroid that is split at four
points on the toroid. This configuration occurs when the
coils in the nubs are charged to match the charge on the
tor oidal coil. The configuration is a quadra pole with a
minimum magnetic field at the center
Fig. 2
Marcus recommends the Kikusui 6000L and 18000L
multipurpose AC power-supplies
Fig.3
A scale-model mockup of the ring-arrangement within the
Marcus device, showing the interlinking coils
New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 74
Systems of conversion of thermal energy
to mechanical one
Review prepared by correspondent Alla Pashova, Russia
There is a wide class of closed
cycle heat engines using differential temperature of water and ambient
air. This kind of systems enables thermal energy to be directly converted to mechanical one so as to
perform a useful work. We publish patent specifications of two analogous devices of this kind.
In 1928 P.I. Dobrokhotov proposed a design of such an engine.
It represents an endless chain thrown over a pair of blocks and
partly immersed into water. The chain consists of coiled pipes filled
with a volatile liquid (such as sulfurous anhydride or ammonia).
One end of each coil is fastened to a frame, while another end is
fastened to a cylinder piston mounted on the same frame. When
overwater elements are heated by means of ambient air, the liquid
inside the coil evaporate. Vapor put pressure upon the pistons which
being in motion compress air in the cylinder, and thereby reduce
volume of each element. When submerging, the element gradually
cools down, thereupon causing a decrease in pressure of vapor of
the liquid, which is enclosed within coils . The pistons move in
backward direction, and the volume of air available inside the
c y l i n d e r
i n c r e a s e s .
Increase of
volume results
in increase of
water buoyancy
force that sets
the device in
motion.
In 1980, Y.S. Grigoriev developed his forerunner’s idea by
improving the system described above. The inventor aspired to
enhance the effectiveness of this method of conversion of heat
energy to mechanical one. He suggested fixing the volume of
chambers filled with a heat-sensitive actuating medium at its
minimal magnitude before immersing of those chambers into
warm water. In water the actuating medium heats and partially
evaporates. At a maximum depth of submersion, the chambers
are released from fixation to be expanded during emersion. Thus
one may avoid expansion of the chambers during their
submersion. Futhermore, there is a possibility to activate the
device and get the useful work without preliminary spinup from
an exter nal drive.
75 New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003
Iliya R. Prigozhin
(25 January, 1917 – 28 May, 2003)
Iliy a R. Prigozhin, aged 86, Nobel Prize Winner, Belgian scientist of the Russian origin, died on
28 May in Brussels. Prigozhin made a number of prominent discoveries in the field of
thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium processes. In particular, he developed
a concept of ir reversibility as a pplied to thermodynamics. Prigozhin was studying time as a physical
phenomenon. In 1977, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry “for works on
thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes”.
The scientist formulated one of the major theorems of the theory of nonequilibrium processes.
This theory was later named after him. According to Prigozhin’s theorem, stationary state of the system corresponds to
minimal entropy generation. The outstanding physicist was also an initiator of applying methods of theory of nonequilibrium
processes in biology.
Thermodynamics principles were enunciated in the mid dle of the XIX century after the invention of a steam-engine, when
interaction of heat, electrical, and mechanical work aroused a higher inter est. In accordance with the first law of thermodynamics
representing an energy conservation principle , energy neither disappears nor appears in any closed system, but transforms
from one form to another.
The Prigozhin’s theorem sounds as follows: stationary state of the system (under conditions impeding attainment of equilibrium
state) corresponds to the minimal generation of entropies. If there are no such impediments, then production of entropy
reaches its bare minimum, i.e. zero. The theorem was proved by Prigozhin in 1947.
In thermodynamics the nonequilibrium specifically open systems were of most interest for Prigozhin. In such systems either
or both (matter and energy) interchange in reactions with an environment. At that, quantity of matter and/or energy increases
or decreases in the course of time.
It is obvious that human society as well as the biological environment is an example of dissipative and nondissipative structures.
In the 60s and 70s, Prigozhin developed his theory of dissipative str uctures and described the formation and development of
embryos. Critical points of bifurcation in his mathematical model are correlated with a point, where a biological system
becomes consecutive and stabilized.
For his scientific career time, the physicist was awarded over 40 scientific rewards and admitted as an honorary
member into national academies of many countries all over the world.
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New Energy Technologies, Issue #3 May
June 2003 76
Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Physical Society
Nuclear Society of Russia
Mendeleev Chemical Society of Russia
Moscow Lomonosov State University
Russian People’s Friendship State University
The 11 th Russian Conference on Cold Nuclear Transmutation of Chemical Elements and Ball-Lightning (RCCNT&BL-11) is to be held
during September 28- October 5, 2003. The place of the Conference is in Dagomys near the city of Sochi.
The program of the Conference includes the follo wing subjects:
· Experimental research in cold nuclear transmutation (fusion) and ball lightning;
· Theoretical models with respect to cold nuclear transmutation (fusion) and ball-lightning effects;
· Applied to these problems technologies and devices.
The Organizing Committee of the Conference is pleased to invite you to a ttend the Conference. The terms of y our participation are as
follows:
The full cast is $900, whic h will include the r egistr ation fee, hotel reservation and living, three daily buffet meals, conference proceedings,
transporta tion from the Sochi airpor t and back, social dinner and special excursion or enter tainment.
The languages of the Conf erence ar e Russian and Eng lish.
The total cost can be reduced to $800 if transferred before August 10 to the account of the Organizing Committee, whic h is to be
announced on having received from you a confirmation about your decision to attend the Conf erence.
If you make a decision to take part in the Conference, please, let us know before July 1 about the title and abstract of your report.
Contact telephone: (7) (095) 196-9476 (ask Mr. Igor Goryachev), Fax: (7) (095) 196-6108
Email: gnedenko@kiae.ru; Bazhutov@erzion.madi.ru; bazhutov@izmiran.rssi.ru; bychvl@orc.ru
Address: I. Goryachev, Russia, 123182 Moscow, 1 Kurchatov Sq.,
Research Institute of High Technologies a t RC “Kurchatov Institute”
Thank you for publication of my article. Your magazine becomes more and mor e popular.
My special thanks to Editor-in-Chief Alexander V. Frolov. Whatever they say or write in the press, he has done a great work and it is not
only my own opinion. He has mana ged to do that everybody had been waiting for a long time. My colleagues (not onl y from Rostov-on-
Don State University but also from other Rostov Institutes of higher education) ask me personally send the best regards to the editorial
staff of your magazine.
Sergey A. Gerasimov
Free energy?
The scientific community says that it cannot e xist. Where did we hear that before? Academician Valery Sobolev from the Academy of
Sciences, the head of the research group working on the experiment says: “This is not some new physics, but just e xperiments that have
been performed very seriously. Make surge of electrons from the environment, remove them, de plete the fused electrolyte with basic
typical metals; what you derive from it is what cannot be produced by chemical methods. This is a new state of substance.” As the
researchers say, first the y discovered a particular electrochemical process wher e high-temperature materials in a new state are the pr oduct.
This in its tur n allowed to discover a new state of substance, new class of materials, a new sour ce of energ y, a new method of cold plasma
generation, a new superconductor. See whole article at: http://english.pravda.ru/science/19/94/379/9675_energy.html
Josef Hasslberger
Personal home page on physics, energy technology, social and economic issues: http://www.hasslberg er.com
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